In Re: Order Amending Rule 237.3 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure ( 2016 )

Rule 237.3 Relief from Judgment of [Non Pros] Non Pros or by Default
(a) A petition for relief from a judgment of [non pros] non pros or of default
entered pursuant to Rule 237.1 shall have attached thereto a [verified] copy of the
complaint, preliminary objections, or answer which the petitioner seeks leave to file.
(b)(1) If the petition is filed within ten days after the entry of [the] a judgment of
non pros on the docket, the court shall open the judgment if the proposed complaint [or
answer] states a meritorious cause of action [or defense].
(2) If the petition is filed within ten days after the entry of a default
judgment on the docket, the court shall open the judgment if one or more of the
proposed preliminary objections has merit or the proposed answer states a
meritorious defense.
Note: Rule 236 requires the prothonotary to give notice of the entry
of any judgment and to note in the docket the giving of the notice.
The petitioner must act with reasonable diligence to see that
the petition is promptly presented to the court if required by local
practice.
[See] See Schultz v. Erie Insurance Exchange, [505 Pa. 90,]
477 A.2d 471 (Pa. 1984) for the requirements for opening a
judgment by default and [Pa.R.C.P.] Rule 3051 as to a judgment of
[non pros] non pros. Rule 237.3 does not change the law of
opening judgments. Rather, the rule supplies two of the three
requisites for opening such judgments by presupposing that a
petition filed as provided by the rule is timely and with reasonable
explanation or legitimate excuse for the inactivity or delay resulting
in the entry of the judgment. The requirement of this rule for
proceeding within ten days is not intended to set a standard for
timeliness in circumstances outside this rule.
[A defendant who seeks to file a pleading other than an
answer is not entitled to the benefit of this rule but must
comply with the requirements of Schultz v. Erie Insurance
Exchange, supra.]
[See] See Rules 206.1 through 206.7 governing petition
practice.
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Explanatory Comment—1994
[Rule 237.3. Relief from Judgment of Non Pros or by Default.]
Rule 237.3 governs relief from a judgment by default or of [non pros] non pros.
Subdivision (a) requires that a [verified] copy of the complaint, preliminary
objections, or answer sought to be filed be attached to the petition for relief from the
judgment. This enables the court to determine from the actual complaint, preliminary
objections, or answer to be filed whether [it] the complaint alleges a meritorious
cause of action, one or more of the preliminary objections has merit, or the answer
alleges a meritorious defense.
Subdivision (b) eases the burden of a party against whom judgment has been
entered and who moves promptly for relief from that judgment. If the petitioner files a
petition for relief from [the] a judgment of non pros within ten days after entry of the
judgment on the docket, the rule requires the court to open the judgment if the proposed
complaint [or answer] states a meritorious cause of action [or defense]. If the
petitioner files a petition for relief from a default judgment within ten days after
entry of the judgment on the docket, the rule requires the court to open the
judgment if one or more of the proposed preliminary objections has merit or the
proposed answer states a meritorious defense. The rule provides a date certain
from which to measure the ten-day period and the language establishing the beginning
of that period is derived from Rule 1308 governing appeals in compulsory arbitration.
Case law has imposed three requirements for opening a judgment by default: a
petition timely filed, a reasonable explanation or legitimate excuse for the inactivity or
delay and a showing of a meritorious defense. Rule of Civil Procedure 3051 similarly
states these three requisites for opening a judgment of [non pros] non pros,
substituting the showing of a meritorious cause of action rather than a meritorious
defense. Rule 237.3(b) presumes that a petition filed within the required ten-day period
is both timely and with reasonable explanation or legitimate excuse for the inactivity or
delay. In this context, subdivision (b) requires that the judgment be opened if the
petitioner attaches to the petition a [verified] complaint which states a meritorious
cause of action, one or more preliminary objections which has merit, or an answer
which states a meritorious [cause of action or] defense. A note to the rule cautions
that the rule is not intended to change the law relating to the opening of judgments in
any way or to impose a new standard of timeliness in cases outside the limited
circumstances set forth in the rule.
