Hausmann, E. v. Bernd, R. ( 2022 )

J-A03032-22
2022 PA Super 27ERNEST FREDERICK HAUSMANN : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
AND BONNIE LYNN HAUSMANN : PENNSYLVANIA
:
Appellants :
:
:
v. :
:
: No. 1024 EDA 2021
ROGER L. BERND AND GOOD :
PLUMBING HEATING AND AIR :
CONDITIONING, INC. AND KRATZ :
ENTERPRISES, INC. :
Appeal from the Order Entered May 6, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
No(s): 200103657
BEFORE: STABILE, J., DUBOW, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
OPINION BY McCAFFERY, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 17, 2022
Ernest Frederick Hausmann and Bonnie Lynn Hausmann (collectively
Appellants) appeal from the order entered in the Philadelphia County Court of
Common Pleas, sustaining preliminary objections to improper venue filed by
Roger L. Bernd, Good Plumbing and Air Conditioning, Inc. (Good Plumbing),
and Kratz Enterprises, Inc. (Kratz) (collectively Appellees), and transferring
the action to the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas. On appeal,
Appellants contend the trial court erred in concluding their chosen venue was
improper when the corporate Appellees regularly and habitually conduct
business in Philadelphia County which was sufficient to satisfy the quality and
quantity test recently affirmed by this Court in Hangey v. Husqvarna, 247
A.3d 1136 (Pa. Super. 2021) (en banc). For the reasons below, we affirm.
J-A03032-22
The facts underlying this action, as pled in Appellants’ civil complaint,
are as follows. On July 1, 2019, Appellant Ernest Hausmann was operating
Appellants’ Honda CRV on South Main Street in Hatfield Township,
Montgomery County, when a GMC Siena, operated by Appellee Bernd, and
owned by Appellee Good Plumbing, failed to stop at a red light and struck the
Honda. See Appellants’ Complaint, 10/6/20, at §§ 7, 10-12. Appellants
maintain that Ernest suffered severe injuries as a result of Appellees’
negligence, and Appellant Bonnie Lee suffered the loss of consortium. See
id. at §§ 17-23, 27. Appellants further allege that at the time of the accident,
Bernd was acting within the scope of his employment as an employee of Good
Plumbing and/or Appellee Kratz.1 Id. at § 6.
Relevant to this appeal, the complaint acknowledged that Appellants and
Bernd live in Montgomery County, and both Good Plumbing and Kratz
Enterprise share the same business address in Montgomery County. See id.
at §§ 1-4. However, they averred that because Good Plumbing and Kraft
Enterprises “conduct business within Philadelphia County[,] venue is
appropriate in Philadelphia County[.]” Id. at § 5. Based on this belief,
Appellants initiated this action in the Philadelphia County Court of Common
____________________________________________
1 The record does not disclose the relationship between Good Plumbing and
Kratz Enterprises. As noted infra, Appellants assert the companies share the
same business address. See Appellants’ Complaint at §§ 3-4. Furthermore,
as part of filings in this case, Appellees submitted an affidavit from Terri
Goertel, who states she is the “Manager of Business Operations for . . . Good
Plumbing . . . and Kratz[.]” Appellees’ Preliminary Objections, Exhibit B,
Affidavit of Terri Goertel.
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Pleas by filing a writ of summons on January 30, 2020. They subsequently
filed a civil complaint on October 6, 2020, raising one count each of negligence
and loss of consortium.
On October 26th, Appellees filed preliminary objections, raising
improper venue and challenging the sufficiency of the pleadings.2 See
Appellees’ Preliminary Objections, 10/26/20, at §§ 7-19. With regard to
venue, Appellees first asserted venue as to Bernd was only proper in
Montgomery County, because that was where he could be served and where
the cause of action arose.3 Id. at §§ 10-11. Moreover, Appellees also
maintained that venue in Philadelphia was improper as to Good Plumbing and
Kratz because the revenue they derived in Philadelphia was “simply too small
upon which to base venue” in that county. Id. at § 15. In support, they
attached to their filing an affidavit from Goertel, manager of business
operations for Good Plumbing and Kratz, which averred: (1) during the years
2016 to 2019, Appellees’ total revenue was $57,820,711.68; (2) during that
same time period, their total revenue in Philadelphia County was
$[158,340.90]; and (3) thus, Appellees’ revenue in Philadelphia County
____________________________________________
2Due to its disposition of the venue issue, the trial court did not address the
preliminary objection concerning the sufficiency of the negligence claim. See
Trial Ct. Op., 8/25/21, at 2 n.2. Thus, that issue is not before us on appeal.
3 See Pa.R.C.P. 1006(a)(1) (“an action against an individual may be brought
in and only in a county in which . . . the individual may be served or in which
the cause of action arose or where a transaction or occurrence took place out
of which the cause of action arose”).
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represented less than 1% of its total revenue.4 See Affidavit of Terri Goertel.
Alternatively, they requested the court order evidence by deposition or
otherwise to show that venue in Philadelphia is not proper. Appellees’
Preliminary Objections at § 16.
Appellants filed a response in opposition to Appellees’ preliminary
objections. They averred that Appellees’ responses to pretrial interrogatories
“unequivocally establish a regular pattern” of business conducted in
Philadelphia County. See Appellants’ Response in Opposition to Appellees’
Preliminary Objections, 11/10/20, at § 12. The answers to the interrogatories
reflected the following, in relevant part:
INTERROGATORY 3:
State your total sales by year to customers residing or with offices
located in Philadelphia County from 2016 through and including
2019.
RESPONSE:
2016-$56,053.92
2017-$50,864.85
2018-$19,859.92
____________________________________________
4 Appellees later conceded the Affidavit contained two errors. First, the
affidavit stated the amount of revenue the corporate Appellees derived from
Philadelphia County during the relevant period was $126,778.69; however,
they agreed the amount should have been $158,340.90, the same figure they
provided to Appellants in their answers to interrogatories. See Appellees’
Response to Supplemental Memorandum of Law in Further Support of
Appellants’ Opposition to Appellees’ Preliminary Objections, 4/19/21, at 2 n.1.
Second, they acknowledged a typographical error concerning the percentage
value of their business in Philadelphia. Id. at 2. While Goertel attested the
value was .0027%, Appellees conceded that was an “inadvertent mistake” and
the value was actually .27%, still less than 1% of their total business. Id.
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2019-$31,562.21
INTERROGATORY 4:
For the period 2016 through and including 2019, did you deliver
products and/or service customers within Philadelphia County? If
so, for each year state the number of deliveries of such products
sold and/or service provided to such customers.
RESPONSE:
2016-43
2017-38
2018-21
2019-24
Id. at § 12, citing Appellants’ Interrogatories Addressed to Good Plumbing in
Aid of Preparation of a Complaint, and Responses of Good Plumbing to
Appellants’ Interrogatories.5
They also attached to their Response two printouts of a City of
Philadelphia “Public Activity License Search” reflecting that a “Robert Kratz”
had an active commercial activity license in Philadelphia since January of
2005.6 See id., Exhibit C. Thus, they averred that Appellants’ responses to
their interrogatories “reflect a pattern of regularly conducting business in the
City of Philadelphia from 2016 to the present, including the generation of
____________________________________________
5Appellants attached their Interrogatories and Good Plumbing’s Responses as
Exhibits A and B.
6 In their accompanying Memorandum of Law, Appellants stated that
“[r]ecords available through the Corporation Bureau of the State Department
of Pennsylvania reveal a gentleman by the name of Robert Kratz as an owner
or director of Good Plumbing[.]” Appellees’ Memorandum of Law in Further
Support of [ ] Opposition to Appellants’ Preliminary Objections, 11/10/21, at
3 (unpaginated). However, they did not attach any supporting documentation
to their filings.
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substantial revenue and more than 100 business transactions through the
relevant time period.” Id. at ¶ 14.
On November 25, 2020, the trial court issued a rule to show cause why
Appellees’ preliminary objections should be granted. Rule, 11/25/20. The
court’s order directing that supplemental briefs, and accompanying discovery
including depositions and/or affidavits, be filed with the court by January 11,
2021. Id. The trial court aptly summarized the ensuing procedural history
as follows:
On January 5[ ], 2021, a joint stipulation was filed with the Court
extending the deadline for all parties to file supplemental briefs
until April 2[nd]. This stipulation was stricken by the Court.
[Appellees] filed a [joint] motion for reconsideration on January
21[ ], 2021 as to the denial of the joint stipulation. On January
25th, . . . this Court denied the motion for reconsideration by an
Order of the Court which included the following in a footnote: “If
the parties need more time to comply with this Court’s Rule
Returnable, the Court will entertain a motion seeking such relief,
however, the Court will not permit the parties to change its Rule
by Stipulation. Additionally, Counsel are reminded to review the
Philadelphia Local Rules of Civil Procedure, specifically Phila.R.C.P.
208.3(b)(2)(A)(ii).”
On February 4[ ], 2021, [Appellants] filed a [joint] motion
for an extension of time to file supplemental briefs. Pursuant to
the Motion, the purpose of the extension was due to an agreement
to mediate the dispute on March 16th . . . in pursuit of a
settlement. On March 15th, 2021 this Court granted [the] motion
extending the deadline to file supplemental briefs until April 2[ ],
2021. On March 24th, [Appellees] filed a second [joint] motion
for extension of time to file supplemental briefs. [T]he parties
[stated that they] did, in fact, go to mediation on March 16th[.]
However, . . . the status at the time was “the parties are
continuing with negotiations.” Furthermore, it was asserted . . .
“the parties earnestly believe that the pending venue dispute in
its current unresolved status is a litigation dispute that could
impact settlement position of both parties and ultimately assist in
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the resolution of this dispute.” The parties were seeking to extend
the deadline to file supplemental briefs until May 30[ ], 2021, a
date which [was] over five (5) months from the original deadline
and seventeen (17) months from the commencement of the
instant litigation. At [that] point, apparently neither party had
taken a deposition as allowed by this Court’s rule to show cause.
The only evidence presented was a sworn affidavit by Terri Goertel
provided by [Appellees], as an exhibit to their preliminary
objections, and [Appellees’] answers to interrogatories.
[Before the trial court ruled on the second motion for
extension of time,7 o]n April [5,] 2021[, Appellees] filed a
supplemental brief in support of their preliminary objections. On
April 12th, [Appellants] filed a supplemental brief in support of
their opposition to [Appellees’] preliminary objections. . . . On
April 19th, [Appellees] filed a reply brief in response to
[Appellants’] supplemental brief. On May 6[ ], 2021, this Court
sustained [Appellees’] preliminary objections and transferred this
matter to the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas.
Trial Ct. Op., 8/25/21, at 2-4 (record citation and footnotes omitted). This
timely appeal follows.8
Appellants raise one issue on appeal:
Whether the trial court erred in sustaining [Appellees’] Preliminary
Objections and determining that [Appellants’] chosen forum of the
Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas was an improper
venue as to the corporate [Appellees’] Good Plumbing . . . and
Kratz . . . pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2179
where such corporate [Appellees] (i) regularly conduct business
within Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, (ii) have conducted
such business over a number of years so as to be “habitual”, and
(iii) the extent of such business is sufficient to satisfy the “quantity
and quality” test adopted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and
most recently addressed by the Pennsylvania Superior Court in
____________________________________________
7The trial court subsequently denied the motion on April 16, 2021. See Order,
4/16/21.
8Appellants complied with the trial court’s directive to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)
concise statement of errors complained of on appeal.
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Hangey v. Husqvarna, [247 A.3d 1136] (Pa. Super. 2021) [(en
banc)]?]
Appellants’ Brief at 4.
Appellants’ sole issue on appeal challenges the trial court’s order
sustaining Appellees’ preliminary objection to improper venue and transferring
this action to the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas. Our standard
of review is well-settled:
[A] trial court’s decision to transfer venue will not be disturbed
absent an abuse of discretion. A [p]laintiff’s choice of forum is to
be given great weight, and the burden is on the party challenging
the choice to show it was improper. However, a plaintiff’s choice
of venue is not absolute or unassailable. Indeed, if there exists
any proper basis for the trial court’s decision to grant a petition to
transfer venue, the decision must stand.
Anthony v. Parx Casino, 190 A.3d 605, 607 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation
omitted).
The venue dispute in the present case concerns only proper venue as to
the corporate Appellees. Because Bernd lives in Montgomery County, and the
accident occurred in Montgomery County, venue as to Bernd is proper only in
Montgomery County. See Pa.R.C.P. 1006(a)(1) (action may be brought
against individual in county where individual may be served or where cause
of action arose). Nevertheless, Rule 1006(c)(1) provides that when, as here,
an action seeks “joint and several liability against two or more defendants, [it]
may be brought against all defendants in any county in which the venue
may be laid against any one of the defendants[.]” Pa.R.C.P. 1006(c)(1)
(emphasis added). Thus, if venue in Philadelphia County is proper for the
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corporate Appellees, then Appellants may properly file the action in
Philadelphia County against all three defendants.
Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 2179(a) provides that an action
may be brought against a corporation “in and only in[:]”
(1) the county where its registered office or principal place of
business is located;
(2) a county where it regularly conducts business;
(3) the county where the cause of action arose; [or]
(4) a county where a transaction or occurrence took place out
of which the cause of action arose[.]
Pa.R.C.P. 2179(a)(1)-(4). Here, Appellants rely upon subsection (a)(2) to
support venue in Philadelphia County. They insist the corporate Appellees
“regularly conduct[ ] business” in Philadelphia County. Pa.R.C.P. 2179(a)(2).
See Appellant’s Brief at 14.
Although the term “regularly conducts business” is not defined in the
Rules, this Court, sitting en banc in Hangey, summarized the relevant
considerations:
When determining whether venue is proper, “each case rests on
its own facts,” Purcell v. Bryn Mawr Hosp., 525 Pa. 237, 579
A.2d 1282, 1286 (1990), and “[t]he question is whether the acts
are being ‘regularly’ performed within the context of the particular
business.” Monaco v. Montgomery Cab Co., 417 Pa. 135, 208
A.2d 252, 256 (1965). Further, in the venue context, “regularly”
does not mean “principally,” and a defendant “may perform acts
‘regularly’ even though these acts make up a small part of its total
activities.” Canter v. Am. Honda Motor Corp., 426 Pa. 38, 231
A.2d 140, 142 (1967).
In determining whether venue is proper under this rule,
courts “employ a quality-quantity analysis.” Zampana-Barry[ v.
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Donaghue], 921 A.2d [500,] 503[ (Pa. Super. 2007)]. “The term
‘quality of acts’ means those directly, furthering, or essential to,
corporate objects; they do not include incidental acts.” Monaco,
208 A.2d at 256 (quoting Shambe v. Delaware & Hudson R.R.
Co., 288 Pa. 240, 135 A. 755, 757 (1927)). To satisfy the quantity
prong of this analysis, acts must be “sufficiently continuous so as
to be considered habitual.” Zampana-Barry, 921 A.2d at 504.
Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1141. Further, the venue rules
exclusively address where venue properly may be laid at the time
the suit is initiated. Thus, question of improper venue is answered
by taking a snapshot of the case at the time it is initiated: if it is
“proper” at that time, it remains “proper” throughout the
litigation.
Zappala v. Brandolini Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 909 A.2d 1272, 1281 (Pa. 2006).
As noted above, the burden is on the party challenging venue — in this
case, the corporate Appellees — to show the plaintiff’s chosen venue is
improper. See Anthony, 190 A.3d at 607. However, once they properly raise
the issue of venue and provide “some evidence . . . to dispel or rebut the
plaintiff’s” choice, the burden shifts back to the party asserting proper venue,
i.e., Appellants. See Deyarmin v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 931 A.2d 1, 9
(Pa. Super. 2007) (citation omitted) (discussing burden shifting when raising
question as to jurisdiction and applying to objections as to venue).9
____________________________________________
9 Although our research has uncovered no published decisions relying upon
the burden-shifting language in Deyarmin, this Court has discussed, and
applied, this language in two recent unpublished memorandum decisions:
Abdelaziz v. B. Braun Medical Inc., 1550 EDA 2020 (unpub. memo. at 11-
13) (Pa. Super. filed 8/3/21); Silva v. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 2729
EDA 2019 (unpub. memo. at 12-13) (Pa. Super. filed 7/28/20). See Pa.R.A.P.
126(b)(1)-(2) (unpublished non-precedential memorandum decisions of
Superior Court filed after May 1, 2019, may be cited for persuasive value).
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Here, Appellants contend the quantity and quality of the corporate
Appellees’ business activities in Philadelphia County was sufficient to establish
they regularly conduct business in Philadelphia, and thereby justify venue in
that county pursuant to Rule 2179(a)(2). See Appellants’ Brief at 23-24, 26.
They emphasize that the corporate Appellees derived .27% of their total
revenue from 2016 through 2019 from activities in Philadelphia County, and
maintained a business license in Philadelphia. See id. at 22, 24. Further,
Appellants assert the corporate Appellees’ answers to their interrogatories
establish this revenue was from “a concerted and intentional pattern over a
number of years involving over one hundred homes and/or businesses.” Id.
at 23-24. They insist the fact that the corporate Appellees “entered the homes
and business places of Philadelphians for the purpose of providing service to
HVAC systems, more than 125 times[,]” demonstrates the quality component
of the venue analysis. Id. at 26 (emphasis omitted). Indeed, Appellants
contend this Court’s en banc decision in Hangey is controlling. See id. at 18.
We begin with a discussion of Hangey. In that case, the plaintiff
husband was maimed in August of 2016 when he fell off a Husqvarna riding
lawnmower. Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1139. The accident occurred at the
plaintiffs’ property in Wayne County; the plaintiffs had purchased the mower
from defendant Trumbauer’s Lawn and Recreation in Bucks County. See id.
The plaintiffs (husband and wife) subsequently filed a lawsuit in Philadelphia
County against five defendants — including Trumbauer’s and Husqvarna
Professional Products, Inc. (HPP) — asserting claims of negligence, strict
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liability, and loss of consortium. Id. The defendants filed preliminary
objections to, inter alia, improper venue, and the trial court permitted the
parties to conduct pretrial discovery on that issue. Id.
Relevant herein, the discovery revealed the following. Trumbauer’s
principal place of business was in Bucks County, and it did not regularly
conduct business in Philadelphia. Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1139. HPP was a
Delaware corporation, with a principal place of business in North Carolina. Id.
With regard to its business activities in Philadelphia,
[i]n 2016, [HPP] had approximately $1.4 billion in sales revenue
in the United States, of which $75,310.00 came from direct sales
in Philadelphia County. Of the $75,000 in sales made in
Philadelphia in 2016, roughly $69,700 came from a single
Husqvarna authorized dealer[.] Approximately 0.005% of [HPP's]
2016 United States sales revenue resulted from direct sales in
Philadelphia County. Sales data from 2014 and 2015 is
substantially similar, with approximately 0.005% of Husqvarna's
annual United States sale revenue resulting from direct sales
within Philadelphia County. These sales figures do not include the
revenue generated by selling Husqvarna products at “big box”
retailers such as Home Depot, Lowe’s, or Sears. In the case of
“big box” retailers, John Stanfield, the corporate representative
for [HPP], testified that [HPP] delivers its products to the retailers’
distribution centers, none of which are located in Philadelphia
County. Once the Husqvarna products are delivered to the
retailers’ distribution centers, the retailers retain sole discretion
as to where the products will be offered for sale, including stores
located in Philadelphia County.
Id. (citations omitted). The trial court sustained the defendants’ preliminary
objections and transferred the case to Bucks County. Id. at 1140.
Specifically, the trial court concluded:
HPP’s contacts satisfied the quality prong of the venue analysis,
but did not satisfy the quantity prong. The court reasoned that
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only 0.005% of HPP’s national revenue came from sales in
Philadelphia and concluded that because this amount was “de
minimis,” HPP’s contact with Philadelphia was not general and
habitual.
Id.
On appeal, an en banc panel of this Court reversed, concluding that
HPP’s “contacts with Philadelphia — including having an authorized dealer in
Philadelphia, and selling $75,310 worth of products through that dealer in
2016 in Philadelphia — were ‘sufficiently continuous so as to be considered
habitual.’” Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1143. While HPP’s Philadelphia sales
constituted only .005% of the company’s revenue in 2016, the Hangey panel
explained:
The percentage of a company’s overall business that it
conducts in a given county, standing alone, is not meaningful and
is not determinative of the “quantity” prong. Each case turns on
its own facts, and we must evaluate evidence of the extent of a
defendant’s business against the nature of the business at issue.
A small or local business may do all of its work in just a few
counties or even a single one, while a large business may span
the entire nation. Indeed, the percentage of sales a multi-
billion-dollar company makes in a particular county will
almost always be a tiny percentage of its total sales.
Courts thus should not consider percentages in isolation.
Rather, courts must consider all of the evidence in context
to determine whether the defendant’s business activities in
the county were regular, continuous, and habitual.
Here, HPP is a multi-billion-dollar corporation. It had at
least one authorized dealer located in Philadelphia to which it
delivered products for sale. Although HPP’s sales through
authorized dealers in Philadelphia constituted only 0.005% of
HPP’s national sales, the dollar figure of those Philadelphia sales
in 2016 was $75,310. The number and dollar figure of sales in
Philadelphia, and the fact that HPP has an authorized dealer in
Philadelphia to sell its products, is relevant to the determination
of whether HPP’s contacts with Philadelphia satisfied the
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“quantity” prong of the venue analysis. Therefore, we conclude
the trial court erred in relying almost exclusively on evidence of
the percentage of defendant’s business that occurred in
Philadelphia when addressing the quantity prong.
* * *
In reaching this conclusion, we do not find it necessary to
approve or disapprove of any of our prior decisions. Rather, our
conclusion is based on the prior precedents of the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court and consistent with those of our Court. However,
as discussed above, we clarify that the percentage of sales of
a corporation in a venue is but one factor to consider when
determining whether the quantity prong of the venue
analysis is satisfied, and such evidence must be viewed within
the context of the business at issue in each case.
Id. at 1142-43 (emphases added). Thus, the en banc panel reversed the
order of the trial court sustaining the defendants’ preliminary objections.10
Here, Appellants’ argument rests primarily on the ruling in Hangey.
They emphasize that the “dollar value of sales within the venue” in Hangey
(.005%) was less than the percentage in the present case (.27%). Appellant’s
Brief at 19; see also id. at 23 (noting corporate Appellees “do nearly 6 times
the business of the defendant in” Hangey). Additionally, they assert the
corporate Appellees’ “continued sales over the course of several years
demonstrate that [its] business activities in Philadelphia are ‘habitual.’” Id.
at 23 (footnote omitted). Indeed, Appellants argue “[t]he pattern established
both by revenue and by the number of households or businesses to which [the
corporate Appellees] provided service demonstrates” its business within
____________________________________________
10 We note Judge Victor Stabile filed a Dissenting Opinion, joined by Judge
Megan King, in which he stated he “would conclude the trial court acted within
its permissible discretion in sustaining preliminary objections to venue in
Philadelphia County.” Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1143 (Dissenting Op., Stabile J.).
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Philadelphia was “general or habitual even if only a small component of the
total revenue[.]” Id. at 25 (emphasis omitted).
Appellants also point out that the corporate defendant in Hangey was
“an international corporation with little to no personal interaction within the
venue . . . but rather engaged in sales through a single distributor.”
Appellants’ Brief at 19-20. Conversely, here, they insist the corporate
Appellees “have intentional and highly personal contacts within the forum” —
including dispatching employees from their Montgomery County office “to
provide service to Philadelphia customers” and maintaining a “business license
in Philadelphia County[, thus] purposefully avail[ing] itself of the jurisdiction.”
Id. at 24. With regard to the “quality prong,” Appellants maintain the
corporate Appellees “appear to concede” this prong is met because their
preliminary objections were based “solely on the limited ‘quantity’ of revenue
generated[.]” Id. at 27. In any event, they insist that the “HVAC and
plumbing services [the corporate Appellees provided] to homeowners and
businesses in Philadelphia County” constitute the “very core of [their] business
activities[.]” Id. at 27-28.
In sustaining Appellees’ preliminary objection to venue, the trial court
found that the corporate Appellees are “Montgomery County based companies
that overwhelmingly conduct their business in Montgomery County.” Trial Ct.
Op. at 7. Further, the court concluded Hangey did not compel a different
result, but rather emphasized trial courts “should not merely analyze the
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percent of business conducted in a county when presented with other factors.”
Id.
In addressing Appellants’ claims, the court opined:
[Appellants’] argument is entirely reliant on comparing
revenue derived from Philadelphia County to total revenue and a
total figure of deliveries and/or services provided in Philadelphia
County over a four year period. Other than a mere mention of
having an active business license in the city of Philadelphia,
[Appellants have] not provided this Court any other information
to support [their] position [the corporate Appellees] regularly
conduct business in Philadelphia. . . .
Trial Ct. Op. at 7 (footnote omitted). Furthermore, the court compared the
“comprehensive” discovery in Hangey — which included “multiple
depositions, exhibits, affidavits, tables and other verified facts” — with the
“bereft of evidence” in the present case, namely responses to two
interrogatory questions and one affidavit. Id. Even considering the limited
evidence before it, the court noted that the amount of business the corporate
Appellees conducted in Philadelphia had “been on a considerable downward
trajectory” from 2016 to 2019. Id. at 9 (comparing 81 service calls amounting
to $106,918.77 in revenue in 2016-17, to 45 service calls amounting to
$51,422.13 in revenue in 2018-19). The trial court opined that it would be
“inappropriate” to simply compare the percentage of business revenue the
corporate Appellees derived from Philadelphia in the present case to the
percentage deemed sufficient in Hangey. Id. at 9.
Upon our review, we detect no abuse of discretion on the part of the
trial court in sustaining the corporate Appellees’ preliminary objections to
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venue and transferring the case to Montgomery County. Anthony, 190 A.3d
at 607.
We conclude Appellants’ argument herein, which purports to rely on
Hangey, in actuality undermines the holding in that case. Appellants first
highlight the fact that the percentage of revenue the corporate Appellees
generated from Philadelphia in the present case (.27%) is “nearly 6 times the
business of the defendant” in Hangey (.005%), which an en banc panel of
this Court deemed to be of sufficient quantity for venue purposes. See
Appellants’ Brief at 23. This argument, however, contradicts the holding in
Hangey:
[T]he percentage of sales of a corporation in a venue is but one
factor to consider when determining whether the quantity prong
of the venue analysis is satisfied, and such evidence must be
viewed within the context of the business at issue in each case.
Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1143 (emphasis added). Indeed, the Hangey Court
determined HPP’s contacts with Philadelphia were sufficient to justify venue in
Philadelphia based on the “totality of the evidence” — specifically that HPP had
“an authorized dealer in Philadelphia, and [sold] $75,310 worth of products
through that dealer in 2016 in Philadelphia[.]” Id. Further, the Court noted
that HPP was a “multi-billion-dollar company” so that the fact the percentage
of revenue in Philadelphia County was small was not determinative. Id. at
1142.
In contrast, here, the limited record before us reveals that the corporate
Appellees generated $57,820,711.68 in revenue over a four-year period, with
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only $126,778.69 of that revenue generated from Philadelphia — equating to
.27% of their total revenue. Although this percentage is greater than that in
Hangey, we emphasize that the relevant time period is when the action was
initiated. See Zappala, 909 A.2d at 1281. Indeed, the discovery provided
in Hangey was limited to the year 2016, when the accident occurred. See
Hangey, 247 A.3d at 1139. Here, the motor vehicle accident occurred in July
of 2019, and Appellants filed suit in January of 2020. Thus, the corporate
Appellees’ 2019 revenue from Philadelphia would be the most relevant
consideration. The record before us reveals only that the “number of
deliveries of . . . products sold and/or service provided” to customers in
Philadelphia for the year 2019 was “24,” and that their “total sales . . . to
customers residing or with offices located in Philadelphia County” during that
year was “$31,562.21.” See Appellants’ Response in Opposition to Appellees’
Preliminary Objections at § 12. As the trial court noted in its opinion, it was
“not provided with comparative figures as to total revenue earned elsewhere
or even the total revenue for the year 2019[,]” and that the 2019 figures
reflected a decrease from the number of service calls and revenue generated
in 2016. See Trial Ct. Op. at 7, 9. Thus, the .27% revenue percentage
Appellants’ highlight in their claim is misleading.
Furthermore, once the corporate Appellees provided some evidence to
“dispel or rebut” Appellants’ choice of forum, it was incumbent upon Appellants
to demonstrate venue was nevertheless proper in Philadelphia County. See
Deyarmin, 931 A.2d at 9. However, despite being provided ample time to
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conduct depositions or seek additional interrogatory responses, Appellants did
not conduct or demand further discovery. As such, we conclude the trial court
acted well within its discretion when it determined the information before it
was insufficient to justify venue in Philadelphia County.11
Accordingly, we affirm the order sustaining Appellees’ preliminary
objections, and transferring the underlying action to Montgomery County.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/17/2022
____________________________________________
11 We note Appellants also argue the corporate Appellees had a “personal
presence in Philadelphia to deliver equipment or provide service” and engaged
in a “concerted an intentional pattern over a number of years involving over
one hundred homes and/or businesses.” Appellants’ Brief at 20, 23-24. This
claim, too, is not borne out by the record. Further, Appellants’ contention
concerning the purported business license is also not supported by competent
evidence.
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