State v. Shafer , 2018 Ohio 214 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Shafer, 2018-Ohio-214.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ADAMS COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 17CA1047
vs. :
JOHN D. SHAFER, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY
Defendant-Appellant. :
_________________________________________________________________
APPEARANCES:
Tyler E. Cantrell, West Union, Ohio, for appellant.
David Kelley, Adams County Prosecuting Attorney, and Kris D. Blanton, Assistant Adams
County Prosecuting Attorney, West Union, Ohio, for appellee.
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM COMMON PLEAS COURT
DATE JOURNALIZED:1-17-18
ABELE, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from an Adams County Court judgment of conviction and
sentence. The trial court found John D. Shafer, defendant below and appellant herein, guilty of
having physical control of a vehicle while under the influence in violation of R.C. 4511.194.
The court sentenced appellant to serve 180 days in jail, with 120 days suspended, and imposed
two years of community control. Appellant assigns the following errors for review:
FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN REFUSING TO GRANT
THE CONTINUANCE OF THE SENTENCING.”
[Cite as State v. Shafer, 2018-Ohio-214.]
SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR:
“THE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT WAS DENIED HIS RIGHT TO THE
EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL, AS GUARANTEED BY THE
SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION.”
{¶ 2} On December 22, 2016, appellant was charged with operating a motor vehicle while
under the influence of alcohol/drugs. Appellant entered a not guilty plea, but later agreed to
plead guilty to having physical control of a vehicle while under the influence in violation of R.C.
4511.194, a first-degree misdemeanor. In exchange, the state agreed to recommended a 60-day
suspended sentence and a $250 fine.
{¶ 3} The trial court ordered a presentence investigation report and set the matter for an
April 10, 2017 sentencing hearing. On April 10, the court rescheduled the sentencing hearing to
April 17. On April 17, appellant filed a motion to continue the sentencing hearing. Appellant
asserted that he admitted himself to an addiction treatment facility. The court found that
appellant failed to appear for sentencing and issued a bench warrant for his arrest.
{¶ 4} On July 10, 2017, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. At the start of the
hearing, the court noted that (1) appellant failed to appear for the previously-scheduled
sentencing hearing, (2) the court had ordered appellant to obtain weekly drug screens pending
sentencing, but appellant had not obtained any. Appellant’s counsel indicated that appellant was
not aware that he needed to obtain weekly drug screens. Appellant’s counsel also related that
appellant had been admitted to an addiction treatment facility and that “the court was made aware
of the admittance.”
ADAMS, 17CA1047 3
{¶ 5} Before continuing with the sentencing hearing, the trial court ordered appellant to
undergo a drug screen to “[s]ee how long he’s going to serve.” Appellant, unfortunately, tested
positive for marijuana. Appellant stated that he “smoked” marijuana when he was in jail.
{¶ 6} The trial court reviewed the presentence investigation report and observed that
appellant had a criminal record dating to 2005, which included drug abuse/trafficking in drugs,
burglary, receiving stolen property, rape, and theft. Appellant denied that he had “a Trafficking
in Drugs [or Burglary] on [his] record,” but he admitted the rape charge was true. Appellant
stated that the theft charge is “supposed to be off [his] record.” Appellant agreed that he has a
“bad experience with drugs,” but explained that he now receives counseling and that he has not
“used hard drugs since” his recent involvement with the court.
{¶ 7} The trial court subsequently sentenced appellant to serve 180 days in jail, with 120
days suspended. This appeal followed.
I
{¶ 8} In his first assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court abused its
discretion by denying his motion to continue the sentencing hearing. He asserts that as a result
of the court’s failure to continue the hearing, the court issued a bench warrant and imposed a
harsher sentence. Appellant observes that the plea agreement recommended that he serve a
60-day suspended sentence, but the court ultimately sentenced appellant to serve 60 days in jail
with 120 days suspended.
{¶ 9} “The determination whether to grant a continuance is entrusted to the broad
discretion of the trial court.” State v. Conway, 108 Ohio St.3d 214, 2006–Ohio–791, 842
N.E.2d 996, ¶147, citing State v. Unger, 67 Ohio St.2d 65, 423 N.E.2d 1078 (1981), syllabus.
ADAMS, 17CA1047 4
Consequently, “‘[a]n appellate court must not reverse the denial of a continuance unless there has
been an abuse of discretion.’” State v. Jones, 91 Ohio St.3d 335, 342, 744 N.E.2d 1163 (2001),
quoting Unger, 67 Ohio St.2d at 67.
