Borough of Pottstown v. S. Suber-Aponte ( 2021 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Borough of Pottstown :
:
v. :
: No. 1416 C.D. 2019
Shanicqua Suber-Aponte, : No. 1417 C.D. 2019
Appellant : Submitted: March 19, 2021
BEFORE: HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY FILED: May 7, 2021
Shanicqua Suber-Aponte (Requester), pro se, appeals from the
Montgomery County Common Pleas Court’s (trial court) August 13, 2019 orders
denying Requester’s Motion to Compel the Borough of Pottstown (Borough) to
Produce the Entire Video as Instructed in the Remand Order (Motion to Compel),
and affirming its November 21, 2016 order that all of the October 4, 2015
surveillance videos are exempt from disclosure pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2)
and (3) of the Right-to-Know Law (RTKL),1 65 P.S. § 708(b)(1)(ii) (personal
security), (2) (public safety), and (3) (safety or physical security of building). There
are five issues before this Court: (1) whether Requester’s appeal is timely; (2)
whether the trial court erred by not granting Requester’s Motion to Compel; (3)
whether the trial court erred by not following this Court’s remand order; (4) whether
the trial court erred by not imposing sanctions on the Borough for spoliation of
1
Act of February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, 65 P.S. §§ 67.101-67.3104.
evidence; and (5) whether the trial court showed bias by not issuing sanctions on the
Borough. After review, this Court affirms in part and reverses in part.
Background
On November 25, 2015, Requester submitted an RTKL request
(Request) to the Borough seeking a copy of police video footage (footage) taken on
October 4, 2015, of herself from the time she was brought into the Borough’s police
department (Department) and all activity at the Department that day. On January 4,
2016,2 the Borough denied the Request, stating that the footage was exempt from
disclosure under Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2), (3), (16) (criminal investigation) and (17)
(noncriminal investigation) of the RTKL,3 and Sections 9102 (investigative
information defined) and 9106 (investigative information) of the Criminal History
Record Information Act (CHRIA).4 The Borough also maintained that the Request
lacked specificity as required by Section 703 of the RTKL.5
On January 13, 2016, Requester appealed to the Pennsylvania Office of
Open Records (OOR), challenging the Borough’s denial. The OOR allowed both
parties to supplement the record. By January 25, 2016 letter, the Borough submitted
a response with references to the RTKL and an affidavit by Borough Police Chief F.
Richard Drumheller (Drumheller) (Affidavit). Requester did not supplement the
record. The matter was stayed pending resolution of Rothey v. California Borough
(OOR Docket No. AP 2015-1925, issued June 15, 2016) (relating to whether police
2
The Borough invoked a 30-day response extension under Section 902(b)(2) of the RTKL,
65 P.S. § 67.902(b)(2).
3
65 P.S. § 67.708(b)(16)-(17).
4
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 9102, 9106.
5
65 P.S. § 67.703.
2
department footage of a confrontation between police and a detainee in a holding
cell was a public record),6 which case involved a similar request.
On July 15, 2016, the OOR issued its final determination (Final
Determination) granting Requester’s appeal and ordering the Borough to produce
the footage because the Borough did not meet its burden to show that the footage
was investigative, or that disclosure of the footage would threaten personal security,
public safety, or the security of the Department. The OOR also found the Request
to be sufficiently specific.
On August 15, 2016, the Borough appealed to the trial court. The trial
court held a hearing on September 16, 2016, which neither Requester nor the
Borough attended. On November 21, 2016, the trial court issued its Findings of Fact
and Order, holding therein that the Request was insufficiently specific, and that the
Borough established by a preponderance of the evidence that the footage is exempt
from disclosure under the RTKL’s personal security, public safety, building
safety/security, and/or criminal and noncriminal investigation exceptions.
Requester filed a Notice of Appeal (Appeal) with the Pennsylvania Superior Court
on December 15, 2016. By March 3, 2017 Order, the Superior Court transferred the
Appeal to this Court.
