Com. v. Stephenson, J. ( 2022 )

J-A25044-21
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JENNIFER ANN STEPHENSON :
:
Appellant : No. 285 WDA 2021
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 10, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Venango County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-61-CR-0000163-2018
BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., KING, J., and COLINS, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED: FEBRUARY 11, 2022
Appellant, Jennifer Ann Stephenson, appeals from the order dismissing
her first petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). 1 We
affirm.
This Court previously set forth the relevant factual and procedural
history of this matter:
On December 27, 2017, police officers from the Oil City Police
Department and the Venango County Sheriff’s Department arrived
at [Appellant’s] residence at 707 Orange Street, Oil City,
Pennsylvania, in an attempt to serve a warrant on Benjamin
Kachik (“Kachik”). The officers believed Kachik was staying with
[Appellant]. [Appellant] gave the officers permission to search
her residence for Kachik. Oil City Police Chief Robert Wenner
(“Chief Wenner”) and Officer Regina Deloe (“Officer Deloe”)
entered one of the bedrooms, at which time [Appellant] indicated
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546.
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that the bedroom was not hers, and that someone else, i.e., Justin
Steetle (“Steetle”), was staying there. The officers nevertheless
checked the room and the closet, where Chief Wenner observed a
Mossburg .270 caliber rifle. Because Chief Wenner had interacted
with [Appellant] previously, he knew that [Appellant] had prior
felony convictions and was not permitted to possess a firearm.
[Appellant] was subsequently arrested and charged with persons
not to possess firearms[2] and receiving stolen property.
A jury found [Appellant] guilty of persons not to possess firearms,
and not guilty of receiving stolen property. On September 7,
2018, following preparation of a pre-sentence investigation
report, the trial court sentenced [Appellant] to a term of 5 to 10
years in prison, with credit for time served. [Appellant] filed a
timely Post-Sentence Motion, challenging the verdict as against
the weight of the evidence. The trial court denied the Post-
Sentence Motion.
Commonwealth v. Stephenson, No. 1519 WDA 2018, 2019 WL 6242296,
at *1 (Pa. Super. filed Nov. 21, 2019) (unpublished memorandum).
Appellant did not initially appeal her conviction, but her direct appeal
rights were reinstated by the PCRA court, and Appellant then filed an appeal.
On November 21, 2019, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence.
Appellant did not file a petition for allowance of appeal with our Supreme
Court.
On April 30, 2020, Appellant filed the instant, timely PCRA petition pro
se.3 PCRA counsel was subsequently appointed to represent Appellant, and
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2 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a)(1).
3 Appellant’s PCRA petition was timely as it was filed within one year of the
date her judgment of sentence became final on December 23, 2019. See 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1), (3) (PCRA petition must be filed within one year of date
judgment of sentence becomes final, which occurs at the conclusion of direct
review); Pa.R.A.P. 1113(a) (subject to exceptions not relevant here, a petition
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an evidentiary hearing was held on February 8, 2021. On February 10, 2021,
the PCRA court entered an order denying the petition. Appellant filed this
timely appeal.
Before this Court, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in not
finding that Matthew C. Parson, Esquire, Appellant’s trial counsel (“Trial
Counsel”), was ineffective based upon his failure to immediately object to
Chief Wenner’s testimony that Appellant knew there was a firearm in her
home, a statement which had not been disclosed to the defense in pre-trial
discovery. Appellant contends that Trial Counsel admitted that he had no
reasonable basis for not immediately objecting to Chief Wenner’s testimony
as he moved for a mistrial on the same grounds later at trial. Furthermore,
Appellant contends that she was prejudiced by Trial Counsel’s error because
her statement to Chief Wenner regarding knowledge of the firearm’s existence
was the primary means by which the Commonwealth proved her constructive
possession of the firearm.4
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for allowance of appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court must be filed
within 30 days after the entry of the order of the intermediate appellate court);
see also 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908 (when the last day for a statutory filing deadline
falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline shall be extended until the next
business day); Pa.R.A.P. 107 (incorporating 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908 with respect to
deadlines set forth in the Rules of Appellate Procedure).