{¶ 10} “‘[A]buse of discretion’ [means] an ‘unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable
use of discretion, or * * * a view or action that no conscientious judge could honestly have
taken.’” State v. Kirkland, 140 Ohio St.3d 73, 15 N.E.3d 818, 2014–Ohio–1966, ¶67, quoting
State v. Brady, 119 Ohio St.3d 375, 2008–Ohio–4493, 894 N.E.2d 671, ¶23. “An abuse of
discretion includes a situation in which a trial court did not engage in a ‘“sound reasoning
process.”’” State v. Darmond, 135 Ohio St.3d 343, 2013–Ohio–966, 986 N.E.2d 971, ¶34,
quoting State v. Morris, 132 Ohio St.3d 337, 2012–Ohio–2407, 972 N.E.2d 528, ¶14, quoting
AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place Community Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157,
161, 553 N.E.2d 597 (1990). The abuse-of-discretion standard is deferential and does not
permit an appellate court to simply substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Darmond at
¶34.
{¶ 11} A trial court reviewing a motion for a continuance may consider the following
factors: “the length of the delay requested, prior continuances, inconvenience, the reasons for the
delay, whether the defendant contributed to the delay, and other relevant factors.” State v.
Jordan, 101 Ohio St.3d 216, 2004–Ohio–783, 804 N.E.2d 1, ¶45, quoting State v. Landrum, 53
Ohio St.3d 107, 115, 559 N.E.2d 710 (1990); accord State v. Unger, 67 Ohio St.2d 65, 67–68,
423 N.E.2d 1078 (1981).
{¶ 12} In the case at bar, we are unable to conclude that the trial court abused its
discretion by overruling appellant’s motion to continue the sentencing hearing. One-half of an
ADAMS, 17CA1047 5
hour before the sentencing hearing was scheduled to begin, appellant filed a motion to continue
the hearing and claimed that he had admitted himself to a treatment facility. Appellant’s motion
to continue indicated that an attached fax documented appellant’s admission to the facility. The
motion does not, however, have any documents attached to it. Instead, on May 1, 2017, a
document was filed that stated appellant was admitted to the treatment facility on April 26, 2017.
Thus, according to this document, when appellant sought a continuance of the April 17, 2017
sentencing hearing, he had not yet been admitted to the treatment facility. Moreover, at the time
the court considered appellant’s motion to continue, it had no documentary proof that appellant
had been admitted to a treatment facility. Appellant offered no other explanation for requesting
a continuance of the April 17 sentencing hearing. Consequently, we have no basis whatsoever
to conclude that the trial court acted unreasonably, arbitrarily, or unconscionably by overruling
appellant’s motion to continue the sentencing hearing.
{¶ 13} Accordingly, based upon the foregoing reasons, we overrule appellant’s first
assignment of error.
II
{¶ 14} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues that he did not receive effective
assistance of counsel. Appellant contends that trial counsel performed deficiently by failing to
properly argue the motion to continue and by failing to file a motion to suppress his urine test
results.1
1
Appellant asserts that trial counsel should have filed a motion to suppress the urine test results based upon the
following statement that the prosecutor made at the change of plea hearing: “There aren’t any normal urine test
results. It appears that the officers gave him a urine test like you would get if you[] sent him upstairs to be tested, as
opposed to sending it to a lab. So, that’s why I am amending this to Physical Control.”
[Cite as State v. Shafer, 2018-Ohio-214.]
{¶ 15} The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 10
of the Ohio Constitution provide that defendants in all criminal proceedings shall have the
assistance of counsel for their defense. The United States Supreme Court has generally
interpreted this provision to mean a criminal defendant is entitled to the “reasonably effective
assistance” of counsel. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674(1984); accord Hinton v. Alabama, ––– U.S. ––––, 134 S.Ct. 1081, 1087–1088, 188 L.Ed.2d 1(2014) (explaining that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel means “that defendants are entitled
to be represented by an attorney who meets at least a minimal standard of competence”).
{¶ 16} To establish constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
show (1) that his counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) that the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense and deprived the defendant of a fair trial. E.g., Strickland, 466 U.S. at
687; State v. Obermiller, 147 Ohio St.3d 175, 63 N.E.3d 93, 2016–Ohio–1594, ¶83; State v.
Powell, 132 Ohio St.3d 233, 2012–Ohio–2577, 971 N.E.2d 865, ¶85. “Failure to establish
either element is fatal to the claim.” State v. Jones, 4th Dist. Scioto No. 06CA3116,
2008–Ohio–968, ¶14. Therefore, if one element is dispositive, a court need not analyze both.
State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 389, 721 N.E.2d 52 (2000) (stating that a defendant’s
failure to satisfy one of the elements “negates a court’s need to consider the other”).
{¶ 17} The deficient performance part of an ineffectiveness claim “is necessarily linked to
the practice and expectations of the legal community: ‘The proper measure of attorney
performance remains simply reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.’” Padilla v.
Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 366, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 (2010), quoting Strickland, 466
U.S. at 688; accord Hinton, 134 S.Ct. at 1088. “Prevailing professional norms dictate that with
ADAMS, 17CA1047 7
regard to decisions pertaining to legal proceedings, ‘a lawyer must have “full authority to manage
the conduct of the trial.”’” Obermiller at ¶85, quoting State v. Pasqualone, 121 Ohio St.3d 186,
2009–Ohio–315, 903 N.E.2d 270, ¶24, quoting Taylor v. Illinois, 484 U.S. 400, 418, 108 S.Ct.
646, 98 L.Ed.2d 798 (1988). Furthermore, “‘[i]n any case presenting an ineffectiveness claim,
“the performance inquiry must be whether counsel’s assistance was reasonable considering all
the circumstances.’” Hinton, 134 S.Ct. at 1088, quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688.
Accordingly, “[i]n order to show deficient performance, the defendant must prove that counsel’s
performance fell below an objective level of reasonable representation.” State v. Conway, 109
Ohio St.3d 412, 2006–Ohio–2815, 848 N.E.2d 810, ¶95 (citations omitted); accord Hinton, 134
S.Ct. at 1088, citing Padilla, 559 U.S. at 366; State v. Wesson, 137 Ohio St.3d 309,
2013–Ohio–4575, 999 N.E.2d 557, ¶81.
{¶ 18} Moreover, when considering whether trial counsel’s representation amounts to
deficient performance, “a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. Thus,
“the defendant must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged
action might be considered sound trial strategy.” Id. Additionally, “[a] properly licensed
attorney is presumed to execute his duties in an ethical and competent manner.” State v. Taylor,
4th Dist. Washington No. 07CA11, 2008–Ohio–482, ¶10, citing State v. Smith, 17 Ohio St.3d 98,
100, 477 N.E.2d 1128 (1985). Therefore, a defendant bears the burden to show ineffectiveness
by demonstrating that counsel’s errors were “so serious” that counsel failed to function “as the
‘counsel’ guaranteed * * * by the Sixth Amendment.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687; e.g.,
ADAMS, 17CA1047 8
Obermiller at ¶84; State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006–Ohio–6679, 860 N.E.2d 77, ¶62;
State v. Hamblin, 37 Ohio St.3d 153, 156, 524 N.E.2d 476 (1988).
{¶ 19} To establish prejudice, a defendant must demonstrate that a reasonable probability
exists that “‘but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine the outcome.’” Hinton, 134 S.Ct.
at 1089, quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; e.g., State v. Short, 129 Ohio St.3d 360,
2011–Ohio–3641, 952 N.E.2d 1121, ¶113; State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373(1989), paragraph three of the syllabus. Furthermore, courts may not simply assume the
existence of prejudice, but must require the defendant to affirmatively establish prejudice. State
v. Clark, 4th Dist. Pike No. 02CA684, 2003–Ohio–1707, ¶22; State v. Tucker, 4th Dist. Ross No.
01CA2592 (Apr. 2, 2002). As we have repeatedly recognized, speculation is insufficient to
demonstrate the prejudice component of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. E.g., State v.
Jenkins, 4th Dist. Ross No. 13CA3413, 2014–Ohio–3123, ¶22; State v. Simmons, 4th Dist.
Highland No. 13CA4, 2013–Ohio–2890, ¶25; State v. Halley, 4th Dist. Gallia No. 10CA13,
2012–Ohio–1625, ¶25; State v. Leonard, 4th Dist. Athens No. 08CA24, 2009–Ohio–6191, ¶68;
accord State v. Powell, 132 Ohio St.3d 233, 2012–Ohio–2577, 971 N.E.2d 865, ¶86 (stating that
an argument that is purely speculative cannot serve as the basis for an ineffectiveness claim).
{¶ 20} In the case sub judice, after our review we do not believe that appellant has
established that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Appellant first claims trial counsel
performed ineffectively by failing to properly argue the motion to continue. The record,
however, contains no evidence to indicate that trial counsel performed deficiently in this respect.
The record shows that trial counsel filed a written motion to continue the sentencing hearing that
ADAMS, 17CA1047 9
asserted appellant had been admitted to a treatment facility. The motion indicated that an
attached fax documented appellant’s admission. The motion does not, however, have any
documents attached to it. Instead, on May 1, 2017 a document was filed that stated appellant
was admitted to the treatment facility on April 26, 2017. Thus, according to this document,
when appellant sought a continuance of the April 17, 2017 sentencing hearing, he had not yet
been admitted to the treatment facility. We are unable to conclude that trial counsel performed
deficiently by failing to assert that the court should have continued the sentencing hearing due to
appellant’s alleged admission to a treatment facility when the written record demonstrates that
appellant had not, in fact, been admitted to a treatment facility on the date of the April 17
sentencing hearing.
{¶ 21} We also reject appellant’s argument that trial counsel performed ineffectively by
failing to file a motion to suppress the results of appellant’s urine-test. We note that a guilty
plea constitutes “an admission of factual guilt so reliable that, where voluntary and intelligent, it
quite validly removes the issue of factual guilt from the case.” Menna v. New York, 423 U.S. 61,
62, 96 S.Ct. 241, 46 L.Ed.2d 195 (1975), fn.2; Crim.R. 11(B)(1); accord United States v. Broce,
488 U.S. 563, 569, 109 S.Ct. 757, 102 L.Ed.2d 927 (1989) (explaining that a guilty plea and
subsequent conviction “comprehend all of the factual and legal elements necessary to sustain a
binding, final judgment of guilt and a lawful sentence”). Therefore, a guilty plea “‘renders
irrelevant those constitutional violations not logically inconsistent with the valid establishment of
factual guilt and which do not stand in the way of conviction if factual guilt is validly
established.’” State v. Fitzpatrick, 102 Ohio St.3d 321, 2004–Ohio–3167, 810 N.E.2d 927, ¶78,
ADAMS, 17CA1047 10
quoting Menna, 423 U.S. at 62, fn.2; accord State v. Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385,
2015–Ohio–2459, 38 N.E.3d 860, ¶19. Consequently, a defendant who voluntarily, knowingly,
and intelligently admits “in open court that he is in fact guilty of the offense with which he is
charged * * * may not thereafter raise independent claims relating to the deprivation of
constitutional rights that occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.” Tollett v. Henderson,
411 U.S. 258, 267, 93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973); Fitzpatrick at ¶78. In other words, a
voluntary, knowing, and intelligent guilty plea waives any alleged constitutional violations
unrelated to the entry of the guilty plea and nonjurisdictional defects in the proceedings. State v.
Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006–Ohio–5283, 855 N.E.2d 48, ¶105; State v. Storms, 4th Dist.
Athens No. 05CA30, 2006–Ohio–3547, 2006 WL 1882428, ¶9. Consequently, a guilty plea
“‘effectively waives all appealable errors at trial unrelated to the entry of the plea.’” Ketterer at
¶105, quoting State v. Kelley, 57 Ohio St.3d 127, 566 N.E.2d 658 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus; State v. Riley, 4th Dist. Washington No. 16CA29, 2017-Ohio-5819, 2017 WL 2988070,
¶14.
{¶ 22} In the case sub judice, our review of the record reveals that appellant entered a
guilty plea. He therefore waived the right to argue that trial counsel performed ineffectively by
failing to file a motion to suppress the results of his urine-test result. See e.g., Riley at ¶33; State
v. Sharpe, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA9, 2015–Ohio–2128, 2015 WL 3513337, ¶9; State v.
Johnson, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA16, 2015–Ohio–854, ¶¶5–6.
{¶ 23} Accordingly, based upon the foregoing reasons, we overrule appellant’s second
assignment of error and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
[Cite as State v. Shafer, 2018-Ohio-214.]
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the judgment be affirmed and that appellee recover of appellant the costs
herein taxed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Adams County
Court to carry this judgment into execution.
If a stay of execution of sentence and release upon bail has been previously granted, it is
continued for a period of sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The purpose of said stay is
to allow appellant to file with the Ohio Supreme Court an application for a stay during the
pendency of the proceedings in that court. The stay as herein continued will terminate at the
expiration of the sixty day period.
The stay will also terminate if appellant fails to file a notice of appeal with the Ohio
Supreme Court in the forty-five day period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of
the Ohio Supreme Court. Additionally, if the Ohio Supreme Court dismisses the appeal prior to
the expiration of said sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute that mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Harsha, J. & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment & Opinion
For the Court
BY:
Peter B. Abele, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the
time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.