E.O. Buxo v. PPB ( 2022 )

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Edwin Omar Buxo, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Parole Board, : No. 1202 C.D. 2020
Respondent : Submitted: January 28, 2022
BEFORE: HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
HONORABLE LORI A. DUMAS, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE FIZZANO CANNON FILED: May 17, 2022
Before the Court is Kent D. Watkins’ (Counsel) second Application to
Withdraw as Counsel (Second Application) from the representation of Edwin Omar
Buxo (Buxo).1 This Court previously denied Counsel’s first Application for Leave
to Withdraw as Counsel (First Application). See Buxo v. Pa. Parole Bd. (Pa.
Cmwlth., No. 1202 C.D. 2020, filed Oct. 22, 2021) (Buxo I). Buxo, through Counsel,
filed a petition for review of the Pennsylvania Parole Board’s (Board) October 30,
2020 decision, which partially denied his request for administrative relief
challenging the recalculation of his parole violation maximum sentence date.
1
We note that Buxo is also identified throughout the certified record as Edwin Omar Buxo-
Rios. See, e.g., Certified Record (C.R.) at 14.
This Court previously described the facts leading up to Counsel’s First
Application as follows:
In 2012, Buxo pleaded guilty to the offense of
carrying a firearm without a license and[, later that year,
he] submitted [] “revocation” [of probation] plea[s] to the
offense of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and a
drug-related offense. [Certified Record (C.R.) at 1.] Buxo
received an aggregate sentence of four to nine years’
imprisonment[, with a controlling maximum date of
September 28, 2020]. [Id. at 1-2.] In 2017, the Board
paroled Buxo to a specialized community corrections
center with violence prevention programming. [Id. at 4-
8.2]
Later that same year, [on December 3, 2017,] the
Board issued a warrant to commit and detain Buxo . . . [due
to his arrest on the same date by the Pennsylvania State
Police in Montgomery County on] various drug-related
charges after he admitted during a traffic stop to having
drugs in his possession. See [C.R. at 13-20. Also on
December 3, 2017, secured bail was set at $10,000, which
was changed to $10,000 unsecured bail on December 13,
2017. Buxo posted bail the following day. Id. at 63, 111.3
By Board order recorded April 24, 2018, Buxo was
detained pending the disposition of the new criminal
charges. Id. at 26. Buxo pled guilty in the Montgomery
County Court of Common Pleas to possession with intent
to deliver a controlled substance on March 23, 2018, and
the remaining charges were nolle prossed. Id. at 27, 42-
43, 64. Buxo was remanded to a state correctional
institution without bail pending his sentencing. Id. at 42-
43. Based on the new criminal conviction the Board
scheduled a parole revocation hearing. Id. at 27.] Buxo
[thereafter] elected to waive the right to a parole
2
Buxo was actually paroled to the community corrections center on March 13, 2017. C.R.
at 8.
3
It appears Buxo was returned to a state correctional institution on December 28, 2017,
and remained incarcerated up through his sentencing. See C.R. at 52, 79.
2
revocation hearing and to assistance of counsel at the
hearing[, and admitted to his new criminal conviction.]
See [id. at 28-30, 54.]
In [May of] 2018, the Board revoked Buxo’s parole
and recommitted him to a state correctional institution as
a convicted parole violator to serve 24 months’ backtime,
pending sentencing on the [new] criminal charge[, in
August 2018]. [C.R. at 51, 57-58, 61.] The Board
calculated a parole violation maximum date of April 3,
2021[, noting it was subject to change pending additional
information]. See [id. at 57-58.] Buxo was subsequently
sentenced [on June 13, 2019,] to 24 months of State
Intermediate Punishment [(SIP)].[4] See [id. at 64, 78.]
4
We explained in Buxo I that “State Intermediate Punishment (SIP) is designed for
individuals convicted of drug-related offenses” and consists of the following:
Under SIP, the inmate will serve a flat sentence of 24 months, at
least [7] of which will be served in[ ]prison, ([4] of them in a
therapeutic community), a minimum of [2] months in a community-
based therapeutic community and a minimum of [6] months in
outpatient treatment. The balance of the 24 months consists of
supervised reintegration into the community, which involves
[Department of Corrections (]DOC[)] staff monitoring their
progress in the community and some additional services or
treatment, based upon their individual needs and progress.
All participants in the SIP program will have an individualized
treatment plan. Progress through the program is based on the
assessed need and attainment of goals established for each
individual. A person who fails in the program, due to misconduct
or poor progress in treatment, will be subject to resentencing by the
court under traditional sentencing guidelines.
