Com. v. Baldwin, L. ( 2022 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
LESTER EMANUEL BALDWIN :
:
Appellant : No. 278 MDA 2020
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 30, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-35-CR-0000813-2015
BEFORE: DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED: FEBRUARY 7, 2022
Lester Emanuel Baldwin appeals the judgment of sentence entered
following his revocation of probation. Baldwin’s counsel has filed a Petition to
Withdraw and Anders1 brief, to which Baldwin has not responded. We affirm
the judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s Petition.
Baldwin pled guilty in December 2017 to one count of Delivery of a
Controlled Substance.2 The trial court sentenced him to imprisonment for
time-served—963 days—followed by 10 years of probation.3
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1Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); Commonwealth v. Santiago,
978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
2 See 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
3The court initially sentenced Baldwin to time-served to 24 months minus one
day of imprisonment followed by 10 years of probation, but issued an
amended sentence not two weeks later, upon realization that Baldwin’s
imprisonment had already exceeded 24 months.
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The court revoked Baldwin’s probation in February 2019 after Baldwin
stipulated that he had violated the terms of his probation by committing a new
criminal offense, Conspiracy to Commit Robbery, for which he was thereafter
convicted. After reviewing a pre-sentence investigation report, the court
resentenced Baldwin on December 30, 2019, to 24 to 48 months’ confinement,
followed by two years’ probation. The court ordered that his sentence run
consecutive to his Conspiracy sentence, for which it imposed a sentence of 21
to 48 months’ confinement followed by two years’ probation, under a different
docket number.
Baldwin filed a pro se notice of appeal, and the court appointed counsel.4
Baldwin also filed a pro se Petition for Credit for Time Spent in Custody, after
which the court issued an order clarifying Baldwin’s credit. The court ordered
Baldwin be given 476 days’ credit against his sentence for the time he spent
in confinement awaiting his resentencing. The court ordered Baldwin to file a
Rule 1925(b) statement, and counsel filed one on Baldwin’s behalf:
1. Whether the sentence imposed by the Honorable Trial Court
was harsh, excessive, and an abuse of discretion in light of the
Sentencing Guidelines and under the facts and circumstances
of the case.
2. Whether the Court failed to articulate sufficient reasons for the
sentence imposed[.]
3. Whether the Court abuse[d] its discretion by imposing
consecutive sentences in the above-captioned matter[.]
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4After remand from this Court, the trial court allowed counsel to withdraw
and appointed new counsel.
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4. Whether the sentence imposed as a violation of probation, in
conjunction with the previously imposed time-served sentence,
violated [Baldwin’s] constitutional rights, and was otherwise
illegal, unreasonable and beyond the guidelines for the offense
for which [Baldwin] was convicted[.]
5. Whether [Baldwin] was granted all time credit to which he was
entitle toward his sentence for all time spent in custody under
15-CR-813[.]
Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal, 11/6/20, at 1.
Despite having filed a Rule 1925(b) statement, Baldwin’s counsel
thereafter filed a Petition to Withdraw and an Anders brief. But see Pa.R.A.P.
1925(c)(4) (permitting filing of statement of intent to file Anders brief).
Before addressing any substantive issue, we must first assess the request to
withdraw for compliance with certain procedural requirements. Pursuant to
Anders, when counsel believes that an appeal is frivolous and wishes to
withdraw from representation, counsel must: (1) petition the court for leave
to withdraw, stating that after a conscientious examination of the record and
interviewing the defendant, counsel has determined the appeal would be
frivolous; (2) file a brief referring to any issues in the record of arguable merit;
and (3) furnish a copy of the brief to defendant and advise him of his right to
retain new counsel or to raise any additional points that he deems worthy of
the court’s attention. See Commonwealth v. Cox, 231 A.3d 1011, 1014-15
(Pa.Super. 2020); see also Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188 A.3d 1190,
1195-96 (Pa.Super. 2018) (en banc) (reviewing requirements for withdrawal
under Anders).
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Counsel has met these requirements. Counsel has petitioned to
withdraw, stating that she conducted a conscientious examination of the
record and determined that the appeal is wholly frivolous. See Anders Br. at
8-9.5 Counsel summarizes the history of the case and states she reviewed the
record and corresponded with Baldwin regarding what issues he believed had
merit. See id. at 5-8. She discusses her reasons for finding those issues wholly
frivolous. Id. at 12-22. Counsel has attached to her Anders brief a copy of a
letter she sent to Baldwin advising him of his right to present arguments to
this Court. Counsel’s letter also informed Baldwin that this Court will review
the Anders brief, any supplemental brief from Baldwin, and conduct its own
review of the record. See Letter, dated 9/1/21, at 1-2. Counsel has satisfied
the procedural requirements for withdrawal, and we turn to our own review of
the record.
As noted in the Anders brief and the trial court’s Rule 1925(a) opinion,
Baldwin has not preserved his discretionary sentencing issues, as he did not
raise them either at sentencing or in a post-sentence motion. He therefore
waived them, and they are frivolous for purposes of this appeal. Pa.R.A.P.
302(a); Pa.R.Crim.P. 708(E) and comment.
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5 Counsel states that she “has ultimately determined that this appeal is wholly
frivolous as there are no meritorious issues to be raised.” Anders Br. at 9.
Counsel’s statement on its face appears to conflate meritlessness with
frivolousness. The two are not the same. In context, however, we are satisfied
that counsel concluded that the issues are frivolous, and this is a case of
inartful draftsmanship.
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Furthermore, we agree with counsel that the discretionary sentencing
issues are wholly frivolous, even on their merits.6 The sentence imposed
following the revocation of probation is left to the sound discretion of the trial
court. Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1041 (Pa.Super. 2014). In
fact, if a revocation sentence is within the statutory limits and “was adequately
considered and sufficiently explained on the record by the revocation judge,
in light of the judge’s experience with the defendant and awareness of the
circumstances of the probation violation,” then that sentence “is peculiarly
within the judge's discretion.” Commonwealth v. Pasture, 107 A.3d 21, 28-
29 (Pa. 2014) (emphasis added).
Here, the court found that Baldwin “demonstrated no remorse for his
repeated violation history, and no intention to abstain from criminal activity.
He offered no evidence demonstrating compliance with the terms of his
probation.” Trial Court Opinion, filed June 8, 2021, at 14 (footnote omitted).
The court reviewed the pre-sentence investigation report, “which detailed
[Baldwin’s] history of non-compliance with the terms and conditions of various
probationary sentences, especially new arrests and ongoing assaultive
behavior.” Id. at 14-15. The court concluded Baldwin was not amenable to
supervision. See N.T., 12/30/19, at 9. Baldwin’s instant sentence of 24 to 48
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6Counsel has included a Rule 2119(f) statement relaying that Baldwin believes
he has raised a substantial question that his sentence violates the Sentencing
Code or fundamental sentencing norms.
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months’ confinement followed by two years’ probation was not an abuse of
the court’s broad discretion.
Baldwin’s assertion that the court failed to state its reasons for the
sentence likewise lacks any reasonable basis in fact or law. The court reflected
upon Baldwin’s criminal history and the fact that he had committed a new
offense while on probation. See id. Moreover, “the stated reasons for a
revocation sentence need not be as elaborate as that which is required at
initial sentencing.” Pasture, 107 A.3d at 28.
A challenge to the court’s ordering the revocation sentence to run
consecutive to the sentence it imposed on Baldwin’s new criminal offense fares
no better. The court has discretion to run sentences consecutively, and its
decision to do so will invoke this court’s jurisdiction “in only the most extreme
circumstances, such as where the aggregate sentence is unduly harsh,
considering the nature of the crimes and the length of imprisonment.”
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171-72 (Pa.Super. 2010). Here,
the aggregate maximum confinement between the two sentences is 96
months, or eight years. This does not constitute an abuse of the court’s broad
discretion, in light of Baldwin’s criminal history and new conviction.
We turn to the issues affecting the legality of Baldwin’s sentence, which
are non-waivable. Commonwealth v. Starr, 234 A.3d 755, 764 (Pa.Super.),
appeal denied, 243 A.3d 724 (Pa. 2020). The claim here is that the court did
not give Baldwin credit for the 963 days he spent in custody prior to the
imposition of his original sentence. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9760 (requiring the
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court to award a defendant credit for time spent in custody as the result of
the criminal charge for which the sentence is imposed).
We addressed a similar situation in Commonwealth v. Bowser, 783
A.2d 348 (Pa.Super. 2001). In that case, the court initially imposed a sentence
of 6 to 23 months’ imprisonment and 36 months of probation. Id. at 349.
Having already served 11 months and 19 days, the defendant was
immediately released on parole. Id. Four years later, the court revoked the
defendant’s probation due to his commission of a new criminal offense, and
imposed a sentence of 1 to 3 years’ imprisonment. Id. The defendant
requested he receive 11 months and 19 days’ credit towards his revocation
sentence. Id.We affirmed the trial court’s denial of this request. Id. at 351. We found
that the defendant had completed his previous sentence of imprisonment,
through both the application of credit and his time spent on parole, and that
awarding him the same credit toward his revocation sentence would be
duplicative. Id. at 350. We clarified that the length of time the defendant
served imprisoned on his initial sentence need only be taken into account in
order to determine whether the revocation sentence was within the legal
maximum. Id.In view of Bowser, this issue is frivolous. Baldwin served his initial
sentence of imprisonment and was resentenced to further imprisonment
following the revocation of his probation. The court awarded him credit for the
time he spent in custody awaiting his resentencing, and applied it to his new
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sentence. Baldwin is not also due credit for the time he spent in custody
serving his initial sentence, as this was already applied to his initial sentence.
Further, the maximum sentence for the instant offense as a second offense is
30 years. See 35 P.S. §§ 780-113(f)(1), 780-115(a). The imprisonment
portion of Baldwin’s initial sentence—963 days—combined with the maximum
imprisonment term on his revocation sentence—48 months—does not
approach the legal maximum.
Although his argument is not clear from his Rule 1925(b) statement, the
Anders brief states Baldwin claims his revocation sentence violates double
jeopardy. This assertion is baseless. Pursuant to precedent, the sentence
imposed after revocation of probation is a component of the original sentence,
and not a second punishment. See Commonwealth v. Hunter, 468 A.2d
505, 507 (Pa. 1983) (“[T]he resentence of the defendant is an integral
element of the original conditional sentence of probation, not a second
punishment for the same offense”).
In sum, Baldwin’s issues, as relayed by counsel, are wholly frivolous.
Baldwin has not submitted a response to counsel’s Petition to Withdraw or
raised any other issues. Our own review of the record has not revealed any
non-frivolous issues. We therefore affirm the judgment of sentence and grant
counsel’s Petition to Withdraw.
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Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to Withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/7/2022
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