On January 8, 2019, this Court affirmed the portion of the trial court’s
November 21, 2016 order denying Requester’s recusal demand; reversed the portion
of the trial court’s order denying Requester’s Request as insufficiently specific;
6
In Rothey, the OOR declared that the video recording was not exempt from disclosure
because the borough’s evidence was merely speculative. The Washington County Common Pleas
Court agreed with the OOR. On appeal, this Court reversed the Washington County Common
Pleas Court’s order, concluding that although the video recording was not exempt from disclosure
under the RTKL’s security-related exemptions (e.g., Section 708(b)(1)-(3) of the RTKL, 65 P.S.
§ 67.708(b)(1)-(3)), it was exempt under the RTKL’s criminal and noncriminal investigation
exceptions (e.g., Section 708(b)(16) and (17) of the RTKL) and CHRIA. See Cal. Borough v.
Rothey, 185 A.3d 456 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018).
3
vacated the portions of the trial court’s order exempting disclosure on personal
security, public safety, building security, and criminal and noncriminal investigation
grounds; and remanded the case to the trial court to determine which specific
portions of the footage related to or resulted from the Department’s personal
security, public safety, building security, and criminal and noncriminal
investigation. See Borough of Pottstown v. Suber-Aponte, 202 A.3d 173 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2019).
Facts
The trial court conducted its remand hearing on April 1, 2019, at which
Requester withdrew her Request for the bulk of the footage originally requested.
Following the hearing, Requester questioned whether all of the footage in which she
was visible had been shown. The next day, the Borough’s counsel (Counsel) made
further inquiries and, that day, informed the trial court that some additional footage
had been located. The trial court scheduled a second remand hearing for August 13,
2019. On August 12, 2019, Requester filed the Motion to Compel, wherein,
Requester recounted the April 1, 2019 hearing and the facts concerning the location
of additional security cameras, and again questioned whether all of the footage had
been found. Requester also related that Counsel had informed her that the new
footage did not show her being assaulted. Requester further declared that she would
not attend the hearing. Requester asked the trial court to impose sanctions on the
Borough because portions of the security footage had either been destroyed or was
being withheld.
On August 13, 2019, the trial court denied the Motion to Compel. Also
on August 13, 2019, the trial court determined that all of the October 4, 2015 footage
was exempt from disclosure pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (3) of the
4
RTKL. Requester appealed from both August 13, 2019 orders to this Court.7 On
August 20, 2020, this Court consolidated the appeals. Because it appeared that
Requester filed her appeals on September 16, 2019, by August 25, 2020 order, this
Court directed the parties to address in their principal briefs on the merits, or in an
appropriate motion, whether the consolidated appeals were timely.8
Timeliness of Appeal
The Borough argues: “The trial court docketed its order[s] on August
14, 2019. [Requester] did not file her appeal[s] until September 16, 2019, thirty-
three (33) days later[;]” therefore, Requester’s appeal should be quashed. Borough
Br. at 7 (citation omitted). However, although Requester’s appeal was time-stamped
September 16, 2019, it was electronically filed and marked received by the
Montgomery County Common Pleas Court (Common Pleas)9 on September 13,
7
This Court’s “review of a trial court’s order in a[n] RTKL dispute is
‘limited to determining whether findings of fact are supported by
competent evidence or whether the trial court committed an error of
law, or an abuse of discretion in reaching its decision.’” Butler Area
Sch. Dist. v. Pennsylvanians for Union Reform, 172 A.3d 1173,
1178 n.7 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2017) (quoting Kaplin v. Lower Merion
Twp., 19 A.3d 1209, 1213 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2011)). “The scope of
review for a question of law under the [RTKL] is plenary.” SWB
Yankees LLC v. Wintermantel, 999 A.2d 672, 674 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2010) (quoting Stein v. Plymouth Twp., 994 A.2d 1179, 1181 n.4
(Pa. Cmwlth. 2010), aff’d, . . . 45 A.3d 1029 ([Pa.] 2012)).
Suber-Aponte, 202 A.3d at 178 n.8.