4 The Commonwealth argues that Appellant has waived “many, if not all,” of
her appellate issues in light of the vagueness of her concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal filed pursuant to Rule of Appellate Procedure
1925(b). Commonwealth Brief at 4. It is well-established that vague and
generic claims of trial court error in a Rule 1925(b) statement are insufficient
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We review the denial of PCRA relief to decide whether the PCRA court’s
factual determinations are supported by the record and its legal conclusions
are free of error. Commonwealth v. Small, 238 A.3d 1267, 1280 (Pa.
2020). When supported by the record, the PCRA court’s factual findings and
credibility determinations are binding on this Court, but we review the lower
court’s legal conclusions under a de novo standard of review. Id. Our scope
of review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of
record, which we view in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the
party who prevailed below. Id.In assessing a claim of ineffective assistance under the PCRA, we begin
our analysis with the presumption that counsel has rendered effective
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to satisfy the rule and will lead to waiver of the appellate issues. See Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b)(4)(ii), (vii); Commonwealth v. Parrish, 224 A.3d 682, 700 (Pa.
2020). Here, Appellant raised several vague appellate issues relating to Trial
Counsel’s supposed ineffectiveness in investigating evidence prior to trial and
his awareness of the facts of the case at trial, and the PCRA court found these
issues to be waived in its Rule 1925(a) opinion. See Rule 1925(b) Statement,
2/23/21; PCRA Court Opinion, 4/26/21, at 3-4. However, Appellant did raise
in her 1925(b) statement the issue she argues in this appeal pertaining to
Trial Counsel’s delay in objecting to damaging testimony, and the PCRA court
was able to discern this issue and fully address it in the court’s opinion. See
Rule 1925(b) Statement, 2/23/21; PCRA Court Opinion, 4/26/21, at 4-5.
Therefore, we do not find waiver of the issue raised by Appellant in this appeal.
See Commonwealth v. Rogers, 250 A.3d 1209, 1224-25 (Pa. 2021)
(stating that where the Rule 1925(b) statement is imprecise as to the specific
nature of the claim, but the trial court had no difficulty in apprehending the
appellate issue and addressed it substantively in its Rule 1925(a) opinion,
appellate courts should not find waiver).
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assistance. Commonwealth v. Reid, 259 A.3d 395, 405 (Pa. 2021). To
overcome the presumption, the petitioner must show that:
(1) the underlying substantive claim has arguable merit; (2)
counsel did not have a reasonable basis for his or her act or
omission; and (3) the petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of
counsel’s deficient performance, that is, a reasonable probability
that but for counsel’s act or omission, the outcome of the
proceeding would have been different.
Id. (citation and quotation marks omitted). The defendant must satisfy all
three prongs of this test to obtain relief under the PCRA. Id.During his direct testimony, Chief Wenner stated that, immediately after
officers found the firearm in Appellant’s residence, Appellant asked to speak
with him in private and she then told him that she was working with Trooper
Jessie King of the Pennsylvania State Police as a confidential informant on
drug investigations. N.T., 8/17/18, at 26-27. The following exchange then
took place:
Q. You spoke, I guess, prior to this trooper. You were aware of
who [Trooper King] was. Correct?
A. No. I knew of Trooper King. I had not spoken to him prior to
that day.
Q. You were aware of what the vice unit was and all that?
A. I’ve worked extensively with most agencies in my time. We
work a lot with the Attorney General’s Drug Task Force. We work
combined cases with the state police. Again, other agencies. So
while I know what the entity is, troop vice is out of Erie. I had not
met Trooper King or spoke to him personally before that day.
She said, I’m working with Trooper King. I said, you need to have
him call me. It will take us some time to sort this weapon out.
You know you’re a convicted felon. You know you can’t
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possess. She goes yes, and she said, I thought he got rid
of it.
Q. Why was that statement significant to you?
A. She had knowledge it was there. She said it was Justin
Steetle’s.
Q. Is that the person she claimed was staying there [in her home]
at some point in time?
A. Yes, and his girlfriend, absolutely.
Id. at 27-28 (emphasis added).
Trial Counsel did not object at the time of this testimony. Officer Deloe,
the next witness at trial, testified that, while being transported to the station,
Appellant said that she was allowed to keep the firearm at her house because
she was working as a confidential informant and she was “advised to keep
tabs” on certain individuals. Id. at 54. On cross-examination, Officer Deloe
testified that she did not reference Appellant’s statement to Chief Wenner in
her incident report because she was not present for that conversation, and
although Chief Wenner reviewed Officer Deloe’s report, he did not ask her to
include Appellant’s statement in the report. Id. at 57-59.
