Com. v. Gaskin-Jones, N. ( 2022 )

J-S02023-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
NATHANIEL GASKIN-JONES :
:
Appellant : No. 622 EDA 2021
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 11, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0001151-2019
BEFORE: OLSON, J., KING, J., and McCAFFERY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 22, 2022
Appellant, Nathaniel Gaskin-Jones, appeals from the judgment of
sentence entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, following
his open guilty plea to third-degree murder, burglary, and other offenses. We
affirm.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows. On
February 26, 2019, the Commonwealth charged Appellant with the following
offenses: murder, conspiracy to commit murder, burglary, violations of the
Uniform Firearms Act, and possession of an instrument of crime.1 On October
15, 2020, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to third degree murder,
burglary, conspiracy to commit burglary, and a violation of the Uniform
____________________________________________
1See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502, 903(c), 3502(a)(1)(i), 6106(a)(1), 6108, and
907(a), respectively.
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Firearms Act. The Commonwealth nolle prossed the remaining charges.
During the guilty plea hearing, the trial court conducted an extensive
plea colloquy. The court explained the elements of the offenses of which
Appellant had been charged, and the potential sentences associated with
those offenses. (See N.T. Plea Hearing, 10/15/20, at 9-18). The
Commonwealth discussed the evidence that it could introduce, including
surveillance video and eye-witness testimony that Appellant entered the
victim’s house, Appellant’s statement identifying himself on the video entering
the victim’s house, and a statement from a co-conspirator identifying
Appellant as the shooter. (See id. at 20-23, 44-45). The court explained the
process that occurs when a defendant enters a guilty plea that is open as to
sentencing. (Id. at 24-29).
Defense counsel stated that, prior to the hearing, Appellant had not
indicated whether he intended to plead guilty and asked for a new lawyer.
(Id. at 34). The court stated that Appellant had the right to appointed
counsel, but not to appointment of the attorney of his choice. (Id. at 38-39).
The court then determined that, based on counsel’s performance on the case
thus far, it did not see any reason to remove counsel. (Id. at 42). The court
recessed to give Appellant additional time to speak with his attorney and to
review the written guilty plea colloquy.
After reconvening, the court reviewed the written plea colloquy that
Appellant had signed. (Id. at 49-50; Written Guilty Plea Colloquy, 10/15/20).
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The court engaged in another extensive colloquy to ensure Appellant
understood his rights and was entering a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary
plea. (See N.T Plea Hearing at 50-55).
Appellant admitted to the following recitation of the facts:
On August 7th of 2018, [the decedent] was inside his home
at 2093 Anchor Street. At approximately 6:05 p.m.,
[Appellant], along with two other men, were walking on
Anchor Street towards [the decedent’s] home. [Appellant]
approached the porch, ascended the steps to the front door,
and entered without knocking. But after a brief pause at
the door, all three men entered the house.
A few moments after they entered, neighbors outside heard
multiple gunshots from the house. During the shooting, the
two males who accompanied [Appellant] ran from the house
and then . . . more shots were heard. And then after the
shooting was completed, [Appellant] was observed running
from the house.
As [Appellant] left the house, he could be seen placing
something inside of a black bag that he has on his arm or
on his shoulder.
The decedent was found inside the home naked on the
second floor. He was shot six times in the head, neck and
torso. An eyewitness, who knows [Appellant], saw him go
into the house and run out after the shooting stopped.
[Appellant’s] phone was confiscated during his arrest and
pictures of him posing with the handgun were found inside
that phone. The handgun matched the FCCs recovered from
the scene, which were .45-caliber.
* * *
. . . [I]n a statement given to police, [Appellant] identified
himself in this video as the person leading the other two into
the house before the murder, and as the person leaving
after the murder.
[Appellant] used to be a tenant of the decedent. He rented
a room in the basement. Prior to this, [Appellant] and the
decedent had accused each other of stealing clothes, and
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the decedent had evicted [Appellant].
(Id. at 56-58).
Appellant explained that he went to the decedent’s residence with two
other individuals, including Appellant’s cousin Shahid Young who had been to
the residence before, to help move Appellant’s belongings out of the house.
Appellant claimed that it was Shahid Young’s idea to commit the burglary.
(Id. at 59). Appellant also stated that while he was committing the burglary,
there was an altercation between the decedent and himself after the decedent
caught him. Appellant admitted that, during that altercation, he was the one
who took the gun out and fired. (Id. at 60). In response to the court’s
questions, Appellant explained that he intended to retrieve some clothing and
a game system that he had left behind when he was evicted the week prior.
(Id. at 61-64). He also planned on taking the decedent’s television. (Id. at
65-66). The court then accepted Appellant’s guilty plea to the above-
mentioned crimes. (Id. at 70).
On February 11, 2021, at the start of Appellant’s sentencing hearing,
defense counsel stated that Appellant told her that morning that he wanted to
withdraw his guilty plea and proceed to trial. (See N.T. Sentencing Hearing,
2/11/21, at 15-16). The trial court recessed to review the notes of testimony
of the guilty plea hearing. The court then reviewed on the record the facts
admitted to during the plea colloquy as well as discussions between Appellant
and the court. (See id. at 16-26). The court concluded that “[g]iven the
extensive colloquy” and the fact that Appellant was under oath and bound by
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his answers, “permitting [Appellant] to withdraw [his] plea . . . would not
promote fairness and justice.” (Id. at 26). Accordingly, the court denied
Appellant’s request to withdraw his plea. It then sentenced him to an
aggregate term of seventeen (17) to thirty-four (34) years of incarceration.
(Id. at 72).
On February 12, 2021, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion to
withdraw his guilty plea; he filed an amended motion on February 15, 2021,
adding a sentencing claim. The trial court denied the motions on February 17,
2021. On February 22, 2021, the court issued a supplemental order denying
the post-sentence motions and granting trial counsel’s motion to withdraw.
On March 18, 2021, Appellant timely filed a pro se notice of appeal. On
March 23, 2021, the court appointed appellate counsel, and, on March 26,
2021, it ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of
on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant complied with the court’s
order.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issue:
Did the trial court err by failing to adequately [colloquy]
[Appellant] on his [third-]degree murder plea and then
subsequently disallow him to withdraw it?
(Appellant’s Brief at 7).
Appellant claims that the trial court erred when it denied his pre-
sentence request to withdraw his guilty plea because the plea was not
knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Appellant contends that “the terms of his
guilty plea were ambiguous, unclear, and have been the source of great
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confusion.” (Id. at 13) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
Appellant asserts that he did not know the elements of third-degree murder
when he pled guilty to that crime. Appellant concludes his guilty plea to third-
degree murder was unknowing, unintelligent, and involuntary, and this Court
must vacate and remand for further proceedings. We disagree.
As a general rule, the entry of a guilty plea constitutes a waiver of all
defects and defenses except lack of jurisdiction, invalidity of the plea, and
legality of the sentence. See Commonwealth v. Main, 6 A.3d 1026(Pa.Super. 2010). This Court reviews the denial of a pre-sentence motion to
withdraw a guilty plea for an abuse of discretion. Commonwealth v. Gordy,
73 A.3d 620 (Pa.Super. 2013). See also Pa.R.Crim.P. 591(A) (stating: “At
any time before the imposition of sentence, the court may, in its discretion,
permit, upon motion of the defendant, or direct, sua sponte, the withdrawal
of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere and the substitution of a plea of not
guilty”).
“[T]he proper inquiry on consideration of such a withdrawal motion is
whether the accused has made some colorable demonstration, under the
circumstances, such that permitting withdrawal of the plea would promote
fairness and justice.” Commonwealth v. Carrasquillo, 631 Pa. 692, 706,
115 A.3d 1284, 1292 (2015).
In the seminal case of Commonwealth v. Forbes, 299
A.2d 268 (Pa. 1973), the Supreme Court set forth the
standard for determining when a motion to withdraw a guilty
plea prior to sentencing should be granted. The Court
stated that “[a]lthough there is no absolute right to
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withdraw a guilty plea, properly received by the trial court,
it is clear that a request made before sentencing . . . should
be liberally allowed.” 299 A.2d at 271. The Court then
outlined the now well-established two[-]prong test for
determining when to grant a pre-sentence motion to
withdraw a plea: (1) the defendant has provided a “fair and
just reason” for withdrawal of his plea; and (2) the
Commonwealth will not be “substantially prejudiced in
bringing the case to trial.” Id.
Commonwealth v. Muhammad, 794 A.2d 378, 382-83 (Pa.Super. 2002).
Where a withdrawal request is based on an allegation that the plea
colloquy was inadequate, we look to Rule of Criminal Procedure 590, which
states that when considering a plea agreement: “The judge shall conduct a
separate inquiry of the defendant on the record to determine whether the
defendant understands and voluntarily accepts the terms of the plea
agreement on which the guilty plea or plea of nolo contendere is based.”