Buxo I, slip op. at 3 n.3 (quoting State Intermediate Punishment, PA. DEP’T OF CORR.,
https://www.cor.pa.gov/Inmates/Pages/SIP.aspx (as visited on Oct. 21, 2021)). Notably, SIP is no
longer available as a sentence; rather, SIP is now known as the State Drug Treatment Program,
which is administered by DOC, effective February 17, 2020. See the Act of December 18, 2019,
P.L. 776, No. 115 (Act 115 of 2019); see also id. (Feb. 5, 2020 Memorandum of Acting Chief
Counsel of DOC). However, at the time of Buxo’s sentencing on July 13, 2019, SIP remained a
statutorily authorized sentencing alternative. See former Section 9721(a)(7) of the Sentencing
Code, formerly 42 Pa.C.S. § 9721(a)(7) (repealed).
3
By decision [mailed on June 5, 2020,] the Board
recommitted Buxo as a convicted parole violator to serve
24 months’ backtime, noting a recomputed parole
violation maximum date of June 21, 2021. [C.R. at 82-
83.] The Board refrained from awarding Buxo credit for
time spent at liberty on parole, due to Buxo’s unresolved
drug and/or alcohol issues. Id.[ at 82.] By separate order
[] dated May 26, 2020, the Board granted Buxo 556 days
of backtime credit[ for the periods of December 3, 2017,
through March 23, 2018, and March 24, 2018, through
June 13, 2019]. [Id. at 80.]
On June 9, 2020, the Board received a letter from
Buxo challenging the Board’s recalculation of his parole
violation maximum date as set forth in its [June 5], 2020
decision and asserting that he was entitled to two years,
four months[,] and three days [of] backtime credit. [C.R.
at 84-85, 111.] Buxo also requested legal representation
in the matter. [Id. at 85.] Counsel entered an appearance
by means of a letter received by the Board on June 25,
2020. See [id. at 104.]
By decision mailed October 30, 2020, the Board
responded to Buxo’s request for administrative review,[5]
reversed its [June 5], 2020 decision, in part, and granted
Buxo one additional day of backtime credit for March 23,
2018, thereby modifying Buxo’s parole violation
maximum date to June 20, 2021.[6] [C.R. at 108-11.]
On November 24, 2020, Buxo, through counsel,
petitioned this Court for review of the Board’s October 30,
2020 decision, asserting that the Board failed to give him
credit for all time served exclusively to its warrant. [Pet.
for Rev.] at 1-2, ¶¶ 4-5. Buxo also filed an application for
leave to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to
5
In its decision, the Board stated that it would not consider Buxo’s letters received on June
18, 2020, and August 25, 2020, because they were second or subsequent requests for relief under
the Board’s regulations. C.R. at 111 (citing 37 Pa. Code § 73.1).
6
In so doing, the Board explained that Buxo was entitled to all presentence credit, and thus
557 days instead of only 556 days, because he was sentenced to SIP. C.R. at 111.
4
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 553,[
Pa.R.A.P. 553,] which the Court granted [by order dated
December 2, 2020].
On January 13, 2021, Counsel submitted an
application to withdraw from representation of Buxo,
asserting that his review of the certified record revealed
that Buxo’s appeal is frivolous and lacks merit. [Appl.] to
Withdraw as Counsel, 1/13/[20]21 at [3], ¶¶ 5-7 (citing
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988)).
Counsel also submitted a “no-merit” letter, asserting that
the Board’s denial of credit for time spent by Buxo at
liberty on parole on the basis of Buxo’s unresolved drug
and/or alcohol issues was sufficiently specific. “No-
Merit” Letter[, 1/13/2021] at 5-6 . . . (citing Smoak v.
Talaber, 193 A.3d 1160, 1165 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2018)). Thus,
Counsel concluded on the basis of his “exhaustive
examination of the certified record, and research of
applicable case law,” that Buxo’s appeal from the
revocation of his parole lacked merit. Id. at 6. Counsel
noted that he sent Buxo a copy of the “no-merit” letter in
order to advise him of his right to obtain substitute counsel
or to proceed pro se. Id. at 6-7.
On January 15, 2021, this Court issued an order
stating that it would consider Counsel’s petition for leave
to withdraw as counsel along with the merits of Buxo’s
petition for review. This Court directed that Buxo could,
within 30 days after service of the order on him, either
obtain substitute counsel at his own expense or file a brief
on his own behalf. [] No substitute counsel has entered an
appearance, and Buxo has not filed a brief on his own
behalf.
Buxo I, slip op. at 1-6 (some footnotes and citations omitted).