Following Officer Deloe’s testimony and after a brief recess, Trial
Counsel moved for a mistrial on the basis of Chief Wenner’s testimony
concerning Appellant’s statement that she thought Steetle had “got rid of” the
firearm; Trial Counsel argued that the statement was not included in the
discovery material provided to the defense and was detrimental to Appellant’s
case. Id. at 27, 69-72. The trial court agreed that the statement to Chief
Wenner was an “inculpatory statement” that was required to be turned over
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to the defense as mandatory discovery under Rule of Criminal Procedure
573(B). Id. at 79-81; see also Pa.R.Crim.P. 573(B)(1)(b). The trial court,
however, did not view the evidence as sufficiently damaging to Appellant’s
case to warrant a mistrial; instead, the court ruled that the Commonwealth
was barred from using the statement going forward and offered to give a
curative instruction for the jury to disregard Chief Wenner’s statements. N.T.,
8/17/18, at 81-84. After discussing the matter with his client, Trial Counsel
declined the trial court’s offer of a curative instruction. Id. at 86-87.
Appellant raised the issue of the trial court’s failure to grant a mistrial
on direct appeal. This Court first concluded that there was no Brady5 violation
as Appellant’s statement to Chief Wenner was not exculpatory but rather
“could be described as inculpatory” and also because the evidence was not
exclusively within the control of the Commonwealth as it was Appellant’s own
statement. Stephenson, 2019 WL 6242296, at *3; see also
Commonwealth v. Bagnall, 235 A.3d 1075, 1086, 1091 (Pa. 2020) (no
Brady violation unless undisclosed evidence was “favorable to the accused,
either because it is exculpatory or because it impeaches” and the defendant
lacked equal access to the information).
With regard to the question of whether the trial court should have
granted a mistrial based upon a violation of Pennsylvania discovery rules, this
Court found no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s assessment that a
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5 See Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
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mistrial was not warranted because Appellant only suffered “slight prejudice
from the statement,” the trial court directed the Commonwealth not to refer
to the statement for the remainder of trial, and the court offered a curative
instruction, which Appellant declined. Stephenson, 2019 WL 6242296, at *3
(citing Trial Court Opinion, 12/21/18, at 5-7). We further stated:
We agree with the trial court’s assessment that any prejudice
resulting from the Commonwealth’s failure to disclose the
statement was minimal. Moreover, [Appellant] had the
opportunity to cross-examine Officer Deloe regarding why the
challenged statement was not included in the police report. See
N.T., 8/17/18, at 57-59, 67-68. Because we conclude that [the]
Commonwealth did not commit a Brady violation, and the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in denying a mistrial, [Appellant]
is not entitled to relief on this claim.
Id.At the PCRA hearing, Trial Counsel testified that he did not immediately
object to Chief Wenner’s testimony relating to Appellant’s statement because
at the time he was not sure whether the statement was not included in
discovery materials; after the moment passed, Trial Counsel decided to build
a record for his mistrial motion during Officer Deloe’s testimony by asking her
whether the statement was in fact included in the incident report. N.T.,
2/8/21, at 7-8. Trial Counsel viewed Appellant’s statement to Chief Wenner
as “extremely damaging” to her trial defense that she was completely unaware
of the firearm’s presence in her house. Id. at 6, 8. Trial Counsel stated that
he decided, after consultation with his client, to not request a curative
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instruction because he did not want to call undue attention to Chief Wenner’s
testimony.6 Id. at 9, 13.
The PCRA court concluded that, even assuming Appellant satisfied the
first two prongs of the ineffective assistance of counsel test, Appellant’s
ineffectiveness claim failed as she had not shown prejudice based upon Trial
Counsel’s failure to timely object to Chief Wenner’s testimony. PCRA Court
Opinion, 4/26/21, at 4.