Pa.R.Crim.P. 590(B)(2). The comment to Rule 590 sets forth the following
information that the judge must ascertain in determining whether to accept a
plea:
(1) Does the defendant understand the nature of the
charges to which he or she is pleading guilty or nolo
contendere?
(2) Is there a factual basis for the plea?
(3) Does the defendant understand that he or she has
the right to trial by jury?
(4) Does the defendant understand that he or she is
presumed innocent until found guilty?
(5) Is the defendant aware of the permissible range of
sentences and/or fines for the offenses charged?
(6) Is the defendant aware that the judge is not bound
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by the terms of any plea agreement tendered unless the
judge accepts such agreement?
(7) Does the defendant understand that the
Commonwealth has a right to have a jury decide the degree
of guilt if the defendant pleads guilty to murder generally?
Pa.R.Crim.P. 590 (Comment).
This Court will evaluate the adequacy of the plea colloquy and the
voluntariness of the resulting plea by examining the totality of the
circumstances surrounding the entry of that plea. See Muhammad, supra.A guilty plea will be deemed valid if an examination of the totality of the
circumstances surrounding the plea shows that the defendant had a full
understanding of the nature and consequences of his plea such that he
knowingly and intelligently entered the plea of his own accord. See
Commonwealth v. Rush, 909 A.2d 805, 808 (Pa.Super. 2006).
Pennsylvania law presumes a defendant who entered a guilty plea was aware
of what he was doing and the defendant bears the burden of proving
otherwise. See Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A.2d 517, 522-23
(Pa.Super. 2003).
Instantly, on October 15, 2020, Appellant executed a written guilty plea
colloquy communicating his decision to plead guilty. In the written colloquy,
Appellant acknowledged that he understood the elements of the charges and
the maximum penalties associated with each crime, the sentencing ranges
and fines associated with each charge, his right to a jury trial, the presumption
of his innocence, that the trial court was not bound by his agreement, and
that by entering a plea of guilty he had very limited appellate rights. (See
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Written Guilty Plea Colloquy, 10/15/20).
Appellant also engaged in an extensive oral guilty plea colloquy with the
court. (See N.T. Plea Hearing at 7-56). In its opinion, the trial court explained
that during the oral colloquy,
[Appellant] confirmed that he could read, write, and
understand English, that he was not taking any medication,
or was suffering from any medical issues that would
interfere with his ability to understand the nature of the
charges against him and of the procedure itself. [The trial
c]ourt summarized the elements of each of the offenses for
which [Appellant] was charged, the Commonwealth’s
associated burden of proof, and the maximum sentence
associated with each. After [Appellant] confirmed his
understanding, [the trial c]ourt reviewed the permissible
range of sentences with [Appellant], the nature of his plea,
and his right to proceed by bench or jury trial. After
discussing issues related to a co-defendant’s recent arrest,
[Appellant] informed this court that he was not made any
promises in exchange for his plea, he had not been
threatened or coerced, that the decision to plead guilty was
his and his alone, that he was abandoning his right to a jury
trial and that his decision would be final. [The trial c]ourt
further summarized his limited appellate rights, and
informed [Appellant] that if he felt that his attorney was
ineffective, he could raise that issue in a Post-Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”) petition. Then after hearing the
Commonwealth’s recitation of the facts in this case,
[Appellant pled] guilty to each of the above offenses.
(Trial Court Opinion, filed 4/15/21, at 4-5) (record citations omitted).
The record here shows that prior to sentencing, the trial court
considered Appellant’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea. After reviewing the
written and oral colloquies, the court concluded that Appellant failed to
demonstrate that withdrawal of the plea would promote fairness and justice.
(See N.T. Sentencing Hearing at 26, 63). It also found that Appellant had
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failed to demonstrate a colorable claim of his innocence and that his claim was
not supported by the record. (See id. at 63). Accordingly, the trial court
denied Appellant’s pre-sentence motion to withdraw his plea.
The record supports the trial court’s decision to deny Appellant’s motion
to withdraw his plea. Under the totality of these circumstances, Appellant
entered a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent guilty plea. See Rush, supra;Muhammad, supra. Appellant has not met his burden of proving that
“permitting withdrawal of the plea would promote fairness and justice.” See
Carrasquillo, supra. Therefore, we conclude that the court did not abuse its
discretion when it denied Appellant’s motion seeking to withdraw his guilty
plea. See Gordy, supra. Accordingly, we affirm.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/22/2022
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