8
Notwithstanding, Requester did not address the untimeliness issue in her brief. However,
the timeliness of an appeal is a jurisdictional issue, and “[l]ack of . . . jurisdiction of a court . . . to
act in a matter is an issue that [] can[not] be waived by the parties[.]” Martin v. Zoning Hearing
Bd. of W. Vincent Twp., 230 A.3d 540, 544 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2020) (emphasis omitted) (quoting
Greenberger v. Pa. Ins. Dep’t, 39 A.3d 625, 629 n.5 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2012) (citation omitted)).
Accordingly, Requester’s failure to address the timeliness issue is of no moment because this Court
must do so.
9
This Court refers to the Montgomery County Common Pleas Court as Common Pleas to
distinguish it from the trial court.
5
2019.10 See Original Record (O.R.) at 6711 (“Thank you for your payment. Your
transaction confirmation number is 3727952. The filings below [two appeals] were
received by Montgomery County at 9/13/2019 7:04:20 P[.]M.”) (emphasis added).
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure (Rule) 902 provides:
An appeal permitted by law as of right from a lower court
to an appellate court shall be taken by filing a notice of
appeal with the clerk of the lower court within the time
allowed by Rule 903 (time for appeal). Failure of an
appellant to take any step other than the timely filing
of a notice of appeal does not affect the validity of the
appeal, but it is subject to such action as the appellate
court deems appropriate, which may include, but is not
limited to, remand of the matter to the lower court so that
the omitted procedural step may be taken.
Pa.R.A.P. 902 (emphasis added); see also Moyer v. PPL Elec. Utils. Corp. (Pa.
Cmwlth. No. 587 C.D. 2019, filed October 23, 2020), slip op. at 912 (“The
prothonotary’s correspondence to [appellant], dated May 2, 2019, demonstrates that
10
The Montgomery County Prothonotary[’s] Office has developed an
electronic case filing system (e-filing) allowing attorneys and parties
to electronically file civil documents and receive a response
regarding the status of their filing(s).
Electronic filing allows the filer to send documents 24/7 from any
location with Internet access up until 11:59 p.m. and still meet a
filing deadline. The system is not mandatory. Pleadings and other
legal papers can still be filed in the traditional manner by delivery
to the courthouse during normal business hours.
https://egov.montcopa.org/2210/Electronic-Filing (last visited Apr. 9, 2021).
11
Because the pages of the trial court’s original record are not numbered, the page numbers
referenced herein reflect electronic pagination.
12
Pursuant to Section 414(a) of this Court’s Internal Operating Procedures, 210 Pa. Code
§ 69.414(a), an unreported panel decision of this Court issued after January 15, 2008, may be cited
for its persuasive value, but not as binding precedent. The unreported opinions cited herein are
cited for their persuasive value.
6
[appellant’s] notice of appeal was timely received in the trial court. A defect in
the form of an incorrect filing fee did not justify refusal to docket the timely
notice of appeal.”) (emphasis added; footnote omitted); In re Ramirez (Pa. Cmwlth.
Nos. 977, 1009 C.D. 2018, filed August 7, 2018), slip op. at 12-13 (“In reviewing
whether [appellant] made a good faith effort and took reasonable steps to
electronically file, it is apparent to this Court that [appellant’s] initial filing on July
2, 2018, was sufficient under [Rule] 902, relating to manner of taking an appeal[;]”
“[w]e emphasize that the fact that [appellant] electronically filed the notice of
appeal does not in any way alter the analysis under [Rule] 902.”) (emphasis
added).
Here, Common Pleas rejected Requester’s appeal stating: “Reason for
rejection: Re-File You must use the filing type ‘Notice of Appeal and Service of
Notice [] [.]’” O.R. at 66. Failure to use the correct “filing type,” O.R. at 66, “does
not affect the validity of the appeal[.]” Pa.R.A.P. 902. Accordingly, because
Requester’s notice of appeal was received by Common Pleas on September 13, 2019,
which was 30 days after the trial court orders were docketed, her appeals were
timely.
