State v. Robinson , 2021 Ohio 2572 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Robinson, 2021-Ohio-2572.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 20AP-562
v. : (C.P.C. No. 18CR-3705)
Marvin R. Robinson, : (ACCELERATED CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on July 27, 2021
On brief: [G. Gary Tyack], Prosecuting Attorney, and
Sheryl L. Prichard, for appellee.
On brief: Marvin R. Robinson, pro se.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
KLATT, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Marvin R. Robinson, pro se, appeals a judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying his motion to correct an unlawful
sentence. For the following reasons, we affirm.
{¶ 2} In 2019, the jury found appellant guilty of attempted murder and felonious
assault, each with a three-year firearm specification. The trial court found appellant guilty
of the RVO specification that attached to each of those two counts, as well as having a
weapon while under disability. The felonious assault count and its specifications merged
into the attempted murder count and specifications, and the trial court sentenced appellant
to an aggregate 24 years in prison.
No. 20AP-562 2
{¶ 3} Appellant appealed his convictions to this court, urging that the verdicts were
against the manifest weight of the evidence and that the trial court erred in denying his
Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal. We rejected appellant's challenges and affirmed his
convictions. State v. Robinson, 10th Dist. No. 19AP-472, 2020-Ohio-3557. The Supreme
Court of Ohio declined discretionary review. State v. Robinson, 160 Ohio St.3d 1448,
2020-Ohio-5169.
{¶ 4} On November 4, 2020, appellant filed in the trial court a "Motion to correct
unlawful sentence pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(D)(2)(a)(B)(ii) [and] R.C. 2941.25(a)(B)." (Sic
passim). Appellant argued that he was unlawfully sentenced to an additional 10-year prison
term on the RVO specification because his prior felony convictions occurred outside the 20-
year time limit set forth in R.C. 2929.14(B)(2)(b). Plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, opposed
the motion, arguing that it: (1) was a nullity, as trial courts cannot reconsider their own
valid final judgments in criminal cases; (2) was an untimely, procedurally barred petition
for postconviction relief; (3) was barred by res judicata; and (4) failed on the merits.
{¶ 5} On November 17, 2020, the trial court issued a decision and entry denying
appellant's motion without analysis. Appellant has timely appealed the trial court's
judgment.
{¶ 6} Preliminarily, we note that appellant's brief does not set forth assignments of
error. Pursuant to App.R. 16(A)(3), an appellant's brief must contain "[a] statement of the
assignments of error presented for review, with reference to the place in the record where
each error is reflected." Assignments of error are critical because appellate courts
determine each appeal "on its merits on the assignments of error set forth in the briefs
under App.R. 16." App.R. 12(A)(1)(b). " 'This court rules on assignments of error, not mere
arguments.' " Hamid v. Univ. Manors, Ltd., 10th Dist. No. 20AP-74, 2021-Ohio-2115, ¶ 16,
quoting Huntington Natl. Bank v. Burda, 10th Dist. No. 08AP-658, 2009-Ohio-1752, ¶ 21,
citing App.R. 12(A)(1)(b). Thus, without assignments of error, an appellate court has
nothing to review. Id., citing Luke v. Roubanes, 10th Dist. No. 16AP-766, 2018-Ohio-1065,
¶ 16.
{¶ 7} Because appellant has failed to set forth assignments of error, this court need
not address appellant's arguments in order to affirm the trial court's judgment. Id. at ¶ 17,
citing State v. Botts, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-822, 2013-Ohio-4051, ¶ 9. "Appellate courts have
No. 20AP-562 3
discretion to dismiss appeals that fail to set forth assignments of error." Id., citing
CitiMortgage, Inc. v. Asamoah, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-212, 2012-Ohio-4422, ¶ 5. However,
in the interests of justice, we will address appellant's argument to the extent necessary to
resolve this appeal.
{¶ 8} Essentially, appellant argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion
to vacate the sentence imposed on the RVO specification. Although the trial court did not
set forth its grounds for denying the motion, we must affirm the trial court's judgment if
there are any valid grounds to support it. State v. Neguse, 10th Dist. No. 20AP-275, 2021-
Ohio-2245, ¶ 11, citing Schottenstein, Zox & Dunn, LPA v. C.J. Mahan Constr. Co., LLC,
10th Dist. No. 08AP-851, 2009-Ohio-3616, ¶ 16, citing Joyce v. Gen. Motors Corp., 49 Ohio
St.3d 93, 96 (1990).
{¶ 9} We find no error in the trial court's decision denying appellant's motion.
Appellant's contention that the trial court's alleged sentencing error renders his sentence
void and subject to collateral attack lacks merit. In State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480,
2020-Ohio-2913, the Supreme Court of Ohio recently "realign[ed]" its void-sentence
jurisprudence and returned to "the traditional understanding of what constitutes a void
judgment." Id. at ¶ 4. The court stated that "[a] sentence is void when a sentencing court
lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter of the case or personal jurisdiction over the
accused." Id. at ¶ 42. When a sentencing court has jurisdiction to act, sentencing errors
render the sentence "voidable, not void, and [the sentence] is not subject to collateral
attack." Id. at ¶ 5. "[I]f a judgment is voidable, the doctrine of res judicata bars a party
from raising and litigating in any proceeding, except a direct appeal, claims that could have
been raised in the trial court." State v. Henderson, 161 Ohio St.3d 285, 2020-Ohio-4784,
¶ 19, citing State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus.
{¶ 10} In the present case, the trial court had subject-matter jurisdiction over
appellant's case and personal jurisdiction over appellant. See Harper at ¶ 25, quoting Smith
v. Sheldon, 157 Ohio St.3d 1, 2019-Ohio-1677, ¶ 8 (stating that " 'a common pleas court has
subject-matter jurisdiction over felony cases' "); Henderson at ¶ 36, citing Tari v. State, 117
Ohio St. 481, 490 (1927) (noting that "[i]n a criminal matter, the court acquires jurisdiction
over a person by lawfully issued process, followed by the arrest and arraignment of the
accused and his plea to the charge"). As such, any error in the exercise of the trial court's
No. 20AP-562 4
jurisdiction rendered appellant's sentence voidable, not void. State v. Thompson, 10th Dist.
No. 19AP-359, 2020-Ohio-6756, ¶ 12.
{¶ 11} Appellant could have, but did not, raise an argument regarding his sentence
on the RVO specification at the time he was sentenced or in his direct appeal. As appellant's
sentence for the RVO specification was not void, res judicata bars appellant's claims in the
present appeal. See State v. Hopson, 5th Dist. No. 2018CA00109, 2018-Ohio-4552; State
v. Roberts, 1st Dist. No. C-190570, 2020 Ohio App. LEXIS 2413; State v. Ibn-Ford, 9th
Dist. No. C.A. 27380, 2015-Ohio-753.
{¶ 12} Based on the foregoing, the judgment of the Franklin County Court of
Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
DORRIAN, P.J., & BROWN, J., concur.