Ultimately, this Court determined that Counsel’s First Application
failed to address in his “no-merit” letter the sole issue raised in the petition for review
filed by Counsel on behalf of Buxo. See Buxo I, slip op. at 7. We therefore directed
Counsel to file either an amended “no-merit” letter or a brief on the merits of Buxo’s
5
petition for review within 30 days of the date of our decision and order. Counsel
filed his Second Application on November 19, 2021, with a new “no-merit” letter,
which is now before the Court. Therein, Counsel asserts that Buxo’s argument of
Board error for failing to assign credit for time served exclusively on its warrant is
without merit. Amended “No Merit” Letter at 1. Counsel also asserts that Buxo’s
arguments that the Board incorrectly recalculated his maximum sentence date are
also without merit. Id. at 6-7.
As previously noted,
[c]ounsel seeking to withdraw on the basis that petitioner’s
claim lacks merit must, after “zealously” reviewing the
case, submit a “no-merit” letter detailing: (i) the nature and
extent of the counsel’s diligent review; (ii) each issue the
petitioner wished to raise; and (iii) counsel’s explanation
as to why those issues are meritless. Zerby v. Shanon, 964
A.2d 956, 959-60 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009) (citing Turner, 544
A.2d 927). “[C]ounsel must fully comply with the
procedures outlined in Turner to ensure that each of the
petitioner’s claims has been considered and that counsel
has a substantive reason for concluding that those claims
are meritless.” Hont v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 680
A.2d 47, 48 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1996); see also Hughes v. Pa.
Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 977 A.2d 19, 25 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2009) (stating that “a [“]no-merit[”] letter must
substantively address each of the petitioner’s arguments,
rather than baldly stating that the claims are without
merit”). Counsel must also send the petitioner: (i) a copy
of the “no-merit” letter; (ii) a copy of counsel’s petition to
withdraw; and (iii) a statement advising petitioner of the
right to proceed pro se or by new counsel. Zerby, 964
A.2d at 960. Once counsel has complied with the
requirements, the court will “make an independent
evaluation of the proceedings before the [B]oard to
determine whether [petitioner’s] appeal is
meritless.” Wesley v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 614 A.2d
355, 356 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1992) (quoting Frankhouser v. Pa.
6
Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 598 A.2d 607, 608-09 (Pa. Cmwlth.
1991)).
Buxo I, slip op. at 6-7.
In this matter, Counsel has satisfied his duties under Zerby. Attached
to Counsel’s Second Application is a letter Counsel wrote to this Court and Buxo
indicating Counsel’s intention to file an application to withdraw. See Amended “No-
Merit” Letter dated Nov. 19, 2021 (Amended No-Merit Letter) at 8. The Amended
No-Merit Letter notifies Buxo of his right to retain substitute counsel and to raise
any other points deemed worthy of merit.7 Id. at 8. The docket contains a certificate
of service indicating that the Second Application and the Amended No-Merit Letter
were served on Buxo.8 Furthermore, the Amended No-Merit Letter sets forth the
nature and extent of Counsel’s review of the case and reflects that he has reviewed
the record and applied the facts to the applicable law. See generally Amended No-
Merit Letter. Counsel addresses issues raised in both Buxo’s administrative appeal
to the Board and in the petition for review filed by Counsel on behalf of Buxo. See
id. at 5-8. Specifically, Counsel first addresses whether the Board gave Buxo credit
for time spent exclusively on its warrant, as raised in the petition for review, and
second, Counsel addresses the issues Buxo raised in his administrative appeal, i.e.,
whether the Board erred in its recalculation of his maximum sentence date and
whether he was entitled to additional backtime credit. See Amended No-Merit Letter
at 5-8; see also C.R. at 84 & 111. The Amended No-Merit Letter also explains why
Buxo’s contentions on appeal are without merit. See Amended No-Merit Letter at
7
Buxo did not obtain substitute counsel or file a brief on his own behalf.
8
On November 19, 2021, Counsel submitted to this Court a certificate of service certifying
that he sent a copy of the application to withdraw and the “no-merit” letter to Buxo by “First-Class
Mail.” See Certificate of Serv., filed Nov. 19, 2021.
7
5-8. As Counsel has satisfied his duties pursuant to Zerby, we turn to our
independent review of Buxo’s claims.9
Counsel explains that Buxo was paroled on March 13, 2017, with a
maximum sentence date of September 28, 2020, which left 1,295 days on his
sentence at the time of parole. See Amended No-Merit Letter at 6-7. Buxo was then
arrested on December 3, 2017, the Board issued a detainer the same day, and Buxo
was ultimately sentenced on the new Montgomery County charges on June 13, 2019.
