L. Spann v. PA BPP ( 2016 )


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  •                 IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
    Leroy Spann,                                   :
    Petitioner        :
    :
    v.                       :
    :
    Pennsylvania Board of                          :
    Probation and Parole and                       :
    Pennsylvania State Police,                     :    No. 728 M.D. 2012
    Respondents           :    Submitted: January 22, 2016
    BEFORE:       HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Judge1
    HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
    HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
    OPINION NOT REPORTED
    MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
    JUDGE COVEY                                         FILED: June 9, 2016
    Before this Court is the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole’s
    (Board) Suggestion of Mootness as to Leroy Spann’s (Spann) pro se “(Complete)
    Second Amended Petition for Review” (Petition) seeking mandamus relief,2 the
    1
    This case was assigned to the opinion writer on or before January 31, 2016, when Judge
    Leadbetter assumed the status of senior judge.
    2
    In Taylor v. Pennsylvania State Police, 
    132 A.3d 590
     (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016), an en banc
    decision, this Court overruled the Pennsylvania State Police’s (PSP) preliminary objections
    premised on PSP’s position that the petition for review sought mandamus relief, and that the
    allegations therein did not meet the standards for mandamus relief. There, although the petition for
    review was titled “Petition for Review in the Nature of a Writ of Mandamus[,]” this Court
    explained:
    a review of that document reveals no instances where [the petitioner]
    actually requests the PSP to undertake a mandatory duty. [The
    petitioner] requests this court to:
    declare that [the Sexual Offender Registration and
    Notification Act, (]SORNA’s[), Sections 9799.10-
    9799.41 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S. §§
    Pennsylvania State Police’s (PSP) Preliminary Objections to the Petition, and
    Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion.3 The issues before the Court are: (1) whether
    9799.10-9799.41,] current lifetime registration is
    unconstitutional and order that he is hereby exempt
    from registering any further, and ... from registering
    four (4) times a year under SORNA, or in the
    alternative, grant Petitioner's request that, as it
    applies to him, application of SORNA is a direct
    consequence to Petitioner and an ex post facto
    application of the law.
    Id. at 598-99 (quoting petition for review, Wherefore Clause). Unlike Taylor, Spann requests this
    Court to:
    issue an order directing [the Board and PSP] to take appropriate steps
    to effectuate the process of removing [Spann] from the [Registry].
    Furthermore, [Spann] requests that the court order the [Board and
    PSP] to notify other state agencies and the authority that maintains the
    Pennsylvania public website to remove [Spann] from the [Registry].
    Petition at 5-6. Because Spann’s Petition seeks an order from this Court directing PSP and the
    Board to act, we conclude that the Petition is in the nature of mandamus, and thus, Spann must
    satisfy the requirements for mandamus relief.
    3
    This action has a lengthy and complex procedural history. On December 29, 2012, Spann
    filed his First Petition with this Court, naming “Brian Donovan, Parole Agent of the [Board]” as
    Respondent. On April 4, 2013, the Board filed Preliminary Objections to the First Petition. On
    April 30, 2013, this Court sustained the Board’s Preliminary Objections and directed Spann to file
    an Amended Petition for Review, naming the Board as Respondent. On May 17, 2013, Spann filed
    an Amended Petition for Review (Amended Petition). On May 23, 2013, this Court ordered the
    Board to answer or otherwise plead within 30 days. On June 21, 2013, the Board filed Preliminary
    Objections which this Court overruled by July 11, 2013 order. On July 30, 2013, the Board filed its
    Answer and New Matter to the Amended Petition. On March 19, 2014, Spann filed a “Motion for a
    Disposition on [the Amended Petition],” which this Court denied by March 20, 2014 order. On
    May 7, 2014, Spann filed a Summary Judgment Motion. On May 20, 2014, the Board filed an
    Answer to Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion suggesting, inter alia, that PSP was a proper and
    necessary party. On May 28, 2014, this Court issued an order permitting Spann to add PSP as an
    additional Respondent. On June 10, 2014, Spann filed a Second Amended Petition for Review. On
    July 15, 2014, this Court issued an order striking Spann’s Second Amended Petition for Review as
    unauthorized. The order, however, permitted Spann to file a Complete Second Amended Petition
    for Review adding PSP as a Respondent and adding any additional factual averments. On August 8,
    2014, Spann filed the Petition. On August 11, 2014, this Court ordered the Board and PSP to file an
    Answer or otherwise plead within 30 days. On September 8, 2014, the Board filed its Suggestion of
    Mootness to the Petition. On September 9, 2014, PSP filed Preliminary Objections to the Petition.
    On September 22, 2014, Spann responded to the Board’s Suggestion of Mootness. On October 8,
    2
    Spann’s claims against the Board are moot; (2) whether the Petition states a claim for
    mandamus relief; and, (3) whether Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion should be
    granted. After review, we grant the Board’s Suggestion of Mootness, sustain PSP’s
    Preliminary Objections, deny Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion and dismiss
    Spann’s Petition.
    On March 26, 1990, Spann was convicted of rape pursuant to Section
    3121 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3121, and was sentenced to prison for 8½ to
    20 years. In 1999, Spann was registered on PSP’s statewide registry (Registry) as a
    sex offender under the first-enacted version of Megan’s Law (Megan’s Law I) which
    required Spann to register for ten years.4 Spann’s maximum sentence was to expire
    2014, Spann answered PSP’s Preliminary Objections. On December 17, 2014, PSP filed an
    Application for Relief seeking dismissal of Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion since it was filed
    before the Petition was filed. By December 18, 2014 order, this Court directed Spann to serve the
    Summary Judgment Motion on PSP within 14 days. On January 5, 2015, Spann filed his Motion
    for Summary Judgment and Memorandum of Law. On February 4, 2015, PSP filed its
    Memorandum in Response to the Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion. By February 20, 2015
    letter, the Board notified this Court that it joined in PSP’s Memorandum. On February 23, 2015,
    Spann replied to PSP’s Memorandum. Thus, before this Court are the Board’s Suggestion of
    Mootness, PSP’s Preliminary Objections and Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion.
    4
    As this Court noted:
    The Supreme Court has described the history of Pennsylvania’s
    Megan’s Law as follows:
    The Act of October 24, 1995, P.L. 1079 (Spec.[ ]Sess.
    No. 1), now known as Megan’s Law I, was to a
    significant   extent   ruled    unconstitutional   in
    Commonwealth v. Donald Williams, . . . 
    733 A.2d 593
    ([Pa.] 1999). The General Assembly subsequently
    enacted Megan’s Law II [Act of May 10, 2000, P.L.
    74], whose constitutionality this Court substantially
    upheld in Commonwealth v. Gomer Williams, . . . 
    832 A.2d 962
     ([Pa.] 2003). In the Act of November 24,
    2004, P.L. 1243 (known as Megan’s Law III), the
    General Assembly addressed several matters, including
    that portion of Megan’s Law II held to be
    unconstitutional in Gomer Williams, concerning the
    penalty provisions that attached to sexually violent
    3
    on July 4, 2009. However, on March 17, 2004, after being convicted of driving under
    the influence of alcohol while on parole, Spann was recommitted and his maximum
    sentence release date was recalculated to June 6, 2013.
    By December 14, 2009 letter, PSP Commander Lieutenant Douglas E.
    Grimes (Grimes) notified Spann that he had been removed from the Registry. The
    letter advised:
    A review of your registration history and criminal
    history/confinement record has revealed that you are no
    longer required to register as a sex offender with the [PSP]
    at this time. Thus, you are not required to verify or report a
    change of your address, employment, or school information
    to the [PSP]. Additionally, your information has been
    removed from the public website effective the date of this
    correspondence.
    December 14, 2009 PSP letter, Petition, Ex. C.
    predators who failed to comply with registration and
    other requirements of the act. In the Act of November
    29, 2006, P.L. 1567 (effective January 1, 2007), the
    General Assembly amended the legislation once again
    ....
    Commonwealth v. Leidig, . . . 
    956 A.2d 399
    , 400 n.1 ([Pa.] 2008). In
    2011, the General Assembly substantially revised Megan’s Law
    setting out the provisions, subject to minor subsequent amendments,
    we refer to as [the Sexual Offender Registration and Notification Act
    (SORNA)(]Megan’s Law IV[)]. In Commonwealth v. Neiman, . . . 
    84 A.3d 603
    , 615-16 ([Pa.] 2013), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
    struck various provisions of Megan’s Law III on the grounds that the
    Act of November 24, 2004, P.L. 1243 (Act 152), violated the single
    subject rule of Article III, Section 3 of the Pennsylvania Constitution.
    The majority of these provisions had already expired, per Section
    9799.41 of Megan’s Law IV, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.41, as well as other
    amendments to Megan’s Law. Neiman, 84 A.3d at 606-07 n[].8-18.
    Coppolino v. Noonan, 
    102 A.3d 1254
    , 1258 n.2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014), aff’d, 
    125 A.3d 1196
     (Pa.
    2015).
    4
    On December 20, 2012, the Sexual Offender Registration and
    Notification Act (SORNA)5 (Megan’s Law IV) became effective. Section 9799.13 of
    SORNA, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.13, required individuals convicted of sexually-violent
    offenses to register with PSP. SORNA defined “[s]exually[-]violent offense” as “a
    Tier I, Tier II or Tier III sexual offense[,]” and categorized rape as a Tier III sexual
    offense. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.12; see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.14(d). Section 9799.15(a)(3)
    of SORNA required Tier III sexual offenders to register for life. 42 Pa.C.S. §
    9799.15(a)(3). Section 9799.19(e.2) of SORNA requires that the applicable Board or
    county probation office shall register the individual within 48 hours if the individual
    is serving a sentence of parole on or after the date of the enactment of that section.
    42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.19(e.2).
    Because Spann was under the Board’s supervision on December 20,
    2012, the Board notified Spann that he was subject to SORNA’s registration
    requirements.        On December 29, 2012, Spann filed a petition for review (First
    Petition) in the nature of mandamus challenging SORNA’s lifetime registration
    requirement. Thereafter, on August 8, 2014, Spann filed the Petition, naming PSP as
    an additional party. On September 8, 2014, the Board filed a Suggestion of Mootness
    to the Petition. On September 9, 2014, PSP filed Preliminary Objections to the
    Petition.      On January 5, 2015, Spann filed his Summary Judgment Motion and
    supporting Memorandum of Law. On June 6, 2013, Spann reached his maximum
    sentence date and the Board’s supervision ceased.
    I.            The Board’s Suggestion of Mootness
    The Board asserts that since Spann is no longer under its supervision, his
    Petition is moot as it pertains to the Board. We agree. This Court has held that an
    5
    42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10 - 9799.41.
    5
    issue is moot where it can no longer be redressed by court action. Mistich v. Pa. Bd.
    of Prob. & Parole, 
    863 A.2d 116
     (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004).6                                Although Section
    9799.19(e.2) of SORNA requires the Board to register an individual within 48 hours
    if the individual is serving a sentence of parole, the Board has no such responsibility
    once an individual is no longer on parole. Importantly, the Board does not operate
    the Registry. Section 9799.16(a) of SORNA provides that “[t]he [PSP] shall create
    and maintain the [R]egistry.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.16(a); see also 42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.15.
    Spann’s Petition requests this Court to
    issue an order directing [the Board and PSP] to take
    appropriate steps to effectuate the process of removing
    [Spann] from the [Registry]. Furthermore, [Spann] requests
    that the court order the [Board and PSP] to notify other state
    agencies and the authority that maintains the Pennsylvania
    public website to remove [Spann] from the [Registry].
    Petition at 5-6.
    As explained in the Board’s Suggestion of Mootness and Spann
    acknowledged in his Petition, Spann has not been under Board supervision since June
    6, 2013. Thus, the Board had no further involvement in the maintenance of Spann’s
    name in the Registry. The Board does not maintain the Registry, and has no authority
    under SORNA to remove an individual’s name therefrom. Thus, even if Spann were
    6
    The Mistich Court explained:
    Generally, a case will be dismissed as moot if there exists no actual
    case or controversy. The existence of a case or controversy requires
    (1) a legal controversy that is real and not hypothetical,
    (2) a legal controversy that affects an individual in a
    concrete manner so as to provide the factual predicate
    for a reasoned adjudication, and (3) a legal controversy
    with sufficiently adverse parties so as to sharpen the
    issues for judicial resolution.
    Id. at 119 (citation omitted) (quoting Dow Chem. Co. v. United States Envtl. Prot. Agency, 
    605 F.2d 673
    , 678 (3rd Cir. 1979)).
    6
    successful in obtaining mandamus relief, there is no action that this Court could order
    the Board to take that would afford Spann the relief he seeks. Accordingly, Spann’s
    mandamus action is moot as to the Board and is, therefore, dismissed.
    II.       PSP’s Preliminary Objections
    PSP’s Preliminary Objections assert that the Petition should be
    dismissed because it does not state a valid claim for mandamus relief. We agree.
    Initially, we note that
    [p]reliminary objections in the nature of a demurrer admit
    all well-pleaded material facts and any inferences
    reasonably deduced from them, but not legal conclusions.
    A demurrer will be sustained only in cases that are clear and
    free from doubt and only where it appears with certainty
    that the law permits no recovery under the allegations
    pleaded.
    Nieves v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 
    983 A.2d 236
    , 239 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2009)
    (citation omitted). Moreover, our Supreme Court has explained:
    A proceeding in mandamus is an extraordinary action at
    common law and is available only to compel the
    performance of a ministerial act or mandatory duty where
    there exists no other adequate and appropriate remedy; there
    is a clear legal right in the plaintiff, and a corresponding
    duty in the defendant.
    McCray v. Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 
    872 A.2d 1127
    , 1131 (Pa. 2005). “Mandamus is not
    proper to establish a legal right, but is only appropriately used to enforce those rights
    that have already been established.” Bright v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 
    831 A.2d 775
    , 777 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003).
    To justify mandamus relief, Spann’s Petition must demonstrate that he
    has a clear legal right to have his name removed from the Registry, and that PSP has
    a corresponding duty to remove it. It is undisputed that Spann was convicted of rape
    7
    in 1990, and was subject to the Board’s supervision on December 20, 2012. SORNA
    became effective on that date, and required the registration of individuals who, on or
    after the effective date, were under Board supervision resulting from a conviction for
    a sexually-violent offense.
    Spann     contends      that   SORNA’s         registration7    requirements   are
    unconstitutional ex post facto laws. Pennsylvania courts have expressly held that
    SORNA is not punitive and does not violate the ex post facto provisions of the United
    7
    Unlike in Taylor, Spann’s Petition does not allege that SORNA’s notification provisions
    infringe on his constitutional rights. The Petition alleges in relevant part:
    12. At no time during the course of sentencing or subsequently
    did either the sentencing judge or any judicial-board of review inform
    [Spann] that he would be subjected to lifetime registration under
    Pennsylvania’s version of Megan[‘s] Law.
    13. Under the circumstances, although [the Board’s parole
    agent] overstepped his authority by ignoring [Grimes’] letter (that
    removed [Spann] from the [Registry]), the [PSP] had a duty to correct
    [the parole agent’s] seemingly personal-interest of having [Spann] put
    back on the [Registry].
    14. By failing to reaffirm [Grimes’] December 14, 2009
    [letter] and taking actions to return [Spann] on the [Registry,] the
    [PSP] deprived [Spann] of his right to due process of law and the
    equal protection of law simply because, since being removed from the
    [R]egistry [Spann] has not been rearrested for committing any new
    sexual offense which would have changed [Spann’s] legal status.
    15. As a result of the collective unlawful actions of the [Board
    and PSP, Spann] noticed increasing difficulty maintaining a non-
    hostel [sic] work environment since, his identity was returned to the
    [Registry] which have cause[d] heighten[ed] alert — and jeopardizes
    his freedom of the pursuit of happiness.
    Petition at 5.
    8
    States and Pennsylvania Constitutions. Most recently in Taylor v. Pennsylvania State
    Police, 
    132 A.3d 590
     (Pa. Cmwlth. 2016), this Court explained:
    With regard to whether the specific registration
    requirements of SORNA pose ex post facto concerns, we
    recently conducted an extensive review of those
    requirements in Coppolino [v. Noonan, 
    102 A.3d 1254
     (Pa.
    Cmwlth. 2014)] and concluded that the registration
    requirements, save Section 9799.15(g), 42 Pa.C.S. §
    9799.15(g) (requiring those convicted prior to SORNA to
    provide in-person updates to registration information), are
    not punitive and pose no ex post facto concerns.
    Coppolino, 
    102 A.3d at
    1278–79. Based on Coppolino,
    which was affirmed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court,
    the only registration requirement of SORNA that is
    punitive, as applied to [the petitioner], is Section 9799.15(g)
    and that requirement must not be imposed upon him.
    Taylor, 132 A.3d at 601. See also Commonwealth v. Williams, 
    832 A.2d 962
     (Pa.
    2003) (holding that provisions in a prior version of SORNA were not punitive);
    Commonwealth v. Giannantonio, 
    114 A.3d 429
     (Pa. Super. 2015); Commonwealth v.
    Perez, 
    97 A.3d 747
     (Pa. Super. 2014).8
    Spann also claims that the registration requirements imposed upon him
    without a hearing violated his procedural due process rights. In Taylor, this Court
    addressed a similar claim. The Court explained:
    Article I, Section 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution states
    that ‘[a]ll men are born equally free and independent, and
    have certain inherent and indefeasible rights, among which
    are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, of
    acquiring, possessing and protecting property and
    reputation, and of pursuing their own happiness.’ Pa.
    Const. art. I, § 1. Unlike the Due Process Clause of the
    Fourteenth Amendment, our Supreme Court has
    acknowledged that reputation is protected under Article I,
    8
    We reject Spann’s assertion that his removal from the Registry in 2009 (based on the
    provisions of the then-existing statute) somehow precludes his inclusion on the Registry as SORNA
    mandated. Because Spann falls within the class of individuals required to register under SORNA,
    he must do so.
    9
    Section 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. See R. v.
    Department of Public Welfare, . . . 
    636 A.2d 142
    , 149 ([Pa.]
    1994) (discerning a fundamental right to reputation under
    the Pennsylvania Constitution). Accordingly, reputation is
    among the fundamental rights that cannot be abridged
    without compliance with state constitutional standards of
    due process. 
    Id.
    [The petitioner’s] procedural due process challenge focuses
    on SORNA’s bedrock ‘presumption that all sexual
    offenders ‘pose a high risk of committing additional sexual
    offenses. . . .’’ (Petition for [r]eview ¶ 20 (quoting 42
    Pa.C.S. § 9799.11(a)(4)).) Because, under SORNA, all
    individuals previously convicted of a sexual offense are
    presumed to pose a high risk of re-offense, SORNA’s
    registration scheme does not provide offenders with an
    opportunity to challenge their registration requirements by
    establishing to a fact finder that the offender has reformed
    and no longer poses a threat to the public. See Section
    9799.23(b) of SORNA, 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.23(b) (providing
    that courts shall not have the authority, with certain
    exceptions, to relieve a sexual offender from the duty to
    register.) Thus, under SORNA, individuals convicted of
    sexually violent offenses are required to register without a
    determination regarding the offender’s level of
    dangerousness and likelihood of re-offense ever being
    made.
    Our Supreme Court recently assessed the constitutionality
    of this presumption as applied to juveniles sexual offenders
    in [In the interest of J.B., 
    107 A.3d 1
    , 14 (Pa. 2014)]. The
    Supreme Court began its analysis in J.B. by considering
    whether the juvenile petitioners had a right protected by the
    due process clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution. As
    explained by the Supreme Court:
    SORNA explicitly declares that sexual
    offenders, including juvenile offenders, ‘pose a
    high risk of committing additional sexual
    offenses and protection of the public from this
    type of offender is a paramount governmental
    interest.’ 42 Pa. C.S. § 9799.11(a)(4). Indeed,
    a primary purpose of SORNA is to inform and
    warn law enforcement and the public of the
    potential danger of those registered as sexual
    10
    offenders. . . . [T]he common view of
    registered sexual offenders is that they are
    particularly dangerous and more likely to
    reoffend than other criminals. Thus, SORNA
    registration requirements, premised upon the
    presumption that all sexual offenders pose a
    high risk of recidivating, impinge upon
    juvenile offenders’ fundamental right to
    reputation as protected under the Pennsylvania
    Constitution.
    J.B., 107 A.3d at 16-17.
    After determining that the juvenile petitioners had a
    protected right to their reputations, the Supreme Court
    summarized its case law outlining the ‘irrebuttable
    presumption doctrine’ as providing that ‘irrebuttable
    presumptions are violative of due process where the
    presumption is deemed not universally true and a
    reasonable alternative means of ascertaining that presumed
    fact are available.’ Id. at 15 (quoting Dep[‘t] of Transp[.],
    Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Clayton, . . . 
    684 A.2d 1060
    ,
    1063 ([Pa.] 1996)). The Supreme Court cited studies
    credited by the trial court that showed juvenile sexual
    offenders exhibit levels of recidivism that ‘are
    indistinguishable from the recidivism rates of non-sexual
    juvenile offenders.’ Id. at 17. Based on these studies and
    other societal knowledge gleaned from statutes and case
    law, the Supreme Court concluded that SORNA’s
    registration requirements ‘improperly brand all juvenile
    offenders’ reputations with an indelible mark of a
    dangerous recidivist, even though the irrebuttable
    presumption linking adjudication of specified offenses with
    a high likelihood of recidivating is not ‘universally true.’’
    Id. at 19. The Supreme Court then determined that a
    reasonable alternative means to ascertain whether the
    juvenile offenders represented a recidivism risk was
    available in the form of a hearing similar to the hearing
    required before classifying an offender as a sexually violent
    predator pursuant to Section 9799.24 of SORNA, 42 Pa.
    C.S. § 9799.24. J.B., 107 A.3d at 19. Concluding that the
    ‘irrebuttable presumption doctrine’ was satisfied, the
    Supreme Court held that the lifetime registration
    requirement was unconstitutional as applied to juveniles
    because it encroached upon the juvenile petitioners’
    11
    constitutionally protected interest in their reputation without
    due process of law. Id. at 19-20.
    Taylor, 132 A.3d at 604-06. The Taylor Court further discussed the petitioner’s
    allegations, stating:
    [The petitioner] avers that he has a right to reputation
    encroached upon by SORNA’s irrebuttable presumption.
    The PSP offers no argument that [the petitioner’s] right to
    reputation is not infringed by SORNA and we, therefore,
    presume that [the petitioner] has sufficiently alleged such.
    Nor does the PSP dispute [the petitioner’s] allegation with
    regard to the final step of the irrebuttable presumption
    doctrine: that reasonable alternative means exist to
    determine whether [the petitioner] poses a high risk of
    recidivism. Accordingly, we shall focus on whether [the
    petitioner] alleges facts that, when accepted as true, shows
    that it is not universally true that adult offenders pose a
    heightened risk of recidivism.
    [The petitioner’s] allegations point to studies showing that
    sexual offenders have very low rates of recidivism in
    general.      According to [the petitioner], SORNA’s
    irrebuttable presumption is based on speculation and
    conjecture despite firm evidence to the contrary[.] In
    response to [the petitioner’s] averments, the PSP argues that
    [the petitioner] cannot satisfy the universality factor of the
    irrebuttable presumption doctrine and points to previous
    decisions by the Pennsylvania and United States Supreme
    Courts, in which the courts have stated that recidivism rates
    of all sexual offenders are high. Although the cases cited
    by the PSP are persuasive, we decline to conclusively
    resolve factual questions based on statements made in
    judicial decisions that are nearly a decade old. Sociological
    and psychological facts that serve as predicates to judicial
    decisions may be re-tested based on newly developed
    research and increases in human understanding. The
    [p]etition for [r]eview cites to studies supporting [the
    petitioner’s] allegation that it is not universally true that
    sexual offenders always pose a high risk of re-offense . . . .
    When reviewing preliminary objections, this Court must
    treat all well-pleaded facts and any reasonable inference
    from those facts as true. Just as the petitioners in J.B. were
    entitled to prove their allegations with regard to recidivism
    12
    rates of juvenile offenders, notwithstanding previous
    judicial findings to the contrary, [the petitioner] must be
    afforded an opportunity to present his proof.
    Id. at 606-07 (citations and quotation marks omitted).
    Unlike in Taylor, Spann does not allege that he has a right to reputation
    that has been infringed by SORNA’s irrebuttable presumption. Spann does not allege
    that reasonable alternatives exist to determine Spann’s recidivism risk. Nor is there
    any reference in Spann’s Petition to studies regarding relevant recidivism rates.
    Thus, unlike Taylor, where the Court was required to “treat all well-pleaded facts and
    any reasonable inference from those facts as true[,]” Spann has pled no facts that
    could support his due process challenge to SORNA. Id. at 606. Accordingly, Spann
    cannot establish that he has a clear legal right to the removal of his name from the
    Registry, and thus, mandamus relief is not warranted. Because “the law permits no
    recovery under the allegations pleaded[,]” we sustain PSP’s Preliminary Objections
    and dismiss Spann’s Petition. Nieves, 
    983 A.2d at
    239 n.1.
    III.     Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion
    Spann’s Summary Judgment Motion essentially revisits the allegations
    raised in his Petition that the December 14, 2009 PSP letter requires that his name be
    removed from the Registry, and requests that this Court direct the Board and PSP to
    do so. In light of our holding that Spann’s action is moot with respect to the Board,
    and having sustained PSP’s Preliminary Objections, we deny Spann’s Summary
    Judgment Motion.
    13
    For all of the above reasons, we grant the Board’s Suggestion of
    Mootness, sustain PSP’s Preliminary Objections, deny Spann’s Summary Judgment
    Motion and dismiss Spann’s Petition.
    ___________________________
    ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
    14
    IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
    Leroy Spann,                             :
    Petitioner       :
    :
    v.                    :
    :
    Pennsylvania Board of                    :
    Probation and Parole and                 :
    Pennsylvania State Police,               :   No. 728 M.D. 2012
    Respondents     :
    ORDER
    AND NOW, this 9th day of June, 2016, the Pennsylvania Board of
    Probation and Parole’s Suggestion of Mootness is granted, the Pennsylvania State
    Police’s Preliminary Objections are sustained, Leroy Spann’s Summary Judgment
    Motion is denied and the “(Complete) Second Amended Petition for Review” is
    dismissed.
    ___________________________
    ANNE E. COVEY, Judge