Illustrations
In illustrations 1 through 3, the defendant has failed to plead within the required
time to a complaint containing a notice to plead.
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1. Prior to receiving a notice of intention to enter a default judgment,
defendant seeks an agreement with the plaintiff for an extension of time in which to
plead. The parties may certainly agree to an extension of time and proceed in
accordance with their agreement. However, such an agreement is really unnecessary
since the plaintiff cannot enter judgment without giving the ten-day notice required by
the rule and the ten-day notice cannot be waived. Defendant may plead within the time
up to the date of mailing or delivery of the notice plus ten days. This period of time may
be more than might be provided by any agreement. In addition, there is no danger of a
judgment being entered as the required notice has not been given.
2. Defendant has received the ten-day notice but cannot file the pleading
within the ten-day period. Now, as provided by Rule 237.2, it is appropriate to seek an
agreement to extend the time in which to plead since the plaintiff has given the notice
which is prerequisite to the entry of judgment and actual entry of the judgment is
imminent.
3. Defendant has received the ten-day notice and obtained an agreement
extending the time to plead. However, defendant does not plead within the agreed time.
Plaintiff may enter judgment by default without further notice as provided by Rule 237.2
and the form of agreement set forth in Rule 237.6.
In illustrations 4 [through 6] and 5, the plaintiff has entered a valid judgment by
default against the defendant and the prothonotary has entered the judgment in the
docket and noted the date thereof. Thereafter, the defendant files a petition to open the
judgment.
4. The defendant files the petition to open the judgment within ten days of
the date on which the prothonotary entered the judgment on the docket and seeks leave
to file the answer attached to the petition. The defendant is entitled to the benefit of Rule
237.3(b)(2) by timely filing the petition and attaching an answer. Rule 237.3(b)(2)
requires the court to open the judgment upon the defendant demonstrating to the court
that the filing of the petition was within the ten-day period and that the answer attached
to the petition states a meritorious defense.
[5. The defendant files the petition to open the judgment within ten days
of the date on which the prothonotary enters the judgment on the docket and
seeks leave to file the preliminary objections attached to the petition. The
defendant is not entitled to the benefit of Rule 237.3(b) because, although the
petition is timely filed, the rule does not provide for preliminary objections to be
attached to the petition. A defendant who wishes to file preliminary objections
upon the opening of a judgment must proceed pursuant to case law and meet the
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standards set forth in Schultz v. Erie Insurance Exchange, 505 Pa. 90, 477 A.2d
471 (1984), cited in the note to the rule.]
[6] 5. The defendant files a petition to open the judgment more than ten days
after the date of entry of the judgment on the docket. The petition to open is not within
the scope of Rule 237.3(b) which requires that the petition be ‘‘filed within ten days after
the entry of the judgment on the docket’’. The defendant must proceed pursuant to case
law and meet the standards of Schultz v. Erie Insurance Exchange, [505 Pa. 90,] 477
A.2d 471 (Pa. 1984).
Although these illustrations use the example of the entry of a judgment by default
and a petition to open the judgment, they are adaptable and thus equally applicable to
the entry of a judgment of non pros for failure to file a complaint and a petition to open
such a judgment.
[Explanatory Comment -- 2001
The amendment to the Note clarifies the procedure when a defendant, upon
the opening of a default judgment, intends to file preliminary objections, a
pleading not encompassed by this rule. Contrary to the holding of the
Commonwealth Court in Peters Township Sanitary Auth. v. American Home and
Land Dev. Co., 696 A.2d 899 (Cmwlth Ct. 1997), preliminary objections are not an
appropriate attachment to a petition to open a default judgment under Rule 237.3.
Clarifying amendments have been made to the 1994 Explanatory
Comment.]
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