See id. at 6. The Board gave Buxo backtime credit for the entire period he was
detained on the Board’s warrant, i.e., from December 3, 2017, through June 13,
2019, which totaled 557 days. See id. Subtracting 557 days of backtime credit from
the 1,295 days left on Buxo’s original sentence left 738 days remaining on his
original sentence. See id. at 6-7. Adding 738 days to June 13, 2019, the day Buxo
was sentenced to SIP and, therefore, the day he became available to begin serving
the backtime on his original sentence, results in Buxo’s maximum sentence date
being recalculated as June 20, 2021. See id. at 7; see also C.R. at 109 & 111.
Counsel thus asserts that the Board’s backtime credit calculations are correct, and,
therefore, that Buxo’s maximum sentence date was properly recalculated to reflect
all the time Buxo spent on the Board’s warrant. See Amended No-Merit Letter at 7.
We agree with Counsel’s assessment that Buxo’s claims that the Board
erred by failing to award him credit against his original sentence for all time served
exclusively to its warrant, and that his recalculated maximum sentence date was
incorrectly calculated, are without merit. Buxo was arrested on December 3, 2017,
9
Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights were violated,
whether an error of law was committed, or whether necessary findings of fact are supported by
substantial evidence. McCloud v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 834 A.2d 1210,
1212 n.6 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
8
and the Board issued a warrant the same day. C.R. at 13-20. Buxo was afforded
unsecured bail on December 13, 2017, but remained detained on the Board’s warrant
up to and through his sentencing. C.R. at 63, 79, 111. Buxo pled guilty in
Montgomery County on March 23, 2018, and the Board thereafter revoked his parole
and recommitted him as a convicted parole violator to serve 24 months of backtime,
when available, pending his sentencing. C.R. at 27, 42-43, 64, 51, 57-58, 61. On
June 13, 2019, Buxo was sentenced in Montgomery County to SIP, after which the
Board reaffirmed its decision to recommit Buxo as a convicted parole violator and
determined that Buxo was entitled to presentence credit on his original sentence for
all the time he spent incarcerated prior to sentencing due to imposition of the SIP
sentence. C.R. at 64, 78, 82-83, 114. As Counsel stated, the Board awarded Buxo
presentence credit for the entire period of time he was detained between December
3, 2017, and June 13, 2019. See Amended No-Merit Letter at 6-7; see also C.R. at
114. Thus, because Buxo received credit on his original sentence for every single
day he spent incarcerated on the Board’s warrant, his claim that he did not get credit
for “all” the time he served on the Board’s warrant is unquestionably meritless. See
Gaito v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 412 A.2d 568, 571 (Pa. 1980)
(holding that if a parolee has met bail on the new charges, but remains in custody
solely on the Board’s detainer, then the time the parolee spends in custody “shall be
credited against [the] original sentence”).10
To the extent there is any question as to why Buxo received credit for
the period of December 3, 2017, when he was arrested on the new charges, to
December 13, 2017, when he made bail on the new charges, and thus when he was
detained on both the Board’s warrant and the new charges, we note that “[i]f an
10
We note that Gaito would be applicable to the time period of December 13, 2017, to
June 13, 2019.
9
eligible offender is sentenced to the SIP program, he or she is not entitled to credit
for time served during pre[]sentence detention on the criminal charges resulting in
admission to the SIP program.” Williams v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 68 A.3d 386,
388 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013) (citing Section 4105(b) of the Prisons and Parole Code, 61
Pa.C.S. § 4105(b) (prior to Act 115 of 2019’s amendments thereto)). Therefore,
Buxo was not entitled to any presentence confinement credit towards his new
sentence of SIP for the period of December 3, 2017, through December 13, 2017;
accordingly, the Board applied it to his original sentence. We thus agree with
Counsel’s assessment that the Board properly credited Buxo with all presentence
confinement time to which he was entitled, and that the Board did not err in its
recalculation of Buxo’s maximum date, as explained above.
Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, we grant Counsel’s application
to withdraw as counsel and affirm the Board’s October 30, 2020 decision.
__________________________________
CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
10
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Edwin Omar Buxo, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Pennsylvania Parole Board, : No. 1202 C.D. 2020
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 17th day of May, 2022, the Application to Withdraw
as Counsel, filed by Kent D. Watkins, Esquire, is GRANTED, and the Pennsylvania
Parole Board’s October 30, 2020 order is AFFIRMED.
__________________________________
CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge