Com. v. Ramos-Gonzalez, J. ( 2021 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JUAN RAMOS-GONZALEZ :
:
Appellant : No. 412 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered January 7, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-35-CR-0001897-2019
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., McCAFFERY, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED MAY 04, 2021
Juan Ramos-Gonzalez appeals from the judgment of sentence, entered
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County, after pleading guilty to
terroristic threats1 and harassment.2 Counsel has filed a petition to withdraw
on appeal and an accompanying Anders3 brief. After careful review, we affirm
Ramos-Gonzalez’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition to
withdraw.
The trial court set forth the factual history of this case as follows:
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2706(a)(1).
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2709(a)(1).
3 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); Commonwealth v.
McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981); Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978
A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
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On September 12, 2019, by criminal information, the
Commonwealth charged [Ramos-Gonzalez] with one [] count of
terroristic threats, and one [] count of harassment/strike/shove
stemming from an August 12, 2019 domestic incident[,] wherein
the Scranton Police responded to a 911 call from a young child
whispering that threats were being made within the residence.
Upon investigation, the victim[, N.G.,] related to officers that her
husband, [Ramos-Gonzalez], became irate and started
threatening family members. [N.G.] reported that [Ramos-
Gonzalez] threatened to “put them all in body bags and that the
police wouldn’t get here in time.” [N.G.] also reported that
[Ramos-Gonzalez] grabbed her by the face and jawline, and she
had to push [him] away[. At that point,] one of her children called
911. Officers recorded [N.G.]’s statements via body camera.
Trial Court Opinion, 11/2/20, at 2 (citations and unnecessary capitalization
omitted). On October 11, 2019, Ramos-Gonzalez pleaded guilty to the above-
listed offenses, specifically admitting that he threatened “to put his wife and
children in a body bag and that police would not get there on time.” N.T.
Guilty Plea Hearing, 10/11/19, at 2-3.
On October 16, 2019, Ramos-Gonzalez submitted a petition to modify
bail, which the Commonwealth opposed; the court held a hearing on the
petition on November 14, 2019, and denied it, citing the safety of the victims
and the magnitude of the offenses. The court ordered a pre-sentence
investigation report (PSI) be prepared prior to sentencing.
On January 7, 2020, the court sentenced Ramos-Gonzalez in the
aggravated range for terroristic threats, ordering him to serve twelve to thirty-
six months’ incarceration, followed by two years’ probation, and ordering him
to pay a $300 fine on his count of harassment. On January 10, 2020, Ramos-
Gonzalez filed a petition for reconsideration of sentence requesting credit for
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time served,4 a declaration of eligibility under the Recidivism Risk Reduction
Incentive (RRRI) Program,5 and further alleging: that the court did not
provide adequate reasons for imposing sentence in the aggravated range; that
the sentence imposed was excessive, arbitrary, and capricious; that the court
relied upon Ramos-Gonzalez’s prior conviction for domestic violence as the
reason for imposing an aggravated-range sentence; that the court never
considered sentencing alternatives; that the court failed to consider Ramos-
Gonzalez’s mitigating circumstances; and that the court imposed a sentence
that failed to comport with the policies set forth for Level 2 offenders, pursuant
to 204 Pa. Code § 303.11.
On January 29, 2020, the court held a hearing on Ramos-Gonzalez’s
petition and, on February 24, 2020, granted his requested credit for time
served and declared him RRRI eligible. The court, however, denied Ramos-
Gonzalez’s remaining requests. Ramos-Gonzalez filed a timely notice of
appeal on February 26, 2020; he and the trial court have complied with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
____________________________________________
4 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9760.
5 See 61 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4504-4505.
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Ramos-Gonzalez’s attorney, Donna M. DeVita, Esquire, has filed an
Anders brief seeking to withdraw on appeal.6 In her Anders brief, counsel
raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the sentence imposed for terroristic threats was harsh
and excessive and was an abuse of discretion since it fell in the
aggravated range and there were no aggravating
circumstances warranting an aggravated sentence.
2. Whether [the] sentence imposed for terroristic threats is
contrary to the fundamental norms underlying the sentencing
process in the [C]ommonwealth and that it fails to comport
with the benchmarks and policies for Level [2] sentences,
which are enumerated in 204 Pa. Code § 303.11.
Anders Brief, at 4.
Both of Ramos-Gonzalez’s issues on appeal challenge the discretionary
aspects of his sentence. We note that, regarding such discretionary claims,
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6 Counsel has complied with the procedural requirements of Anders,
McClendon, Santiago, and their progeny. See supra at n.3. Counsel has
provided Ramos-Gonzalez with a letter advising him of his rights. See
Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748 (Pa. Super. 2005). The letter is
attached to counsel’s withdrawal petition. See Petition to Withdraw, 12/2/20,
at “Exhibit A”. Although the petition does not contain proof of service on
Ramos-Gonzalez, the letter mentions it as having been enclosed, and the
Anders brief contains proof of service on Ramos-Gonzalez. See Anders Brief,
at 21. Here, we find counsel’s compliance with the Anders requirements to
be substantial, if not perfect; therefore, counsel’s compliance was sufficient.
See Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1290 (Pa. Super. 2007).
Ramos-Gonzalez never filed a response to counsel’s Anders brief or the
petition to withdraw. “Once counsel has satisfied the [Anders] requirements,
it is then this Court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial court’s
proceedings and render an independent judgment as to whether the appeal
is, in fact, wholly frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287,
291 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc) (citation and internal quotation marks
omitted). We, therefore, proceed to our mandatory independent review as to
whether Ramos-Gonzalez’s appeal is wholly frivolous.
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“there is no automatic right to appeal.” Commonwealth v. Mastromarino,
2 A.3d 581, 585 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citing Commonwealth v. Cook, 941 A.2d
7, 11 (Pa. Super. 2007)). Rather, our jurisdiction must be invoked via the
following four-part test:
(1) whether the appeal is timely[, see Pa.R.A.P 902 and 903]; (2)
whether Appellant preserved his issue[, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720];
(3) whether Appellant’s brief includes a concise statement of the
reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the
discretionary aspects of sentence[,] see Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
(4) whether the concise statement raises a substantial question
that the sentence is appropriate under the [S]entencing [C]ode.
If the appeal satisfies each of these four requirements, we will
then proceed to decide the substantive merits of the case.
Commonwealth v. Disalvo, 70 A.3d 900, 902 (Pa. Super. 2013) (brackets
and ellipsis omitted).
Here, Ramos-Gonzalez preserved the issue in a post-sentence motion
for reconsideration of his sentence, followed by a timely notice of appeal.
Counsel has also included in her Anders brief a Rule 2119(f) statement. See
Anders Brief, at 9-10. Therefore, we must determine whether Ramos-
Gonzalez raises a substantial question. See Disalvo, supra.We determine whether the appellant has raised a substantial question
on a case-by-case basis. Commonwealth v. Paul, 925 A.2d 825, 828 (Pa.
Super. 2007). “We cannot look beyond the statement of questions presented
and the prefatory Rule 2119(f) statement to determine whether a substantial
question exists.” Commonwealth v. Radecki, 180 A.3d 441, 468 (Pa.
Super. 2018) (brackets omitted).
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Here, Ramos-Gonzalez claims the “court abused its discretion and
imposed a harsh and unreasonable sentence when it focused [on] the nature
of the offense and the prior harassment convictions involving his wife[,] and
when it failed to consider his background and rehabilitative needs.” Anders
Brief, at 10.
We note that a claim that the court imposed an aggravated-range
sentence without placing adequate reasons on the record raises a substantial
question for our review. See Commonwealth v. Bromley, 862 A.2d 598,
604 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citing Commonwealth v. Brown, 741 A.2d 726, 735
(Pa. Super. 1999)). Additionally, a claim that the court relied upon
impermissible factors as the sole reason to justify an aggravated-range
sentence raises a substantial question. See Commonwealth v. Simpson,
829 A.2d 334, 338 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citing Commonwealth v. McNabb,
819 A.2d 54, 56 (Pa. Super. 2003)). A claim that the trial court focused
exclusively on the seriousness of the offense also raises a substantial question.
See Commonwealth v. Bricker, 41 A.3d 872, 875 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citing
Commonwealth v. Macias, 968 A.2d 773, 776 (Pa. Super. 2009)). Lastly,
a claim that the sentencing court abused its discretion by sentencing the
defendant to serve his sentence in a state correctional facility, rather than
county jail, raised a substantial question where the defendant was able to
point to a violation of a particular provision of the sentencing guidelines. See
Commonwealth v. Hartle, 894 A.2d 800, 806 (Pa. Super. 2006). Thus, we
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will address the merits of Ramos-Gonzalez’s discretionary aspects of
sentencing challenges.
Our standard of review is as follows:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. To constitute an abuse of
discretion, the sentence imposed must either exceed the statutory
limits or be manifestly excessive. In this context, an abuse of
discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias[,] or ill[-]will,
or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
Commonwealth v. Perry, 883 A.2d 599, 602 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citing
Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 828 A.2d 1126, 1128 (Pa. Super. 2003)).
A sentencing judge has broad discretion in determining a
reasonable penalty, and appellate courts afford the sentencing
court great deference, as it is the sentencing court that is in the
best position to “view the defendant’s character, displays of
remorse, defiance, or indifference, and the overall effect and
nature of the crime.”
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 194 A.3d 625, 637 (Pa. Super. 2018) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Walls, 926 A.2d 957, 961 (Pa. 2007)).
Moreover, this Court’s review of the discretionary aspects of a sentence
is governed by 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9781(c) and (d). Commonwealth v. Dodge,
77 A.3d 1263, 1274 (Pa. Super. 2013). Section 9781(c) provides, in relevant
part:
(c) Determination on appeal.—The appellate court shall vacate the
sentence and remand the case to the sentencing court with
instructions if it finds:
* * *
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(3) the sentencing court sentenced outside the sentencing
guidelines and the sentence is unreasonable.
In all other cases the appellate court shall affirm the sentence
imposed by the sentencing court.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(3). Subsection 9781(d) requires that, in reviewing
the record, we consider:
(1) The nature and circumstances of the offense and the history
and characteristics of the defendant.
(2) The opportunity of the sentencing court to observe the
defendant, including any presentence investigation.
(3) The findings upon which the sentence was based.
(4) The guidelines promulgated by the commission.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(d).
“Although a sentencing judge must state his or her reasons for the
sentence imposed, a discourse on the court’s sentencing philosophy is not
required[; however, t]he court must explain any deviation from the sentencing
guidelines.” Simpson, supra at 338 (citing Commonwealth v. Hill, 629
A.2d 949, 953 (Pa. Super. 1993)) (internal citations, quotation marks, and
ellipsis omitted). Additionally, “[w]here the court’s sentencing colloquy shows
consideration of the defendant’s circumstances, prior criminal record, personal
characteristics and rehabilitative potential, and the record indicates that the
court had the benefit of the pre[-]sentence report, an adequate statement of
the reasons for sentence imposed has been given.” Brown, supra at 735-36(citations and quotation marks omitted). See also Commonwealth v.
Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988) (“Where pre-sentence reports exist, we
shall continue to presume that the sentencing judge was aware of relevant
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information regarding the defendant’s character and weighed those
considerations along with mitigating statutory factors. A pre-sentence report
constitutes the record and speaks for itself.”).
Here, the court did not rely solely on the nature of the offense or Ramos-
Gonzalez’s prior convictions for harassment in imposing an aggravated-range
sentence for his terroristic threats conviction. Indeed, the court clearly
explained its deviation from the sentencing guidelines, see Simpson, supra,by noting the repetitive nature of Ramos-Gonzalez’s behavior towards these
specific victims, his refusal to commit to therapy while under Domestic
Violence Court supervision, and the nature of his crimes.7 See N.T.
Sentencing Hearing, 1/7/20, at 3-4; see also Simpson, supra at 338(sentencing courts may rely on facts already included in sentencing guidelines
if supplemented with additional sentencing information); Commonwealth v.
Stewart, 867 A.2d 589, 593 (Pa. Super. 2005) (“A sentencing court may
consider any legal factor in determining that a sentence in the aggravated
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7 At sentencing, the court stated:
Mr. Ramos, . . . I do look at your history here and you had prior
domestic violence and a number of other matters that speaks
volumes[. T]he [c]ourt is cognizant of that fact that while you
were under Domestic Violen[ce] Court supervision back in ‘17[,]
you were in therapy[,] but then afterwards[,] you stopped going.
The [c]ourt finds that there [are] aggravating factors in this
matter, the domestic violence and prior domestic violence[,] over
a period of time[,] to not only your wife[,] but also children[,]
victimized by your actions.
N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 1/7/20, at 3-4.
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range should be imposed.”). In addition, at sentencing, the court indicated
that it was aware of the contents of Ramos-Gonzalez’s PSI. See id. at 2; see
also Brown, supra at 735-36. Therefore, we assume that the court properly
weighed Ramos-Gonzalez’s mitigating factors. See Devers, supra.
Consequently, Ramos-Gonzalez has not shown that his sentence is
unreasonable; thus, this discretionary aspect of sentencing claim fails. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(3).
Second, Ramos-Gonzalez alleges the court abused its discretion when it
sentenced him to serve his term of imprisonment in a state correctional
institution rather than a county facility.8 See Anders Brief, at 17.
Specifically, Ramos-Gonzalez argues that the court abused its discretion
insofar as it declined to impose county confinement, which is the
recommended sentence for Level 2 repeat non-violent offenders, pursuant to
204 Pa. Code § 303.11.9 Id. at 15-16.
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8When the trial court sentences a defendant to serve a term of more than two
but less than five years’ imprisonment, Pennsylvania law requires the
defendant to serve that sentence in a state correctional institution if certain
conditions are met. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9762(b)(2).
9Section 303.11 of the Sentencing Code sets forth the purposes of sentencing
as well as defines five separate levels of offenders:
(b) Sentencing levels. The sentencing level is based on the
standard range of the sentencing recommendation. Refer to §
303.9 to determine which sentence recommendation (i.e.—Basic,
Enhancement) applies. When the individual or aggregate
minimum sentence recommendation includes confinement in a
county facility, the court should consider the guidelines to
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It is well-settled that a defendant has no right to choose his or her place
of confinement. See Commonwealth ex rel. Radziewicz v. Burke, 82 A.2d
252, 254 (Pa. Super. 1951). Additionally, we have previously noted that the
sentencing court is offered little guidance when exercising its discretion in
choosing the appropriate place of confinement for the defendant. See
Commonwealth v. Stalnaker, 545 A.2d 886, 889 (Pa. Super. 1988).
Indeed, we have found that where the court sentenced a Level 2 offender to
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determine the appropriateness and eligibility for probation with
restrictive conditions as described in § 303.12(a) and county
reentry as described in § 303.12(f)(1). When the individual or
aggregate minimum sentence recommendation includes
confinement in a state facility, the court should consider the
guidelines to determine the appropriateness and eligibility for
certain correctional programs, including State Motivational Boot
Camp, State Drug Treatment Program, Recidivism Risk Reduction
Incentive Program and Short Sentence Parole as described in §
303.12(b)—(e). The descriptions of the five sentencing levels are
as follows:
* * *
(2) Level 2— Level 2 provides sentence recommendations
for generally non-violent offenders and those with numerous
less serious prior convictions, such that the standard range
requires a county sentence but permits both non-
confinement sentencing recommendations as provided in §
303.9(f) and confinement sentencing recommendations
served in a county facility as provided in § 303.9(e)(2), (3)
and (4). The standard range is defined as having an upper
limit of less than 12 months and a lower limit of Restorative
Sanctions (RS). The primary purposes of this level are
control over the offender and restitution to victims.
Treatment is recommended for drug dependent offenders.
204 Pa. Code § 303.11.
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state, rather than county, confinement, the court did not abuse its discretion
where it considered a PSI, balanced the factors enumerated in the Sentencing
Code, and stated valid reasons on the record for imposing an aggravated-
range sentence when determining that a state correctional facility was the
appropriate place for the defendant to serve his sentence. See
Commonwealth v. Fullin, 892 A.2d 843, 852 (Pa. Super. 2006); cf. Hartle,
supra (court abused discretion in failing to offer reason for choosing state
sentence rather than county sentence when sentencing Level 2 offender to
minimum 3 months’ incarceration to be served in a state facility; “where the
Sentencing Guidelines recommend a county sentence, but the trial court has
the option to impose either a county sentence or a state sentence, the court
shall place the reasons for imposing a state sentence on the record.”). See
also Commonwealth v. Hanson, 856 A.2d 1254, 1259 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(“[C]ourt control over the offender and a county sentence are not of concern
when an aggravated sentence is appropriate.”) (emphasis added); cf.
Commonwealth v. Ward, 489 A.2d 809, 812 (Pa. Super. 1985) (“The policy
behind requiring that a person sentenced to simple imprisonment serve the
sentence in a county jail and not a state penitentiary, recognizes that such a
person, who is rarely in trouble, should not be subjected to imprisonment
with persons guilty of serious misdemeanors or felonies.”) (emphasis added).
Here, the court sentenced Ramos-Gonzalez to 12 to 36 months’
incarceration for his terroristic threats conviction, which was ordered to be
served in a state correctional facility, rather than the recommended guideline
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sentence of restorative sanctions (RS) to 9 months’ incarceration.10 See
supra n.8. Like in Fullin, the court stated valid reasons on the record for
imposing a sentence in the aggravated range.11 See N.T. Sentencing Hearing,
1/7/20, at 3-4; Hanson, supra; cf. Hartle, supra.12 The court additionally
considered Ramos-Gonzalez’s PSI and mitigating circumstances. N.T.
Sentencing Hearing, 1/7/20, at 2; see Fullin, supra. Therefore, we discern
no abuse of discretion in the court’s determination that the aggravating
circumstances sub judice, see supra at n.7, required state confinement.13
See Fullin, supra; see also Perry, supra.____________________________________________
10See 204 Pa. Code § 303.9(a)(1) (“Guideline sentence recommendations are
based on the Offense Gravity Score and Prior Record Score. In most cases,
the sentence recommendations are found in the Basic Sentencing Matrix (§
303.16(a)).”).
11See 204 Pa. Code § 303.13(c) (“When the court imposes an aggravated or
mitigated sentence, it shall state the reasons on the record[.]”).
12 In Hartle, this Court distinguished the defendant’s minimum 3-month
sentence from the facts in Fullin, noting that, “[i]n Fullin, the appellant was
sentenced to a period of 1 to 3 years in prison, which was an aggravated[-
]range sentence, outside the criteria for [L]evel 2 sentencing
recommendations.” Hartle, supra at 807. Here, like in Fullin, Ramos-
Gonzalez was sentenced to a period of 1 to 3 years’ incarceration, which was
an aggravated-range sentence, falling outside the criteria for Level 2
sentencing recommendations. See also Hanson, supra.13 Insofar as Ramos-Gonzalez claims that the facts of his case represent
“typical” terroristic threats and thus his aggravated-range sentence
constitutes an abuse of discretion, see Anders Brief, at 14, we find the trial
court disclosed adequate reasons on the record as to why Ramos-Gonzalez’s
offense was more reprehensible than “typical.” See Hanson, supra at 1259-
60; N.T. Sentencing Hearing, 1/7/20, at 3-4.
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As a result of the above, we agree with Attorney DeVita and find Ramos-
Gonzalez’s appeal to be wholly frivolous. See supra at n.6. We, therefore,
affirm Ramos-Gonzalez’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s petition
to withdraw.
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 05/04/2021
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