State v. Squires , 2019 Ohio 4676 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Squires, 2019-Ohio-4676.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 108071
v. :
JEFFREY SQUIRES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: VACATED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 14, 2019
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-18-628610-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Steven N. Szelagiewicz, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Jeffrey S. Richardson, for appellant.
ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J.:
Defendant-appellant Jeffrey Squires (“Squires”) appeals his sentence
of three, four-year terms of imprisonment to be served consecutively, resulting from
a guilty plea to three counts of sexual battery. We vacate the sentence and remand
for resentencing.
I. Background and Facts
A 12-count indictment was issued for acts occurring from January 1,
2018, to May 5, 2018, for ten counts of rape (R.C. 2907.02(A)(1)(c)), and two counts
of gross sexual imposition (R.C. 2907.05(A)(5)). All charges were based on the
sexual assault of Jane Doe (“Doe”), the adult daughter of Squires’s girlfriend, who
resides with her mother and suffers from Down syndrome. The events underlying
the charges occurred at Doe’s residence. Counts 1 through 6 occurred in the living
room, Counts 7 through 9 occurred in Doe’s bedroom, and Counts 10 through 12
occurred in the bedroom of Doe’s mother.
On November 4, 2018, pursuant to a plea agreement, Squires entered
guilty pleas to three counts of sexual battery under R.C. 2907.03(A)(2), each a third-
degree felony: Count 1 (living room incident), Count 7 (Doe’s bedroom incident)
and Count 10 (mother’s bedroom incident). On December 4, 2018, Squires was
sentenced to a four-year term on each count, to be served consecutively, for a total
of 12 years.
The instant appeal ensued.
II. Assignment of Error
Squires presents a single assigned error alleging that the trial court
erred in sentencing Squires to consecutive sentences totaling 12 years for felonies of
the third degree on the ground that the trial court failed to make the requisite
findings at the hearing and in the sentencing entry under R.C. 2929.14((C)(4)(a),
(b), (c) to justify imposition of consecutive sentences. Squires also cites the state’s
failure to “distinguish separate acts, as they alleged vaginal penetration between the
same time period.” Brief of appellant, p. 4.
Our review of felony sentences is guided by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St. 3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 1, 21-22.
Under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), an appellate court may vacate the
imposition of consecutive sentences where it “clearly and convincingly”
finds that (1) the record does not support the trial court’s findings
under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) or (2) the sentence is “otherwise contrary to
law.” R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). If a trial court fails to make the findings
required under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), the imposition of consecutive
sentences is contrary to law. State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d 209,
2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, ¶ 37; State v. Primm, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 103548, 2016-Ohio-5237, ¶ 66, citing State v. Balbi, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102321, 2015-Ohio-4075, ¶ 4.
State v. Morris, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104013, 2016-Ohio-7614, 73 N.E.3d 1010,
¶ 24.
The purposes and principles of felony sentencing are governed by
R.C. 2929.11(A). The statute provides:
that a sentence imposed for a felony shall be reasonably calculated to
achieve two overriding purposes of felony sentencing: (1) to protect the
public from future crime by the offender and others, and (2) to punish
the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court determines
will accomplish those purposes. Furthermore, the sentence imposed
shall be “commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of
the offender’s conduct and its impact on the victim, and consistent with
sentences imposed for similar crimes by similar offenders.”
R.C. 2929.11(B).
State v. Martin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104354, 2017-Ohio-99, ¶ 9.
“[T]here is a presumption in favor of concurrent sentences” “when a
court sentences an offender to multiple prison terms.” State v. Harris, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 103803, 2016-Ohio-7482, ¶ 6, citing R.C. 2929.14(A) that states in
part that “a prison term, jail term, or sentence of imprisonment shall be served
concurrent with any other prison term, jail term, or sentence of imprisonment”
subject to the stated exceptions. The presumption is overcome where a trial court
“make[s] three statutory findings.” State v. Beasley, 153 Ohio St. 3d 497, 2018-Ohio-
493, 108 N.E.3d 1028, ¶ 252, citing R.C. 2929.14(C) and Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d
209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, at ¶ 37.
In addition,
R.C. 2929.12 delineates the seriousness and recidivism factors for the
sentencing court to consider in determining the most effective way to
comply with the purposes and principles of sentencing set forth in
R.C. 2929.11. The statute provides a non-exhaustive list of factors a
trial court must consider when determining the seriousness of the
offense and the likelihood that the offender will commit future offenses.
Martin at ¶ 10. “[T]he court need not go through each factor on the record — it is
sufficient that the court acknowledges that it has complied with its statutory duty to
consider the factors without further elaboration.” State v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 100206, 2014-Ohio-1520, ¶ 14, citing State v. Pickens, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 89658, 2008-Ohio-1407, ¶ 6.
First, a trial court must find that consecutive sentences are “necessary
to protect the public or to punish the offender. R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).” Beasley at
¶ 252. Second, a trial court must find that “consecutive sentences are not
disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger that
the offender poses to the public.” Id., citing R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). The third
requirement is that the trial court make one of the findings set forth in
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c). Id. The findings must be set forth on the record at the
sentencing hearing as well as in the sentencing entry. Id. at ¶ 253, citing Bonnell at
¶ 37. However, a trial court is not required “to give a talismanic incantation of words
of the statute, provided that the necessary findings can be found in the record and
are incorporated into the sentencing entry.” Bonnell at ¶ 37.
The findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a-c) are as follows:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while
the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the
Revised Code, or was under postrelease control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one
or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the
courses of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s
conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future
crime by the offender.
A review of the record demonstrates that, during the plea colloquy,
the parties confirmed that there was no merger because the three counts constitute
three separate instances. The parties also confirmed that the sentencing range is
“one to five years, but it’s in six-month increments starting with 12 months. 12
months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months, 36 months, 42 months, 54 months or
60 months.” (Tr. 11.) “That’s the definite term.” Id. A sentence is not contrary to
law where it falls within the statutory range for the offense. State v. Paulino, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104198, 2017-Ohio-15, ¶ 30; State v. Collier, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 95572, 2011-Ohio-2791, ¶ 15 (“the statutory range is established by the General
Assembly, and any sentence falling within that range is presumptively valid”).
The court advised Squires:
Court: So these sentences could run consecutive. If run consecutive,
then the potential sentence is 6 months in prison up to 180
months in prison in six-month increments and/or fines of up
to $30,000. Do you understand that?
Squires: Yes.
(Tr. 12.) Squires was also advised of potential costs and fines, ramifications for
failure to pay, postrelease control, jail-time credit, consequences for violating
community control, and the Adams Walsh Act Tier III sexual classification
requirements. Squires confirmed his understanding of each advisement.
Squires confirmed that he had not been promised a particular
sentence. Counsel confirmed the trial court’s compliance with Crim.R. 11 and the
court stated that it was satisfied that Squires’s plea “will be made knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily.” (Tr. 18.)
The court inquired:
Mr. Squires, how do you plead to each of the three amended counts,
they are amended to felonies of the third degree, all Tier III offenses
under the Adam Walsh Act; they are all sexual battery in violation of
Revised Code Section 2907.02 in amended [C]ount 1, amended
[C]ount 7 and amended [C]ount 10? How do you plead as to the
amended [C]ount 1?
Squires: Guilty
(Tr. 18.) The court accepted a guilty plea individually on Counts 7 and 10. The
remaining counts were dismissed.
The potential penalties were reiterated by the trial court at the
December 4, 2018 sentencing hearing, including that “[t]hese three offenses could
run consecutive.” (Tr. 21.) “If run consecutive then the potential sentence then is
three years in prison up to 15 years in prison in those six-month increments and/or
fines of up to $30,000.” Id.
Doe read her written statement for the record.
Your Honor, my name is [Jane Doe] and I loved [Squires] as a father
figure. He betrayed me and my mom. And I didn’t know he was coming
home early that day and he hurt me when he made me have sex with
him and he did hurtful things to me. When I said it hurt me, he didn’t
care and he kept hurting me.
And I ask that he get the maximum possible sentence for that. That’s
what I wrote.
(Tr. 25.)
Doe’s mother also made a statement. She summarized Doe’s
developmental difficulties caused by her Down syndrome by stating that Doe “has
never grasped the concept of her age and being able to give consent on her own.”
(Tr. 26.) “[Doe] is an adult in age but functions as a child in many ways.” Id. The
mother explained that Doe had difficulty with her parent’s divorce several years
earlier and that she rarely saw her father because he has been suffering from cancer.
The mother met Squires and eventually introduced him to her children. Doe and
Squires “became close, like father and daughter.” (Tr. 27.)
The mother then recited the events leading up to Doe’s revelation to
her maternal uncle that Squires had sexually assaulted her. The uncle called the
mother. “He said Doe was upset and needed me and then he told me Doe said
Squires had sex with her, had his mouth on her breasts, had sex in her front and
back and put his penis in her mouth.” (Tr. 28.) The mother next described the
extensive and irreparable physical and emotional harm that Squires acts have visited
on their lives and said,
I’m asking this [c]ourt to punish the defendant for what he’s done to
[Doe]. I truly believe he’s only sorry that he got caught. My daughter
deserves justice and we hope he’s sentenced to the maximum that you
can give him under law. Thank you.
(Tr. 32.)
Finally, the trial court heard from the investigating detective Stolz of
the Strongsville Police Department. The detective shared excerpts of his
investigation and his interview with Doe. Doe’s doctor told the detective that Doe
“has the mental capacity of a 10- or 11-year-old child.” (Tr. 33.) The detective
tailored his interview “to the ones that I conduct with young children.” (Tr. 33-34.)
Doe giggled and was embarrassed by the anatomical drawings and referred to
breasts as “boobies” and a vagina as a “private area.” (Tr. 34.) Doe also said that
Squires was being “rude” when he pinned her arms back and raped her. Id.
During the interview, Doe revealed that additional assaults had
occurred, though she had difficulty with the concept of time and describing the
duration of the assaults. During a controlled call between Squires and Doe’s
mother, Squires promised it wouldn’t happen again. After his arrest, Squires
admitted his guilt to a fellow inmate and acknowledged Doe’s mental handicap.
The detective requested imposition of an appropriate sentence:
The laws and penalties for crimes such as these were created for this
very purpose, to protect people like [Doe], children, elderly,
handicapped, the most vulnerable in our society.
She lost something she can never get back, your Honor. Her virginity,
innocence and purity in her life. Her life will never be the same.
(Tr. 37.)
Defense counsel presented arguments in favor of sentence mitigation
such as Squires’s 15 years of military service and said that Squires was remorseful.
Squires apologized to the family, asked for forgiveness, and said that he was having
relationship problems with the mother and “selfishly let my feelings affect my
judgment.” (Tr. 42.)
The trial court proceeded with sentencing:
All right. As to each of the three felonies of the third degree, the
defendant will be sentenced to the Lorain Correctional Institution for
48 months. These will run consecutive to each other. It is necessary to
protect the public and punish the offender, it is not disproportionate
and the harm is so great or unusual that a single term does not
adequately reflect the seriousness of the defendant’s conduct.
(Tr. 43.) After imposing the remainder of the sentence, the trial court granted
appeal rights to Squires.
The trial court stated on the record that the imposition of consecutive
sentences is “necessary to protect the public and punish the offender, it is not
disproportionate and the harm is so great or unusual that a single term does not
adequately reflect the seriousness of the defendant’s conduct.” (Tr. 43.)
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
The sentencing entry provides:
The court considered all required factors of the law. The court finds that
prison is consistent with the purpose of R.C. 2929.11. The court
imposes a prison sentence at the Lorain Correctional Institution of 12
year(s). Fel-3: 48 months, fel-3: 48 months, fel-3: 48 months. Counts
to run consecutive to each other. It is necessary to protect the public
and punish the offender, it is not disproportionate and the harm is so
great or unusual that a single term does not adequately reflect the
seriousness of defendant’s conduct.
Journal entry No. 106557075 (Dec. 5, 2018).
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court admonished Squires
stating:
Now, every person in a position of authority/responsibility has an
obligation, and you were in a position of authority in this situation. You
were fully capable, had all your faculties and you preyed on a girl or a
woman that was mentally impaired.
In the movie A Few Good Men there’s a line at the end of the movie that
says — when they are charged from the — discharged from the Marines
Corps for actions unbecoming a Marine — that they failed their
responsibility to protect those who couldn’t protect themselves.
And that’s what you did. She couldn’t protect herself. You took
advantage of that. You failed to do that. You’re a military person. You
did that. That was the goal of your life is to protect people who couldn’t
defend themselves.
He’s remanded.
(Tr. 45.)
While a “word-for-word recitation of the language of”
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) “is not required,” the “reviewing court” must be able to “discern
that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis” to “impose consecutive
sentences” and that the findings are properly incorporated in the sentencing entry.
Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, at ¶ 29.
We find that the trial court made the first finding under
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) that consecutive sentences are “necessary to protect the public
and punish the offender.” (Tr. 43.) However, we determine that the remaining
findings are incomplete.
The second finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) is that “consecutive
sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and
to the danger that the offender poses to the public.” The trial court stated that
consecutive sentences are “not disproportionate.” (Tr. 43.)
The third finding applicable in the instant case under
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b) is that:
At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or
more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the
courses of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s
conduct.
Id.
In order to find that two offenses were part of a single course of
conduct, a trial court “‘must * * * discern some connection, common scheme, or
some pattern or psychological thread that ties [the offenses] together.’” (Brackets
sic.) State v. Sapp, 105 Ohio St. 3d 104, 2004-Ohio-7008, 822 N.E.2d 1239,
syllabus, quoting State v. Cummings, 332 N.C. 487, 422 S.E.2d 692 (1992). A course
of conduct may be established by factual links such as time, location, weapon, cause
of death, or similar motivation. State v. Short, 129 Ohio St. 3d 360, 2011-Ohio- 3641,
952 N.E.2d 1121, ¶ 144, citing Sapp at syllabus; see also State v. Ramey, 2d Dist.
Clark No. 2014-CA-127, 2015-Ohio-5389, 55 N.E.3d 542, ¶ 87; State v. Lambert, 2d
Dist. Champaign No. 2018-CA-28, 2019-Ohio-2837, ¶ 33.
The trial court stated that “the harm is so great or unusual that a
single term does not adequately reflect the seriousness of the defendant’s conduct.”
(Tr. 43.) However, the court did not address the initial portion of
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b) that “[a]t least two of the multiple offenses were committed
as part of one or more courses of conduct.”
The sentencing journal entry provides that the imposition of
consecutive sentences “is necessary to protect the public and punish the offender, it
is not disproportionate and the harm is so great or unusual that a single term does
not adequately reflect the seriousness of defendant’s conduct.” Journal entry
No. 106557075 (Dec. 5, 2018). “The proper findings must also be properly
incorporated in the sentencing entry. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St. 3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177,
16 N.E.3d 659, at ¶ 37. The entry contains the same deficiencies that we determined
occurred during sentencing.
We find that the four-year sentence for each of the third-degree
felonies is within the sentencing range. A sentence is not contrary to law where it
falls within the statutory range for the offense. Paulino, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 104198, 2017-Ohio-15, at ¶ 30. However, the imposition of consecutive
sentences is contrary to law under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) where the appellate court
clearly and convincingly finds that “the record does not support the trial court’s
findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).” Morris, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104013, 2016-
Ohio-7614, 73 N.E.3d 1010, at ¶ 24. Thus, we vacate the sentence on that basis.
In accord with our findings, Squires’s sentence is vacated and
remanded to the trial court for resentencing. If the trial court determines at the
resentencing hearing that consecutive sentences are appropriate under
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), the trial court shall “make the required findings on the record
and incorporate those findings in the sentencing journal entry in accordance with
Bonnell.” State v. Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102549, 2015-Ohio-4764, ¶ 30.
III. Conclusion
The sentence is vacated, and the case is remanded for resentencing.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
_________________________________
ANITA LASTER MAYS, PRESIDING JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., and
RAYMOND C. HEADEN, J., CONCUR