Even if [Trial Counsel] had objected immediately, the jury still
would have heard the statement. Furthermore, the [trial c]ourt
sustained the objection and precluded any further use of the
statement as a sanction for failure to disclose it; there is nothing
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6 At the PCRA hearing, Appellant testified that Trial Counsel recommended to
her that she not elect to have the trial court administer a curative instruction
and she agreed with Trial Counsel’s recommendation that they should draw
as little attention as possible to Chief Wenner’s testimony. N.T., 2/8/21, at
25, 33-34. We note that Appellant focuses her appellate argument on Trial
Counsel’s failure to lodge a timely objection to the testimony, rather than his
decision to decline the curative instruction. However, Appellate states in one
isolated portion of the argument section of her brief that “[w]ithout a curative
instruction to the jury, the evidence came in unscathed from a factfinder
perspective.” Appellant’s Brief at unnumbered page 31. To the extent
Appellant sought to argue that Trial Counsel was ineffective for failing to
request the curative instruction, we would find this argument waived as it is
not included in Appellant’s Rule 1925(b) statement or developed in any
meaningful fashion in her brief. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); Wirth v.
Commonwealth, 95 A.3d 822, 837 (Pa. 2014). In any event, we would
conclude that Trial Counsel articulated a reasonable basis for not seeking a
curative instruction in order to not draw unnecessary attention to Chief
Wenner’s testimony, a tactic that Appellant agreed with at trial. See
Commonwealth v. Washington, 927 A.2d 586, 606-07 (Pa. 2007) (trial
counsel had reasonable basis not to seek curative instruction regarding
improperly admitted evidence on the ground that it would have highlighted
the issue to the jury to the defendant’s detriment).
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to indicate that an immediate objection by [Trial Counsel] would
alter this result in a manner more favorable to [Appellant].
Id. Echoing this Court’s opinion on the direct appeal, the PCRA court
additionally noted that any prejudice resulting from the Commonwealth’s
failure to disclose the evidence was “minimal” and that Appellant was able to
cross-examine Officer Deloe about the absence of any mention of Appellant’s
statement to Chief Wenner in in her incident report. Id. at 4-5 (quoting
Stephenson, 2019 WL 6242296, at *3).
Upon review, we agree with the PCRA court’s analysis. As explained by
the PCRA court, the trial court did in fact entertain Appellant’s untimely
objection and granted Appellant partial relief, albeit not the mistrial that
Appellant requested. This Court found no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s resolution of the issue, agreeing that Appellant was only minimally
prejudiced by the Commonwealth’s failure to disclose Chief Wenner’s
testimony in advance.7 Appellant has articulated no reason why an earlier
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7 We note that, while Trial Counsel testified that the admission of Appellant’s
statement to Chief Wenner was in effect a “confession” and severely
undermined Appellant’s defense that she was completely unaware that there
was a firearm in her house, N.T., 2/8/21, at 6, 8, this was not her only
statement admitted at trial that contradicted her defense and showed her
awareness of the firearm in her house. Appellant also told Officer Deloe that
she was allowed to have a firearm in her house because she was “keep[ing]
tabs” on certain indviduals in her role as a confidential informant. N.T.,
8/7/18, at 54. Trooper King of the Pennsylvania State Police testified that
while Appellant did act as a confidential informant with his unit for one
controlled purchase, she was never authorized to keep a firearm in her house.
Id. at 91-92. Furthermore, unlike Appellant’s conversation with Chief
Wenner, her statement to Officer Deloe indicated her knowledge that the
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objection would have led to a more favorable result, whether before the trial
court or on direct appeal. Furthermore, even if Trial Counsel had timely
objected, it would not have avoided the jury hearing the objectionable
testimony and an immediate objection could have served to highlight Chief
Wenner’s testimony for the jury, as Trial Counsel recognized during his
testimony at the PCRA hearing. N.T., 2/8/21, at 8. Moreover, by not
immediately objecting, Trial Counsel took advantage of the opportunity of
casting some doubt on the veracity of Chief Wenner’s testimony by eliciting
testimony from Officer Deloe that Chief Wenner had reviewed her incident
report and signed off on it, even though it failed to include Appellant’s
statements to him. N.T., 8/17/18, at 57-59.
Accordingly, we conclude that the PCRA court’s determination that
Appellant was not prejudiced by Trial Counsel’s untimely objection is
supported by the record and free of legal error. Reid, 259 A.3d at 405. As
Appellant did not suffer prejudice from Trial Counsel’s untimely objection, her
ineffectiveness claim necessarily fails. Id. We therefore affirm the denial of
PCRA relief.
Order affirmed.
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firearm was currently in her home, not just that it had been in her home at
some earlier time but she thought it had been removed by her lodger.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/11/2022
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