Motion to Compel13
Requester argues that the trial court erred by not granting Requester’s
Motion to Compel, wherein Requester stated, in relevant part:
13
The trial court opined that Requester’s appeal from its order should be quashed because
it is interlocutory. However, because Requester also appealed from the trial court’s order
addressing this Court’s remand Order, and this Court consolidated the appeals, the order denying
the Motion to Compel is now ripe for review, thereby rendering the appealability of that order
moot. See Duquesne City Sch. Dist. v. Comensky (Pa. Cmwlth. No. 1587 C.D. 2010, filed February
24, 2012), slip op. at 5 (“‘Once an appeal is filed from a final order, all prior interlocutory orders
become reviewable.’ In re Bridgeport Fire Litigation, 8 A.3d 1270, 1278 (Pa. Super. 2010)
(quoting Rohm [&] Haas Co. v. Lin, 992 A.2d 132, 149 (Pa. Super. 2010)).”).
7
On April 1, 2019[,] there was a hearing held concerning
[Requester’s Request] that was granted by the [OOR] and
then appealed to [the trial c]ourt by [the Borough], which
was overturned by [the trial court]. The [Borough] then
appealed this reversal to the Commonwealth Court, who
[sic] the[n] reversed and remanded [] to [the trial court].
The [Borough] came with [the] video, and after hours of
review I stated to [the trial judge] that there were parts of
the video that were missing. [Counsel] swore on the
record that this was all [of] the video.
....
On April 4, 2019[,] [Counsel] then submitted a letter to
[the trial court] stating that there was in fact more video. I
called [Counsel] and asked was the ‘assault’ on there and
he said no. He said the additional footage that was ‘found’
only showed me being handcuffed. I advised [Counsel]
that it was impossible for them to ‘find’ that footage and
not the other because it all occurred in the same room
while I was handcuffed.
....
I ask the [trial] court to COMPEL the [Borough] to show
[the] entire video. What they are doing is illegal and
unethical. I also ask the [trial] court to impose sanctions
for their actions. They withheld this video during a
criminal trial, when they were legally obligated to release
it, despite the horrible actions of the police officers that it
would have revealed. It is clear that they have either
destroyed the video or simply refuses [sic] for it to be
viewed, which is a violation of the Commonwealth Court
[O]rder.
O.R. at 55-56. The Borough rejoins that the trial court properly denied the Motion
to Compel after Requester failed to appear at the hearing and did not present any
evidence in support of her allegations.
This Court has explained: “It is beyond peradventure that the trial court,
sitting as the fact-finder, is free to believe all, part[,] or none of the evidence, to make
8
all credibility determinations, and to resolve all conflicts in the evidence.” Laurel
Rd. Homeowners Ass’n, Inc. v. Freas, 191 A.3d 938, 952 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018).
In the Borough’s brief, Counsel maintains that the conversation referred
to in the Motion to Compel between Requester and Counsel never occurred. The
August 13, 2019 hearing transcript reveals that the Borough presented the last of the
found footage. As Requester did not appear at the August 13, 2019 hearing, she did
not see the footage presented or object to Counsel’s representation. Based on the
evidence before it, the trial court as fact-finder found that it “ha[d] reviewed all the
videos remaining after [Requester] modified her [Request,]” and that it was
“exempt[] from disclosure under the [RTKL] based upon [Section] 708(b)(1)(ii) . . .
708(b)(2) . . . and . . . 708(b)(3) [of the RTKL].” Trial Ct. Op. (1416 C.D. 2019) at
5 (emphasis added). “This Court . . . cannot upset the trial court’s credibility
determinations or reweigh the evidence to reach a finding contrary to the trial court.”
Freas, 191 A.3d at 952. Accordingly, this Court will not disturb the trial court’s
denial of the Motion to Compel.
Remand Order
Requester argues that an agency must offer more than speculation or
conjecture to establish the security-related exceptions under the RTKL. The
Borough failed to satisfy its burden of proving that the video recording is exempt
from disclosure under the RTKL’s security-related exceptions because its evidence
consisted of mere speculation. The Borough rejoins that, based upon its review of
the surveillance footage, the former police chief’s uncontroverted testimony at the
initial hearing, and the current police chief’s uncontroverted testimony at the remand
hearing, the trial court properly concluded that the footage was exempt pursuant to
the RTKL’s threat to personal safety and security, public safety, and physical
security of a building exemptions.
9
In January 2019, this Court remanded this matter specifically for the
trial court: (1) “to examine the footage to determine which cameras capture secure
areas of the Department referenced by [the then police chief] as posing a security
risk to the Department’s officers, law enforcement, staff, the general public and other
detainees[;]” (2) “to determine which parts of the footage [capture the armory or
other secure locations within the Department], and are thus exempt under Section
708(b)(2) of the RTKL[;]” and (3) “to determine which camera footage [implicates
building security concerns, and is thus] exempt under Section 708(b)(3) of the
RTKL.”14 Suber-Aponte, 202 A.3d at 183-84.
On remand, the trial court acknowledged:
[Requester] agreed she was no longer requesting to obtain
parts of the [footage] in which she was not shown. She
also agreed that she was no longer seeking to obtain any
[footage] which showed her after she left the police
station. [Requester’s] agreement significantly limited her
request for the [footage].
Trial Ct. Op. (1417 C.D. 2019) at 6. The trial court opined:
The review of the [footage] and the evidence, including
testimony of the police chiefs presented by [the Borough,]
led th[e trial c]ourt to the conclusion that all of the
[footage] sought [was] exempted from disclosure under
the [RTKL] based upon [Section] 708(b)(1)(ii) (personal
security), and . . . (b)(2) (public safety) and . . . (b)(3)
(safety or physical security of building). Therefore, based
on these exemptions, the order denying the [Request] for
the [footage], as modified by [Requester’s] agreement,
was properly denied.
Id. at 7.
14
This Court also remanded in January 2019 for the trial court “to determine which specific
portions of the footage related to or resulted from the police department’s criminal and noncriminal
investigations.” Suber-Aponte, 202 A.3d at 186. However, the trial court did not exempt any of
the footage based on Section 708(b)(16) and (17) of the RTKL or CHRIA on remand.
10
Given the above, it is unclear how the entirety of the remaining footage
falls squarely within the RTKL’s exemptions for the Department’s personal security,
public safety and building security. However, it is clear that Requester is seeking a
specific portion of footage showing her being assaulted, which apparently does not
exist or, at the very least, is not in the Borough’s custody. The trial court was
directed to examine the footage to determine which cameras captured secure areas
of the Department referenced by the then police chief as posing a security risk
to the Department’s officers, law enforcement, staff, the general public and
other detainees; to determine which parts of the footage captured the armory or
other secure locations within the Department, and are thus exempt under Section
708(b)(2) of the RTKL; and to determine which camera footage implicated
building security concerns, and is thus exempt under Section 708(b)(3) of the
RTKL. Although the trial court made no such findings after the remand hearings,
another remand for further clarification will not benefit this Court or Requester.
Further support that remanding the case would be futile is the fact that,
at the August 13, 2019 hearing, Counsel clarified for the record that the footage
presented at the remand hearing was the same footage presented during the criminal
trial. See Notes of Testimony, August 13, 2019 (N.T.) at 20; N.T. Ex. P-2 (May 24,
2019 letter from the Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office); see also N.T.
Ex. P-3 (corresponding compact disc containing the surveillance footage). Thus,
Requester has not only viewed all available footage, but she received a copy thereof
during discovery preceding her criminal trial. See id.
This Court is troubled by the fact that the trial court viewed the entire
footage in open court as opposed to in camera. The trial court’s public viewing is
especially disturbing given the testimony by both police chiefs that the footage
should be exempt due to security and safety issues of the Department, its personnel,
and the public. This Court is further perplexed as to how the footage can be exempt
11
under Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (3) of the RTKL, yet given to Requester and
viewed in public by the trial court.
For all of the above reasons, while this Court acknowledges the
exemptions are in place for legitimate safety/security concerns, those purposes have
been undermined by disclosure, and therefore, belie the basis for the exemptions to
apply in this instance. Further, Requester has modified her Request to portions of
the footage which apparently do not exist or, at the very least, are not in the
Borough’s custody. Moreover, with respect to the footage the trial court exempted,
Requester either already possesses it and/or the footage was viewed in open court.
Accordingly, the trial court’s order finding that the modified request is exempt under
Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (3) of the RTKL is reversed.
Sanctions
Requester argues that the trial court erred by not imposing sanctions on
the Borough for spoliation of evidence, and by demonstrating bias by not issuing
said sanctions. Specifically, Requester contends that the trial court should have
issued sanctions upon the Borough when it received the letter stating that the
Borough had not provided all footage to the trial court as ordered by this Court. See
N.T. Ex. P-2. Requester avers that, in the letter, the Borough attempts to justify its
negligence by stating that it was unclear of the meaning of this Court’s Order.
Requester asserts that such an excuse is unacceptable when, as seasoned attorneys,
they knew and had time to file clarification motions prior to the remand hearing.
Requester proclaims that it was not until after Requester informed the Borough of
her intention to call the public defender as a witness that the Borough responded that
it unintentionally withheld footage. The Borough rejoins that it went to great lengths
to both preserve the footage and to ensure that the trial court viewed it in its entirety.
12
This Court has described:
“Spoliation of evidence is the non-preservation or
significant alteration of evidence for pending or future
litigation.” Pyeritz v. Commonwealth, . . . 32 A.3d 687,
692 ([Pa.] 2011). The doctrine of spoliation provides that
a party may not benefit from its own destruction or
withholding of evidence.
“When a party to a suit has been charged with spoliating
evidence in that suit . . . , [our Supreme Court] [has]
allowed trial courts to exercise their discretion to impose
a range of sanctions against the spoliator.” Pyeritz, 32
A.3d at 692 . . . . The decision of whether, and how, to
sanction a party rests within the sound discretion of the
trial court. Thus, when reviewing a court’s decision to
grant or deny a spoliation sanction, we must determine
whether the court abused its discretion.
An abuse of discretion exists when the trial court renders
a judgment that is manifestly unreasonable, arbitrary, or
capricious, has failed to apply the law, or was motivated
by partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will.
King v. Pittsburgh Water & Sewer Auth., 139 A.3d 336, 345 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016)
(citations omitted).
Here, this Court has nothing before it other than Requester’s bare
allegations that the Borough engaged in evidence spoilation. Because Requester did
not appear at the hearing to present evidence in support of her claim, the trial court
properly declined to impose sanctions on the Borough for spoliation of evidence.
This Court cannot conclude that doing so was a result of bias or an abuse of
discretion. Accordingly, the trial court did not err or show bias by declining to
impose sanctions on the Borough.
13
Conclusion
For all of the above reasons, the trial court’s order denying the Motion
to Compel is affirmed, and the trial court’s order declaring the footage exempt under
Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (3) of the RTKL is reversed.
_________________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
14
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Borough of Pottstown :
:
v. :
: No. 1416 C.D. 2019
Shanicqua Suber-Aponte, : No. 1417 C.D. 2019
Appellant :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 7th day of May, 2021, the Montgomery County
Common Pleas Court’s (trial court) August 13, 2019 order denying Shanicqua
Suber-Aponte’s Motion to Compel the Borough of Pottstown to Produce the Entire
Video as Instructed in the Remand Order is AFFIRMED. The trial court’s August
13, 2019 order affirming that all of the October 4, 2015 surveillance videos are
exempt from disclosure pursuant to Section 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and (3) of the Act of
February 14, 2008, P.L. 6, the Right-to-Know Law, 65 P.S. § 708(b)(1)(ii), (2) and
(3), is REVERSED.
_________________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge