Com. v. Marinucci, A. ( 2016 )

J-A20044-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
ANGELA MARINUCCI, :
:
Appellant : No. 1758 WDA 2015
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence July 1, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County,
Criminal Division, No(s): CP-65-CR-0000850-2010
BEFORE: BOWES, STABILE and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED OCTOBER 17, 2016
Angela Marinucci (“Marinucci”) appeals the judgment of sentence
imposed, upon re-sentencing, for her convictions of first-degree murder,
second-degree murder, third-degree murder, kidnapping, conspiracy to
commit homicide, and conspiracy to kidnap.1 We affirm.
In its Opinion, the trial court set forth the gruesome factual history of
this case, which we adopt for the purpose of this appeal. See Trial Court
Opinion, 10/28/15, at 1-14.
The trial court sentenced Marinucci to life in prison without the
possibility of parole. A panel of this Court affirmed her conviction, but
remanded for re-sentencing based on Miller v. Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 24551
See 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(a), (b), (c); 2901(a)(3); 903(a)(1).
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(2012);2 Commonwealth v. Batts, 66 A.3d 286 (Pa. 2013) (hereinafter
“Batts I”);3 Commonwealth v. Lofton, 57 A.3d 1270 (Pa. Super. 2012);
and Commonwealth v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732 (Pa. Super. 2012). See
Commonwealth v. Marinucci, 83 A.3d 1073 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(unpublished memorandum). The Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied
Marinucci’s Petition for allowance of appeal. See Commonwealth v.
Marinucci, 86 A.3d 232 (Pa. 2014).
2
In Miller, the Court held that the Eighth Amendment to the United States
Constitution forbids a sentencing scheme that mandates life in prison
without the possibility of parole for juvenile offenders, and that a judge or
jury must have the opportunity to consider mitigating circumstances before
imposing the harshest possible penalty for juveniles. See Miller, 132 S. Ct.
at 2474. While the Court did not prohibit the imposition of such a sentence,
it ruled that the trial court must first consider certain age-related factors
prior to imposing such a sentence. See id. at 2468-69 (wherein the Court
held that mandatory prison sentence of life without parole for a juvenile
precludes consideration of the defendant’s age (and its hallmark features--
among them, immaturity, impetuosity, and failure to appreciate risks and
consequences), the defendant’s family and home environment (which may
be brutal or dysfunctional), the circumstances of the homicide offense
(including the extent of the defendant’s participation in the conduct and the
way familial and peer pressures may have affected him), whether the
defendant might have been charged and convicted of a lesser offense if not
for incompetencies associated with youth (such as an inability to deal with
police officers or prosecutors, or incapacity to assist his own attorneys)).
3
In Batts I, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court narrowly interpreted Miller as
requiring only that there be judicial consideration of the appropriate age-
related factors set forth in that decision prior to the imposition on a juvenile
of a sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. See
Batts I, 66 A.3d at 296.
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On July 1, 2015, upon remand, the trial court re-sentenced Marinucci
to life in prison without the possibility of parole.4 Marinucci thereafter filed a
post-sentence Motion, which the trial court denied. This timely appeal
followed.
On appeal, Marinucci raises the following issues for our review:
1 Whether the court below erred in imposing an illegal
sentence, by imposing a life sentence without the
possibility of parole[,] in contradiction to the clear
mandate stated in [Batts I], that “it is our determination
here that they are subject to a mandatory maximum
sentence of life imprisonment[,] as required by [18
Pa.C.S.A. §] 1102(a), accompanied by a minimum
sentence determined by the common pleas court upon
resentencing[?]”[5]
2 Whether the court below abused its discretion in imposing
a life without parole sentence on [Marinucci] on re[-]
sentencing[?]
3 Whether the court below erred in failing to empanel a
sentencing jury to allow the factors that could increase the
sentence imposed to be determined beyond a reasonable
doubt by a jury[?]
4 Whether the court below erred in imposing a life sentence
without the possibility of parole on a juvenile offender, as
such sentence violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition
against cruel and unusual punishment, as well as Article 1,
Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution[,] which
4
The trial court sentenced Marinucci as follows: Count 1 (murder of the first
degree) - life without the possibility of parole; Count 2 (murder of the
second degree) - life without the possibility of parole; Count 3 (murder of
the third degree) - merged with Count 1; Count 4 (conspiracy to commit
homicide) - 20 to 40 years in prison; Count 5 (conspiracy to kidnap) - 3 to
20 years in prison; Count 6 (kidnapping) - merged with Count 2.
5
Although Marinucci did not include a citation for the passage she quotes, it
is taken from Batts I, 66 A.3d at 297.
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provides that “[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishments
inflicted[?]”
Brief for Appellant at 6 (footnote added).
In her first issue, Marinucci contends that, when imposing sentence on
a juvenile offender who was convicted of murder prior to the United States
Supreme Court’s decision in Miller, a trial court is required to follow the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s holding in Batts I. Brief for Appellant at 11.
Marinucci points to the Batts I Court’s statement that juveniles convicted of
murder prior to Miller “are subject to a mandatory maximum sentence of
life imprisonment as required by [18 Pa.C.S.A. §] 1102(a),[6] accompanied
by a minimum sentence determined by the common pleas court upon
resentencing.” Brief for Appellant at 12 (footnote added). Marinucci asserts
that, pursuant to this statement, Batts I dictates that a juvenile defendant,
such as Marinucci, may not be sentenced to life in prison without some
6
Pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1102(a), a person convicted of murder of the
first degree shall be sentenced to death or life in prison. However, in
response to Miller, the General Assembly enacted 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1102.1,
which established a new sentencing scheme for juveniles convicted of
homicide offenses after June 24, 2012. Because Marinucci was convicted of
first-degree murder prior to that date, section 1102.1 does not apply to her
re-sentencing. Nevertheless, Pennsylvania courts have been guided by
section 1102.1 in re-sentencing juveniles under section 1102(a), as it
permits courts to consider certain age-related factors (i.e., age, mental
capacity, maturity, the degree of criminal sophistication exhibited by the
defendant, the nature and extent of any prior delinquent or criminal history,
including the success or failure of any previous attempts by the court to
rehabilitate the defendant, probation or institutional reports, and any other
relevant factors). See Lofton, 57 A.3d at 1276-77.
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possibility of parole. Id. at 12. Marinucci argues that, pursuant to Batts I,
the trial court, when re-sentencing her, was required to impose a sentencing
range with a minimum sentence and a maximum sentence. Id. at 14.
Marinucci also argues that the trial court should have applied 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9756(b)(1), which provides that “[t]he court shall impose a minimum
sentence of confinement which shall not exceed one-half of the maximum
sentence imposed.” Brief for Appellant at 14 (citing 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9756(b)(1)). Marinucci claims that the trial court’s imposition of a
sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole constitutes an
illegal sentence,7 which must be vacated. Brief for Appellant at 15.8
A challenge to the legality of a sentence may be entertained as long as
the reviewing court has jurisdiction. Commonwealth v. Batts, 125 A.3d
33, 45 (Pa. Super. 2015) (hereinafter “Batts II”). Issues relating to the
legality of a sentence are questions of law; therefore, our standard of review
is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Id. at 45-46.
Because Marinucci reiterates the same argument that was
unsuccessful before the Batts II panel, we cannot reassess those claims
7
Marinucci asserts that the only sentencing statute in effect at the time of
her conviction, mandating a life without parole sentence, was deemed
unconstitutional by Miller when imposed upon a juvenile. Brief for Appellant
at 14. To the extent that Marinucci argues that 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 1102 is
unconstitutional in light of Miller, our Supreme Court has expressly rejected
that argument. See Batts I, 66 A.3d at 294-96.
8
Notably, Marinucci concedes elsewhere in her brief that, pursuant to
Miller, a trial court is not foreclosed from imposing a life-without-parole
sentence on a juvenile offender. Brief for Appellant at 20, 28.
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herein. See Batts II, 125 A.3d at 46 (declining to read Batts II as
categorically prohibiting a sentence of life without parole for juveniles
sentenced before Miller); see also Commonwealth v. Beck, 78 A.3d 656,
659 (Pa. Super. 2013) (stating that a three-judge panel “is not empowered
to overrule another panel of the Superior Court”) (citations omitted); see
also Trial Court Opinion, 10/28/15, at 14-23.
In her second issue, Marinucci contends that the trial court “abused its
discretion and demonstrated partiality, prejudice, bias and/or ill[-]will
[when] resentencing [her].” Brief for Appellant at 15. Marinucci asserts
that, although the trial court “ostensibly addressed each of the factors which
must be considered pursuant to Miller, [it] abused its discretion in
disregarding [] numerous pieces of evidence[,]” including Marinucci’s
maturation and rehabilitation, and the numerous programs in which she has
participated while in prison. Id. at 16. Marinucci claims that the trial court’s
concern that Marinucci may have manipulated her behavior in anticipation of
re-sentencing is unfounded, as “there were numerous certificates [of]
achievement that pre-dated [] Miller.” Id. at 17.
Marinucci points out that the trial “court sua sponte inquired [of] Dr.
[Bruce] Wright … whether [] Marinucci may have been engaging in modeling
behavior for the purpose of trying to look good for the re[-]sentencing[.]”
Id. at 17. Marinucci claims that, although Dr. Wright opined that Marinucci
could manipulate, he “made no assertions that she did in fact manipulate.”
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Id. (emphasis in original). Marinucci argues that the trial court abused its
discretion by “apparently completely adopting the testimony of Dr. []
Wright,” and “disregarding and/or discounting the testimony of Dr. Stephen
Zerby,” who testified regarding evidence of Marinucci’s maturation and
rehabilitation. Id. at 19.
Marinucci further asserts that the trial judge’s following comments
provide evidence that the judge had already decided Marinucci’s sentence
before the re-sentencing hearing:
After 10 years as a prosecutor, [and] 17½ [years] as a judge, I
have both tried many cases and presided over many cases. I
can’t think of one case that is more troubling than this one[,] or
very few cases that have caused me nightmares. This one has.
I thought after I presided over [Marinucci’s] first trial [] that,
well, now I’ve heard it[,] I’m used to it. But[,] you don’t get
used to it. You hear it again and it’s traumatic the second time.
It’s traumatic the third time. And then because I sentenced all
six defendants, then I had to go through the sentencing of each
one. And, you know, we hear about post-traumatic stress, and
that word is thrown around lightly, but I think if ever there was a
case that I could imagine myself having post-traumatic stress
from[,] it’s this case.
Id. at 18 (citing N.T., 7/1/15, at 127). Marinucci also points to the trial
judge’s comment that, while at the hospital after sustaining an injury to her
knee, the judge had physically recoiled at the sight of the crutches she was
given to use, because a metal crutch had been used by Marinucci and her
co-defendants as a weapon to strike the victim. Id. at 18 (citing N.T.,
7/1/15, at 127-28). Marinucci claims that these comments demonstrate
that the trial judge allowed her personal bias, and evidence presented in the
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co-defendant’s cases, to influence her sentencing decision. Brief for
Appellant at 18-19. Marinucci argues that, “[w]hile it is certainly appropriate
to consider the effect of a crime on a victim with respect to sentencing, the
personal effect on the judge should never be a consideration.” Id. at 19.
We review Marinucci’s challenge to the trial court’s weighing of
sentencing factors, including those age-related ones, as a challenge to the
discretionary aspects of her sentence. See Batts II, 125 A.3d at 43
(wherein this Court reviewed a juvenile appellant’s challenge to a life without
parole prison sentence, re-imposed on remand following Miller, as a
challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentencing); see also
Commonwealth v. Seagraves, 103 A.3d 839, 842 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(wherein this Court reviewed a juvenile appellant’s challenge to a life without
parole prison sentence, re-imposed on remand following Miller and Batts I,
for an abuse of discretion).
A challenge to the discretionary aspects of a sentence is not
appealable as of right; instead, an appellant must petition for permission to
appeal. See Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1042 (Pa. Super.
2014). We evaluate the following factors to determine whether to grant
permission to appeal a claim pertaining to the discretionary aspects of
sentencing:
Before we reach the merits of this issue, we must engage in a
four[-]part analysis to determine: (1) whether the appeal is
timely; (2) whether [a]ppellant preserved his issue [at
sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence];
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(3) whether [a]ppellant’s brief includes a concise statement of
the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to
the discretionary aspects of sentence [as required by
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 2119(f)]; and (4)
whether the concise statement raises a substantial question that
the sentence is appropriate under the sentencing code. The
third and fourth of these requirements arise because
[a]ppellant’s attack on his sentence is not an appeal as of right.
Rather, he must petition this Court, in his [Rule 2119(f)] concise
statement of reasons, to grant consideration of his appeal on the
grounds that there is a substantial question. [I]f the appeal
satisfies each of these four requirements, we will then proceed to
decide the substantive merits of the case.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 71 A.3d 323, 329-30 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(citations omitted).
In the instant case, Marinucci filed a timely Notice of Appeal and
preserved some of her discretionary aspects claims in a timely post-sentence
Motion.9 However, Marinucci failed to include in her appellate brief a
separate Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) (stating that
“[a]n appellant who challenges the discretionary aspects of a sentence in a
criminal matter shall set forth in his brief a concise statement of the reasons
relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects
of a sentence.”). Because the Commonwealth has objected to this defect,
we are precluded from addressing Marinucci’s discretionary aspects claim.
See Batts II, 125 A.3d at 44 (declining to review a discretionary aspects
claim where the appellant’s brief did not include a Rule 2119(f) statement,
9
Marinucci failed to raise her claim of bias before the trial court, either at
sentencing or in her post-sentence Motion. Therefore, her bias claim is
waived. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (providing that issues not raised in the lower
court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal).
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and the Commonwealth objected to this defect); see also Commonwealth
v. Roser, 914 A.2d 447, 457 (Pa. Super. 2006) (holding that, if a defendant
fails to include an issue in his Rule 2119(f) statement, and the
Commonwealth objects, then the issue is waived, and this Court may not
review the claim).10
In her third issue, Marinucci contends that, although there is no
provision in Pennsylvania law to utilize a sentencing jury in non-capital
cases, “the trend of [] United States Supreme Court jurisprudence suggests
that utilizing a jury is necessary in the instant case to determine the
appropriate sentence.” Brief for Appellant at 20-21. Marinucci points to the
United States Supreme Court decisions in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530
U.S. 466 (2000), Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584 (2002), and Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S. Ct. 2151 (2013), and asserts that, “when this line of
cases is interwoven with Miller [] and Batts [I ], it becomes apparent that
using a jury to determine the sentence in the instant matter is necessary to
avoid running afoul of the Constitution, along with Apprendi and its
progeny.” Brief for Appellant at 23. Marinucci claims that “any of the
factors listed in Miller and Batts I can cause the minimum sentence to be
increased” and, therefore, should be treated as elements of the offense
10
Even if Marinucci’s second issue had not been waived, we would conclude
that it lacks merit for the reasons set forth by the trial court. See Trial
Court Opinion, 10/28/15, at 23-25; see also id. at 19-23 (wherein the trial
court explained the numerous factors that it considered when re-sentencing
Marinucci).
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which must be determined by a jury rather than by a trial court judge. Id.
at 24-25. Marinucci argues that “[a]llowing a sentencing judge to make
such important determinations of fact, such as deciding whether a person
has capacity for change or potential for rehabilitation, usurps the role of the
jury, which violates the Constitution.” Id. at 26.
The trial court addressed Marinucci’s third issue, set forth the relevant
law, and determined that it lacks merit. See Trial Court Opinion, 10/28/15,
at 26-27. We agree with the reasoning of the trial court, and affirm on this
basis as to Marinucci’s third issue. See id.
In her final issue, Marinucci concedes that “neither the United States
Supreme Court nor the Pennsylvania Supreme Court have categorically
precluded the possibility of life without parole for juvenile offenders.” Brief
for Appellant at 26; see also id. at 28 (wherein Marinucci concedes that the
United States Supreme Court has “declined to hold that a life without parole
sentence [is] per se unconstitutional” in juvenile homicide cases).
Nevertheless, Marinucci contends that, based on “the Eighth Amendment’s
prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, coupled with the Appellate
Courts’ trend recognizing that juvenile offenders are fundamentally different
from adult offenders, [] any sentence of life without the possibility of parole
imposed against a juvenile offends the Constitutions of the United States
and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.” Id. at 26-27. Marinucci asserts,
that over the past decade, the United States Supreme Court has continually
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recognized that, because juvenile offenders are fundamentally different from
adult offenders, they require different treatment and increased protections
under the law. Id. at 27-28. Marinucci’s counsel indicates his belief that, in
light of this trend, the Supreme Court will ultimately rule that the Eighth
Amendment bans all life without parole sentences for juvenile offenders. Id.
at 29.11
Although framed as a challenge to the constitutionality of her
sentence, Marinucci concedes that, under the current state of the law, her
sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole is not
unconstitutional. See Batts I, 66 A.3d at 294-96 (wherein our Supreme
Court ruled that Miller did not categorically bar the imposition of a life-
without-parole sentence on a juvenile); see also Batts II, 125 A.3d at 46
(holding that the trial court’s sentence of life without the possibility of
parole, imposed on a juvenile after consideration of his individual
circumstances and age-related characteristics, was a legal sentence under
Miller and Batts I). Although the United States Supreme Court may
ultimately deem such sentences unconstitutional, at present, they are not.
See Miller, 132 S. Ct. at 2469 (wherein the Court stated that “[a]lthough
we do not foreclose a sentencer’s ability to [impose a sentence of life
without the possibility of parole] in [juvenile] homicide cases, we require it
11
Notably, the Miller Court specifically declined to consider the appellants’
alternative argument that the Eighth Amendment requires a categorical bar
on life without parole sentences for juveniles. See Miller, 132 S. Ct. at
2469.
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to take into account how children are different, and how those differences
counsel against irrevocably sentencing them to a lifetime in prison.”).
Accordingly, pursuant to controlling case law, including Miller, Batts I and
Batts II, we are constrained to reject Marinucci’s final issue, and affirm the
judgment of sentence imposed by the trial court.12
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/17/2016
12
We observe that, on April 19, 2016, our Supreme Court granted allowance
of appeal of Batts II.
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Circulated 09/14/2016 03:17 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA - CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA )
)
VS. )
) No. 850 C 2010
ANGELA MARINUCCI, )
Defendant. )
OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT
This matter comes before the court for consideration on the Defendant's Motion to
Empanel a Sentencing Jury that has been filed in the above-captioned case.
RELEVANT PROCEDURAL IDSTORY:
The Defendant, Angela Marinucci, ("Marinucci"), was convicted in the above-captioned
matter on or about May 19, 2011 of Murder of the First Degree (18 Pa. C.S.A. §2502(a)),
. Murder of the Second Degree (18,Pa. C.S.A. §2502(b)), Murder of the Third Degree (18 Pa.
C.S.A. §2,502(c)), Criminal Conspiracy- Murder of the First Degree (18 Pa. C.S.A. §903(a)(l)),
Criminal Conspiracy -Kidnapping (18 Pa. C.S.A. §903(a)GI)), and Kidnapping (18 Pa. C.S.A.
§2901(a)(3)) following a jury trial held before this Court on May 2 -May 19, 2011. On August
3, 2011, she was sentenced by this Court, at Count I, Murder of the First Degree, to life in prison
without the possibility of parole, at Count 2, Murder of the Second Degree, to life in prison
without the possibility of parole concurrent to Count 1, at Count 3, Murder of the Third Degree
merged with Count 1, At Count 4, Criminal Conspiracy to Commit Homicide, 20 to 40 years
incarceration concurrent to Count 1, At Count 5, Criminal Conspiracy to Commit Kidnapping, 3
to 20 years incarceration concurrent to Count 1, and Count 6, Kidnapping, merged with Count 2.
Post Sentence Motions were timely filed by the Defendant on or about August 10, 2011. A
A
hearing was held on the Post Sentence Motions before this Court on October 28, 2011, and the
Post Sentence Motions were denied by Opinion and Order of Court, dated May 31, 2012. A
timely appeal to the Pennsylvania Superior Court ensued. Counsel for the Defendant filed a
Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal on or about June 19, 2012, as directed by
Order of this Court, dated June 11, 2012. This Court issued its opinion in accordance with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on or about June 25, 2012. On or about August 26, 2013, the Pennsylvania
Superior Court issued a Memorandum Opinion, affirming the Defendant's convictions, but
vacating the judgment of sentence and remanding for re-sentencing based on Miller v. Alabama,
132 S.Ct. 2455 (2012); Commonwealth v. Batts, 66 A.3d 286 (Pa. 2013); Commonwealth v.
Lofton, 57 A.3d 1270 (Pa. Super 2012) and Commonwealth v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732 (Pa. Super.
2012). Commonwealth v. Marinucci, 83 A.3d 1073 (Pa. Super. 2013). (Unpublished
memorandum). The instant Motion to Empanel a Sentencing Jury was filed along with a Motion
to Schedule Sentencing on or about April 7, 2015. A briefing schedule was issued by Order of
Court on May 5, 2015 and the matters are scheduled to be heard before this Court on June 30,
2015. A Memorandum in Support of the Request to Empanel a Sentencing Jury was filed by the
Defendant on or about May 26, 2015. A Memorandum in Opposition to Defendant's Motion to
Empanel a Sentencing Jury was filed by the Commonwealth on or about June 16, 2015.
ISSUES PRESENTED:
1. Whether a sentencing jury should be empanelled in a non-capital case?
In her Motion to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, Marinucci seeks to have this Court enter an
order empanelling a jury for purposes of making factual determinations relevant to sentencing in
the above captioned matter. In support of this position, Marinucci argues that "(t]he trend of the
l!.:.s. Supreme Court case law has demonstrated an increased role for the jury in determining the
2
sentenced imposed on a convicted Defendant. The rationale for this increased role has been to
insure that the defendant's right to a jury guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment is preserved."
(Defendant's Memorandum in Support of Request to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, p. 2, 14). The
Defendant cites to Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348 (2000), Blakely v.
Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531 (2004), andAlleyne v. United States, 570 U.S.
__ , 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013), in support of her position. The Defendant alleges that when this
line of cases is interwoven with Miller and Batts, supra, "it becomes apparent that using a jury to
determine the sentence in the instant matter is necessary to avoid mnning afoul of the
Constitution, along with Apprendi and its progeny." (Defendant's Memorandum in Support of
Request to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, p. 4, ,i 2). The Defendant also notes that sentencing
juries exist in other jurisdictions, including Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas and
Virginia. (Defendant's Memorandum in Support of Request to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, p. 2,
13).
Conversely, the Commonwealth argues that the Defendant's reliance uponApprendi,
Blakely and Alleyne in support of her position that she has the right to have a jury determine her
sentence is misplaced. The Commonwealth argues that the aforementioned cases "provide that a
defendant is entitled to have a jury determine the existence of any element that requires an
increased sentence he imposed upon the defendant." (Commonwealth's Memorandum In
Opposition To Defendant's Motion to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, p. I, ,i I). The
Commonwealth alleges that the Defendant's position is without merit "since there is no fact that
the Commonwealth must prove beyond a reasonable doubt pursuant to Apprendi, Blakely and
Alleyne in order that a life sentence may be imposed upon the defendant." (Commonwealth's
Memorandum In Opposition To Defendant's Motion to Empanel a Sentencing Jury, p. 2, 1 1).
3
The Commonwealth also argues that there are no procedures or rules that have been established
by the courts or the legislature in Pennsylvania in order to permit a jury to sentence a defendant
in a non-capital case and that the trial court has no authority to enact, on its own, procedures for
sentencing in a non-capital case.
It is well-settled that sentencing is a "matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge," Commonwealtli v. Buterbaugh, 91 A.3d 1247, 1265 (Pa. Super. 2014), citing
Commonwealth v. Hoch, 936 A.2d 515, 517-518 (Pa. Super. 2007). The Defendant concedes
that she has not produced any statutory authority or any authority from the appellate courts of
Pennsylvania, nor is this Court aware of any, in support of her position.1 In Pennsylvania, a jury
may be empanelled for purposes of sentencing only under the authority of 42 Pa C.S. §9711,
setting forth the sentencing procedures for murder of the first degree, in which the jury
determines whether the defendant shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment. 42 Pa. CS.
§9711. 42 Pa.C.S. §9711 sets forth, at length, the specific procedures and criteria to be followed.
Since this is not a case in which the death penalty is implicated, the sentencing must, of
necessity, fall within the sound discretion of the trial court without the impermissible use of a
Jury.
Further, the Pennsylvania Superior Court specifically remanded the case sub Judice to the
trial court for resentencing baseil on Miller 11. A labama, 11? ~ Ct ?.4<; <; (?012)·
' ,, Commonwealth.
v. Batts, 66 A.3d 286 (Pa. 2013); Commonwealth v. Lofton, 57 A.3d 1270 (Pa Super 2012) and
Commonwealth v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732 (Pa. Super. 2012). These cases provide specific guidance
to the trial court, regarding appropriate age-related factors that the trial court is to consider at the
I
The Defendant states "Although there is admittedly no provision in the current laws or rules of court of
Pennsylvania either passed by the General Assembly or promulgated by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to utilize a
sentencing jury in non-capital cases, the general trend of the United States Supreme Court jurisprudence suggests the
necessity of using a jury to determine the appropriate sentence under the unique circumstances presented herein."
(Defendant's Memorandum In Support of Request To Empanel Sentencing Jury, p. 2, ! 2).
4
time of resentencing. In Commonwealth v. Batts, 620 Pa. 115, 133, 66 A.3d 286, 297 (Pa.
2013), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court set forth the factors trial courts have been instructed to
consider by the Superior Court when fashioning a sentence:
[A]t a minimum it should consider a juvenile's age at the time of the offense,
his diminished culpability and capacity for change, the circumstances of the crime,
the extent of his participation in the crime, his family, home and neighborhood
environment, his emotional maturity and development, the extent that familial
and/or peer pressure may have affected him, his past exposure to violence,
his drug and alcohol history, his ability to deal with the police, his capacity
to assist his attorney, his mental health history, and his potential for rehabilitation.
Id., quoting Commonwealth v. Knox, 530 A.3d 732, 745 (Pa. Super. 2012), (citing Miller, -
U.S. at-, 132 S.Ct. at 2455).
Thus, our appellate courts have made clear that it is the trial courts that are tasked with
determining the appropriate sentence, and in accordance with that direction, the appellate courts
have provided the appropriate factors to be considered by that sentencing court.
Moreover, this Court finds the Pennsylvania Superior Court case, Commonwealth v
Newman, 99 A.3d 86 (Pa. Super 2014), to be instructive in this matter. In Newman, the
Superior Court reviewed the constitutionality of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712.1 and found that Alleyne v.
United States, supra, rendered that section unconstitutional. Id. at 104. Notably, the
Commonwealth argued in that case that, in the event the appellate court found the section to be
unconstitutional, the proper remedy was to "remand for the empanelling of a sentencing jury for
the determination, beyond a reasonable doubt, as to whether the conditions obtain under the
evidence, such that a mandatory minimum sentence should be imposed." Newman at 101. The
Newman Court did not accept the Commonwealth's proposed remedy. The Newman Court, in
reaching its holding, stated:
The Commonwealth's suggestion that we remand for a sentencing jury
would require this court to manufacture whole cloth a replacement
5
enforcement mechanism for Section 9712. l ; in other words, the Commonwealth
is asking us to legislate. We recognize that in the prosecution of capital cases in
Pennsylvania, there is a similar, bifurcated process where the jury
first determines guilt in the trial proceeding (the guilt phase) and then weighs aggravating
and mitigating factors in the sentencing proceeding (the penalty phase). However, this
mechanism was created by the General Assembly and
is enshrined in our statutes at 42 Pa.C.S.[] § 9711. We find that it is
manifestly the province of the General Assembly to determine what new
procedures must be created in order to impose mandatory minimum
sentences in Pennsylvania following Alleyne. We cannot do so.
Newman at 102.
Likewise, in Commonwealth v. Mosley,2015 WL 1774216, the trial court presented the
jury with a special verdict form. The form included a specific issue regarding the weight of
drugs possessed by Mosely, thus, appearing that that issue of the weight of the drugs was
determined, beyond a reasonable doubt, by the jury as fact finder. However, the Superior Court
of Pennsylvania found that the "trial court exceeded its authority by permitting the jury, via a
special verdict slip, to determine beyond a reasonable doubt the factual predicate of section
7508-whether Mosley possessed cocaine that weighed greater than 10 grams." Id. at 15. The
Superior Court stated that "the trial court performed an impermissible legislative function by
creating a new procedure in an effort to impose the mandatory minimum sentence in compliance
with Alleyne." Id. The Superior Court vacated the defendant's judgment of sentence and
remanded for resentencing. While admittedly Newman and Moselyinvolve a jury finding the
existence of a fact that, if proven, requires a mandatory sentence and the instant case does not,
nonetheless, the relief that is being requested is the same. The Defendant is asking the court to
perform an impermissible legislative function by creating a new procedure which would pass the
sentencing function from the sound discretion of the sentencing judge to a jury.
Finally, on October 25, 2012, the Pennsylvania Legislature passed new legislation setting
forth the sentence for persons who commit murder, murder of an unborn child and murder of a
6
law enforcement officer prior to the age of 18. 18 Pa.CS.A.§ 1102.1. This statute expressly
applies only to defendants convicted after June 24, 2012. Id. As the trial court sentenced
Marinucci on August 3, 2011, this statute is inapplicable to the case at bar. Nonetheless, the
statute provides specific guidance to the court on the various individualized factors to consider
when fashioning a sentence, including the nature and circumstances of the offense, the
defendant's age, mental maturity, culpability and degree of criminal sophistication. 18 Pa. CS.A.
§1102.1 (d). Notably absent from this legislation is any authority for a sentencing jury.
Without any type of authority for a novel sentencing procedure as suggested by the
Defendant before this Court, empanelling a sentencing jury in a non-capital case is
impermissible.
Therefore, the following Order shall issue:
7
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA- CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA )
)
vs. )
) No. 850 C 2010
ANGELA MARJNUCCI, )
Defendant. )
ORDER OF COURT
AND NOW, this ~5th day of June, 2015, for the reasons set forth in the
preceding Opinion, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the Defendant's
Motion to Empanel a Sentencing Jury is hereby DENIED and the Defendant shall be
resentenced by this Court on June 30, 2015 at 9:00 a.m., as previously scheduled by Order of
Court, dated May 5, 2015.
ATIEST:
Clerk of Courts
c.c. File
John W. Peck, District Attorney
Leo Ciaramitaro, Esq., Assistant District Attorney
Chuck Washburn, Esq., Assistant District Attorney
Michael DeMatt, Esq., Counsel for the Defendant
Pamela Neiderhiser, Esq., Court Administrator's Office
8
1
/ :,
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
PENNSYLVANIA - CRIMINAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA )
)
)
V. )
)
) NO. 850 C 2010
ANGELA MARINUCCI, )
)
Defendant. )
OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT
This matter comes before the court for consideration of the Defendant's Post-Sentence
Motions that have been filed in the above-captioned case.
FACTUAL HISTORY:
The charges in this matter arise from incidents occurring between February 8, 2010 and
February 11, 2010 in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, which resulted in the
brutal torture and murder of Jennifer Daugherty. The facts as set forth herein are derived from
testimony presented at the trial of this matter that occurred between May 2 and May 19, 2011.
Jennifer was 30 years old at the time of her murder. (TT 114 7).1 Although Jennifer lived
with her mother and stepfather, Denise and Bobby Murphy, she strove to be as independent as
possible. (TT 1148-49). Bobby Murphy testified that while Jennifer was able to take care of her
I
Numerals in parenthesis preceded by the letters "TT" refer to specific pages of the transcript of the testimony
presented at trial, held May 2 -19, 2011, and made a part of the record herein.
basic needs, he worried about her living by herself because she was extremely trusting and naive.
(TT 1167). Mrs. Murphy testified that she was in charge of her daughter's financial affairs, and
was the payee for Jennifer's Social Security Disability benefits. Ms. Murphy also testified that
Jennifer was "very easygoing, [and] she liked to have fun, she was very trusting, she made
friends very easily ... " (TT 1147).
On or about February 8, 2010, Jennifer Daugherty traveled from Mount Pleasant,
Pennsylvania to Greensburg, Pennsylvania by bus to visit with friends and attend a doctor's
appointment. When her step-father, Robert Murphy, dropped her off at the bus station, it was the
last time a family member saw Jennifer Daugherty alive.
After Jennifer travelled to Greensburg, she arrived at an apartment occupied by Ricky
Smymes. Anthony Zappone testified that he was familiar with the apartment located at 428
North Pennsylvania Avenue in the City of Greensburg (hereinafter "the apartment"). His cousin,
Robert Cathgart, lived there, but it was known as a place where others stayed periodically. Some
of those others included Ricky Smyrnes, Peggy Miller, Robert Masters, Angela Marinucci
(hereinafter "Defendant") and the victim, Jennifer Daugherty. (IT 337-339). Zappone knew
Ricky Smyrnes was dating both Jennifer Daugherty and the Defendant in January and February,
2010. (TT 339-340, 358-359). He also testified that he had overheard Jennifer and Defendant
arguing over Smymes in the past. (TT 359, 374-75, 378-79).
Zappone testified that on Monday, February 1, 2010, he accompanied Ricky Smyrnes,
Defendant, Peggy Miller, and Robert Masters to the bus station to meet Melvin Knight and
Amber Meidinger. (IT 341, 362-63). Zappone asked to stay at the apartment that night, but
Smyrnes denied the request. Zappone testified that he tried to return to the apartment several
times during that week, but was not permitted into the building, even to retrieve his belongings.
2
Finally, on February 5, 2010, Zappone went to the apartment and spoke with Ricky Smyrnes.
(TT 341-4 2, 3 64-66).
Although Zappone was not permitted into the apartment, Smymes gave him his
sweatshirt and the two stood on the porch and smoked cigarettes. Zappone testified that during
this time, he overheard Smyrnes' cell phone conversation with Jennifer Daugherty. Although
Zappone knew that Defendant was Smyrnes' other girlfriend, Smyrnes was talking of love and
marriage to Jennifer. (TI 343-45). Defendant then appeared at the door to the porch where
Smyrnes was having the conversation with Jennifer, and where she could overhear the
conversation, and stated, "I'm going to kill that bitch." (TI 345-48). Zappone testified that
Smyrnes reacted immediately, "like he had just been caught." (TT 349). Zappone never had any
contact with Smyrnes, Defendant, Masters or Miller after that date. (TT 349).
Amber Meidinger, a co-defendant, testified against Defendant at trial. Meidinger
prefaced her testimony by stating that she had asked to speak to the District Attorney's Office
against the advice of her attorneys, and to testify at trial, because, "I feel that was the right thing
for me to do. Um, I couldn't do anything else but to come in here and tell the truth of what
happened ... I did want to speak the truth to the family because that's the least what I can do. I
can't do nothing else. I can't bring that family member back, so I came in here to speak the
truth." (TT 742). She indicated that she had been made no promises for her testimony, and that
she had received no deals, plea offers, or preferential treatment in exchange for her testimony.
(TT 744-45).
Meidinger testified that she met Melvin Knight while residing in a shelter, and met
Marinucci and the other co-defendants for the first time at the bus garage in Greensburg on
February 8, 2010. Meidinger indicated that she also met Jennifer Daugherty on that date. (TT
3
.;»
752-54). Meidinger testified that she had a conversation with Jennifer Daugherty that was
overheard by Defendant, wherein Jennifer told Meidinger that she was going to marry Ricky
Smyrnes. (TT 755). Meidinger perceived tension between Defendant and Jennifer: "Um, there
was a lot of tension. I could observe a lot of jealousy. I could observe they really didn't so much
care for each other." (TT 756t When Jennifer left the group to go to the library, however,
Meidinger observed Defendant and Smyrnes holding hands and acting as if they were "together."
(TT 757).
After meeting Knight and Meidinger, Defendant walked with them back to the Knights
Inn, where they had been staying. While at the Knights Inn, Defendant spoke with Smymes on
her cell phone. Meidinger overheard the conversation, during which Defendant said to Smyrnes,
"I hope you're not with that bitch." (TT 759).
Meidinger and Knight eventually rejoined Ricky Smyrnes at the apartment later that
evening. Also present were Robert Masters, Peggy Miller (his fiance), "Jason," (last name
unknown) and later, Jennifer Daugherty. (TT 761-65). After "Jason" had left, Meidinger
testified that Jennifer wanted to be intimate with Ricky Smyrnes, but that Smyrnes was not
interested. In fact, he became angry with Jennifer. (TT 767).
On Tuesday, February 9, 2010, Meidinger left the apartment with her caseworker to
obtain some clothing. When she returned to the apartment, she learned that Jennifer Daugherty
had a doctor's appointment at 3:00 p.m.; however, she decided not to keep the appointment. This
frustrated Smymes and Knight, and led to an argument between Knight, Smyrnes, and Jennifer.
(TT 770-72). Meidinger testified that Daugherty retreated to the bathroom and took a shower. It
was then that Smymes called Defendant on a cell phone (using the speaker function) and told her
4
•• r
that Jennifer had tried to have-sex with him the night before. Defendant responded by staling that
was not right, because "that was her man." (TT 772-73).
The group then decided that it would be funny to embarrass Jennifer. Meidinger, Knight,
Miller, Masters, and Smyrnes rifled through Jennifer's purse and removed some of her
belongings. They removed cash, a gift card, and Jennifer's cell phone. They also poured
toothpaste and mouthwash on her clothing and purse. (TT 773-76). Meidinger testified that this
humiliation of Jennifer continued throughout that day, but that Melvin Knight became physical
with her when she began resisting their "fun." Knight grabbed Jennifer by the shirt, knocked her
into a wall and began choking her. (TT 779-81).
Meidinger testified that Defendant arrived at the apartment a short time later, upset
because Jennifer had tried lo sleep with Smyrnes. Defendant confronted Jennifer, but when
Jennifer stated that she had done nothing wrong, she pushed Jennifer into the bathroom towel
rack three times, hitting her chest and head. (TT 782-83). Defendant then told Meidinger that
Jennifer "liked" Melvin Knight. This angered Meidinger, who disregarded Jennifer's denials,
and continued the physical assault that Defendant had started. (TT 784). Knight and Smymes
then dragged a crying Jennifer out of the bathroom and began pouring water and spices on her
head. They then forced Jennifer to take a shower, proclaiming that "she stinks." (TT 785-86).
When Robert Cathcart (the original tenant on the apartment's lease) phoned to inform the
residents that he was coming to remove his property, Smymes and Knight forced Jennifer into
the attic so that Cathcart would not know that she was there. (TT 787). Notably, the police
responded to a disturbance at the apartment during Cathcart's visit when an altercation erupted
between Cathcart, Smyrnes and Knight. They spoke with the three men outside, and did not
have cause to enter the apartment. (TT 790-91).
5
·.,
It was then that Smyrnes and Knight decided that it was time to "humiliate Jen and
embarrass her." (IT 792). They forced her to take off her pajamas and then threw them outside
onto the porch roof. When the Defendant remarked that "Jennifer was ugly," Knight and
Smyrnes cut her hair with scissors and then forced Jennifer to clean up their mess. (TT 792-93).
When Jennifer asked why they were doing this to her, Smyrnes and Knight responded that
"you're ugly, and nobody is ever going to want you." (IT 793). Meidinger testified that Knight
then grabbed Jennifer, took her into the living room, stuffed a sock into her mouth, and raped
her. (TT 794-95).
Defendant then decided to call her home and tell her family that she planned on spending
the night at the apartment. (IT 796-97). Meidinger, Knight, Smyrnes and Defendant walked to
Defendant's home to get her medications. She complained to Meidinger that she did not know
what Smyrnes saw in Jennifer. After collecting the medications, Smymes received a call from
Peggy Miller, telling him that Jennifer was trying to escape. Smyrnes and Knight ran to the
apartment, where they confronted Jennifer and began beating her. (TT 797-99). They gave her
Defendant's Seroquel pills, telling her that it was "headache medicine." (TT 802). The group
then left Jennifer in the living.room and went to bed.
Meidinger testified that on Wednesday morning, Smymes, Knight and Defendant left the
apartment to cash a check. Smvrnes instructed Miller, Masters, and Meidinger to keep Jennifer
in the apartment, and if Jennifer tried to leave, "something is going to happen to everybody there
that tried to help her." (IT 807). When the three returned to the apartment, Defendant
confronted Jennifer about drinking soda pop that had been in the refrigerator. Jennifer denied
any wrongdoing, stating that she was tired of drinking what everyone else was making her drink.
(TT 809-10). Defendant then pushed Jennifer to the floor, climbed on top of her, and began
6
punching her in the face. When Jennifer kneed Defendant in the stomach, she ran to Smyrnes,
stating "Jen killed my baby." (TT 811).2 It was then that Smymes called the first of the "family
meetings" to discuss Jennifer. (TT 812-13). According to Meidinger, "Ricky asked everybody in
the meeting how would Jen or Angela be-how would Jen be an appropriate mother figure, and
Angela had stated at that meeting that Ricky had to choose between Jen or herself, and if Ricky
chose Jen-if Ricky chose Angie, Angie stated that he would have to get rid of Jen." (TT 813).
Meidinger testified that at this point on Wednesday afternoon, Jennifer was bruised, her
hair was shorn, she had a knot on her forehead, and she was groggy from being given the pills.
(TT 814). At a second "family meeting," Defendant suggested that Jennifer should be fed
"pregnant pee because it's stronger." (TT 815). Defendant then urinated into a cup, and
Meidinger forced Jennifer to drink the urine: "I would ask - I would demand Jen to drink the
drink while hitting her head with the towel rack." (TT 815). A second "drink" was made,
containing Meidinger's feces, spices, parsley, garlic and more urine. Again, Meidinger struck
Jennifer in the head with a towel bar until she had consumed the foul mixture. (TT 816). Yet
another "drink" was made with Clorox detergent, water, and cigarette ashes. Meidinger testified
that some of her medication was also used in these drinks. Again, Jennifer was forced to drink
the concoction, and Meidinger testified that Jennifer was crying and throwing up during this
process. (TT 816-17).
Knight and Smyrnes decided to bind Jennifer with Christmas tree lights, and Marinucci
urged them to plug them in to make sure that they worked, because she wanted Jennifer to look
like a Christmas tree. (TT 818). When the lights would not blink, the Defendant, Smymes,
Knight, and Meidinger removed the bulbs from the strands so that they could use the light strings
as ropes to tie Jennifer up. (TT 819). A third "family meeting" was then held, and Srnyrnes
2
The testimony presented at trial revealed that Marinucci was not pregnant during the incident.
7
asked whether they should kill Jennifer. At that time, each member of the "family," Smyrnes,
Knight, Meidinger, Defendant, Miller, and Masters, voted to kill Jennifer Daugherty. (TT 819-
21 ). Srnyrnes then asked Jennifer if she wanted to die.
Jen said no. And Rick stated, you were trying to kill my kid, why should I
let you live. And Jen stated that she did nothing wrong. And Ricky told
Jen that he wanted her to write the suicide letter stating when they found
her body it would look like a suicide.
(TT 821).
-
Jennifer then penned a note at Smyrnes' direction, stating that she didn't want to live any
more. When she finished, Defendant stated, "Just kill that bitch." (TT 821).
Knight and Smyrnes grabbed the bound Jennifer and took her into the bathroom. Smyrnes
told Knight, "You know what to do." (TT 821). Smyrnes obtained a knife from the kitchen and
handed it to Knight. Knight initially indicated that he could not do it, but Smymes stated, "Well,
I can't do it either." (TT 823). Meidinger witnessed Knight as he took the knife into the
bathroom, asked Jennifer if she was ready to die, and stabbed Jennifer in the chest, the torso, and
the throat. (TT 823-24). Knight came out of the bathroom, stating, "This bitch ain't dead." He
handed the knife to Meidinger, who handed it to Smyrnes. Smyrnes then went into the bathroom
and cut Jennifer's wrists. (TT 824).
bitch, I can't believe she's not dead yet." (TT 824). She also complained that Jennifer was
interfering in her relationship with Smyrnes, and that she could not understand what Smyrnes
saw in Jennifer because Jennifer was retarded. (TT 825). After Srnyrnes slit Jennifer's wrists, he
returned to the bedroom and reported that "the bitch ain't dead yet." (TT 825). Smymes and
8
Knight then wrapped the Christmas lights around Jennifer's throat and choked her with the
lights. They then believed that Jennifer was finally dead. (TT 825-26).
Smyrnes called another "family meeting" to decide what they would then do with
Jennifer's body. Masters suggested that they place her body on the train tracks. The Defendant
suggested that they burn the body in front of a church. Meidinger suggested that they put the
body in the trunk of a car. Finally, Smyrnes stated that he was going to obtain a neighbor's trash
can and wheel the body somewhere so that no one would be caught. (TT 826-27). When he
returned with the garbage can, Jennifer's body was placed into a plastic bag and into the garbage
can. Knight and Smymes used bleach to clean the floors and towels to wipe up the blood.
Defendant remarked that apparently Smyrnes loved her more because he killed Jennifer. (TT
828-29). Knight and Smyrnes then left the apartment with the garbage can. When they returned,
they told the others that they had placed Daugherty's body under a truck. (TT 829-30). It was
early on the morning of Thursday, February 11, 2010.
Jennifer's body was discovered by Daniel Grant, an employee of Cleveland Brothers, on
the morning of February 11, 20 I 0. He found a large black trash can stuffed underneath his work
truck that he had parked in the parking lot of the Greensburg Salem Middle School the night
before. (TT I 03). When he tried to drag the trash can from underneath the vehicle, the lid fell off
and he first noted an unusual odor. He then saw that there was a body inside the can. (TT 105).
He immediately called 9-1-1. (TT 106). Law enforcement responded promptly, commencing the
investigation. Investigators later identified the body as that of Jennifer Daugherty.
Meidinger testified that later that morning, Defendant received a text that someone had
found a body at the Greensburg Salem Middle School. While the Defendant and Smymes were
away from the apartment with Smyrnes' caseworker, Miller received a telephone call from
9
Daugherty's sister who asked if they knew where Daugherty was. Miller told the caller that they
did not. Smyrnes called some time later, and told them all to get out of the house, because
something had happened. (TT 830-32). After embarking on several errands, Meidinger, Knight,
Miller, and Masters were approached by the police, who said that they had some questions for
them. The four then accompanied the police to the police station. (TT 836-37).
Meidinger concluded her testimony by recalling that at some point during Jennifer's
three-day torture, Defendant confided in her that she had lured Daugherty to Greensburg by
using Srnyrnes' cell phone to text Jennifer, asking her to come and spend the weekend at the
apartment. Defendant told Meidinger that she had been texting Jennifer for three days, using
Smyrnes' phone, before Jennifer actually came to Greensburg. (TT 841-42). Denise Murphy,
Jennifer's mother, testified that Jennifer began talking about going to Greensburg several days
before she actually departed on the bus from Mount Pleasant. (TI 1152). Bobby Murphy, her
step-father, testified that Jennifer was on the cell phone constantly that weekend, and told her
stepfather she was communicating with "Angela" and "Ricky." (TT 1169-70). On Sunday,
February 7, 2010, after she had had a conversation with someone, Jennifer asked her parents if
she could go to Greensburg the following day to "spend time at an apartment with Peggy." (TT
11 71 ). They agreed.
Law enforcement first observed Defendant and Smymes on February 11, 20 I 0, as they
were walking in the vicinity or the apartment at approximately 5:40 p.m. The pair approached
Det. Jerry Vernail of the Greensburg Police Department and Det. Frank Gali lei of the
Westmoreland County Detectives Bureau. Smyrnes engaged Det. Vernail in conversation. Det.
Gali lei introduced himself to Defendant, who indicated that she was Smyrnes' girlfriend. As it
was cold, Det. Galilei offered to let Defendant sit in his car. After engaging in small talk,
JO
Defendant indicated that she had spent the previous evening with Smymes. She agreed to
accompany Det. Vernail, Del. Galilei and Smyrnes to the Greensburg Police station. (TT 1096-
1103).
Police initially thought that Defendant, whom they learned was a juvenile at the time, was
a witness to the events that had unfolded in the apartment preceding the discovery of Jennifer's
body. She was told that she was free to leave at any time and was not in custody. The Defendant
initially told Detective Robert Weaver that she had talked to Daugherty the previous weekend
and that they had been arguing because Defendant was pregnant with Smyrnes' baby and
Jennifer was trying to "get Ricky away from her." (TT 1130). When Jennifer arrived in
Greensburg, however, she indicated that the two of them had "hugged and made up. They
weren't going to fight about Ricky anymore." (TT 1131). She further told Weaver that everyone
was mad at Jennifer because she was trying to interfere with her relationship with Smyrnes. This
led to Jennifer being tied up with Christmas garland. (TT 1132-33). When Defendant disclosed
that she had punched Jennifer, police terminated the interview.
Defendant made several inculpatory statements to fellow inmates at the Westmoreland
County Jail following her arrest. Kasey Burd testified that she was on a prison unit with
Defendant, Meidinger, and Miller in February 2010. She testified that she could overhear their
conversations, and that she wrote a letter to Judge John Blahovec because "I felt that, um,
somebody of authority needed to hear what I was hearing, urn, because what I was hearing was
appalling." (TT 533). She also had the opportunity to speak with Defendant alone during the
next month when their cells were next to each other. Burd testified that Defendant admitted to
engaging in a physical assault on Jennifer, told her that she was angry because Daugherty and
11
Smyrnes were having sexual relations, and stated, "I'm the one that wanted her dead." (IT 541,
550).
During that month, Defendant also confided in Burd as to her role in the death of Jenifer
Daugherty. She admitted that they all took turns kicking Jen in the stomach when they believed
that she was pregnant. She told Burd that they made Jen write a suicide note. She told Burd that
she and the others made drinks for Jen ( one of which included the Defendant's urine), poured
nail polish all over Jen's body, cut her hair, and stabbed her and slit her wrists. She praised
Smyrnes.isaying, "he did a really good job of cleaning up the blood and everything that was left
behind." (TT 542-44, 557, 560-61, 569). She also told Burd about the "family meetings."
Felisha Hardison testified that she also was incarcerated at the Westmoreland County
Prison with Defendant. She told Hardison that she had a grudge against Jennifer because she had
taken a boyfriend, "Robert," from her in the past. Defendant also told Hardison that Jennifer had
taken Ricky from her as well. (IT 589-90). She said that "she had a grudge against her and she
wanted her dead." (TI 593-94, 603, 608, 611, 615). The Defendant told Hardison that they
forced Daugherty to consume drinks made with urine and bleach and other mixtures. (IT 593).
She told her that she kicked her in the stomach and hit her in the face. (IT 600, 604). She said
that she and Peggy Miller wrapped Jennifer with Christmas lights. (TI 604, 611).
Joyce Mackey testified that she also had spent time at the Westmoreland County Prison
with Defendant. She recalled a conversation that she had with her on February 13, 2011.
Mackey testified that she and Defendant were discussing the crimes for which they were
incarcerated. Defendant told Mackey that she became jealous of the flirting that was occurring
between Jennifer and Smyrnes, so "she punched Jen three times in the face and Jen kicked her
three times back in the stomach and made her lose her baby." (IT 622-23). She then told
12
Mackey that "she told Ricky that the bitch must pay." (IT 623). She also told Mackey that she
and Meidinger made Daugherty drink a concoction of urine and spices, that she was tied up and
placed in the attic. (TT 624-27, 639, 641). When Jennifer was dead, the Defendant told
Srnyrnes, "I guess you Jove me more than you liked her because you made her pay." (TT 626).
Tina Warrick was also incarcerated with Defendant at the Westmoreland County Prison.
During that time, Defendant told Warrick that Jennifer had been sleeping with her boyfriend, and
that it took her four days to get Jennifer lo come to the apartment in Greensburg. (TT 652, 662,
672). In another conversation with Warrick, the Defendant stated that she was upset that Peggy
Miller had gotten the wrong Christmas lights, because she wanted the Christmas lights to be
blinking when Jennifer's body was found. (IT 655-56, 673). Finally, Warrick related two
incidents that occurred at meal-time while the Defendant was working as a "unit tray worker."
On one occasion, Warrick indicated that she and several other inmates were seated at a table
discussing the stew that was served at the prison. When one girl remarked that the stew looked
like dog feces, Defendant said, "That's okay, I feed feces to retards." (IT 661). On another
occasion, she joked to the other females, "does anybody need a drink, Igive bleach to people lo
drink." (IT 661).
The forensic and scientific testimony that was presented at trial was consistent with the
testimony that was received from the Jay witnesses. Dr. Cyril Wecht testified as an expert
witness in the field of forensic pathology. Dr. Wecht performed the autopsy on the body of
Jennifer Daugherty. He testified that he received the body while it was still in a trash can. He
noted that the body had been placed head-first into the can, and was partially covered with
plastic bags. He also noted that there were strands of Christmas lights with the bulbs removed
wrapped around the neck and binding the wrists. (TT l 031-32). The ankles were bound with a
13
"whitish material that had blue decorative particles." (TT 1033). Dr. Wecht observed incised
wounds, abrasions and contusions on Daugherty's body, all ofwhich would have been inflicted
within days of her death. (TT 1035-36). Dr. Wecht also noted that the toxicology report that was
performed as part of the autopsy revealed Sertraline (Zoloft) and Seroquel in Jennifer
Daugherty's system. (TT 1060, 1064). He noted that the levels of Sertaline were high, and that
cases of death due to the ingestion of that drug had been reported in lower levels than those
present in Daugherty. (TT I 060-61, 1064-65).
Following his autopsy, Dr. Wecht concluded that the cause of Jennifer's death was
certainly the combination of all her injuries, but primarily due to the "stab wounds of the chest
on the left side producing injuries, stab wounds of the left lung and the heart leading to blood,
left hemothorax, hemo, blood, thorax, chest cavity, and hemopericardium, blood in the
pericardia! sac." (TT 1058). Dr. Wecht opined that Jennifer would have remained conscious
after the infliction of these wounds, while bleeding, for a couple of minutes, would then have lost
consciousness and, within five or six minutes, would have died. (TT 1059).
ISSUES PRESENTED FOR CON SIDERATION:
1. WHETHER THIS COURT IMPOSED AN ILLEGAL SENTENCE OF LIFE
IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF PAROLE
is illegal under Commonwealth v. Batts. 66 A.3d 286 (Pa. 2013). Prior to the United States
Supreme Court holding in Miller v. Alabama, many states, including Pennsylvania, mandated
that any juvenile convicted offirst-degree murder as an adult must be sentenced to a term of life
imprisonment.' The Miller Court changed the landscape of juvenile sentencing by holding that
3
18 Pa.C.S. § 1102.1, effective October 25, 2012, establishes a new sentencing scheme for juveniles convicted of
homicide offenses after June 24, 2012. Because Defendant was convicted of first-degree murder prior to that date,
14
such mandatory sentences for juveniles are unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment.
Miller, 132 S.Ct. 2455, 2466-68 (2012). The Court held that mandatory life-without-parole
sentences prevented trial courts from considering juveniles' "diminished culpability and
heightened capacity for change." Id. at 2469. The Court stressed that the "State's most severe
penalties on juvenile offenders cannot proceed as though they were not children." Id. at 2483.
It likened its viewpoint to its holding in Graltam, which held that life sentences for juveniles
convicted of non-homicide offenses were unconstitutional, and Roper, which invalidated death
sentences for juveniles. Id. at 2465-66; see also Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48(2010), Roper
v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005). Specifically, those cases reflect that:
[I]n imposing a State's harshest penalties, a sentencer misses too
much if he treats every child as an adult. To recap: Mandatory life
without parole for a juvenile precludes consideration of his
chronological age and its hallmark features-among them,
immaturity, impetuosity, and failure to appreciate risks and
consequences. It prevents taking into account the family and home
environment that surrounds him-and from which he cannot
usually extricate himself-no matter how brutal or dysfunctional.
It neglects the circumstances of the homicide offense, including the
extent of his participation in the conduct and the way familial and
peer pressures may have affected him. Indeed, it ignores that he
might have been charged and convicted of a lesser offense if not
for incompetencies associated with youth-for example, his
inability to deal with police officers or prosecutors (including on a
plea agreemen!) or bis incapacity to assist his own attorneys.
Id. at 2468.
Thus, the Court stated that "although we do not foreclose a sentencer's ability to
[sentence a juvenile to life imprisonment] in homicide cases, we require it to take into account
how children are different ... " Id. at 2469.
the statute does not apply to her sentencing. However, Pennsylvania courts have been guided by this statute in
resentencingjuveniles, as it allows courts to consider age-related factors established by Miller. See, e.g., Comm. v.
Lofton, 51 A.3d 1270, 1276-77 (Pa.Super. 2012).
15
In the wake of Miller, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court determined the appropriate
constitutional remedy for juveniles who were mandatorily sentenced to life imprisonment for
homicide offenses in Commonwealth v. Batts. 620 Pa. 115, 66 A.3d 286 (2013). The Court first
recognized that the General Assembly had attempted to grapple with Miller by instating a new
sentencing scheme under 18 Pa.C.S. §1102.1, which reads that:
(a) First degree murder.--A person who has been convicted after
June 24, 2012, of a murder of the first degree ... who was under
the age of 18 at the time of the commission of the offense shall be
sentenced as follows:
( 1) A person who at the time of the commission of the offense was
15 years of age or older shall be sentenced to a term of life
imprisonment without parole, or a term of imprisonment, the
minimum of which shall be at least 35 years to life.
For those convicted prior to June 24, 2012, however, who did not fall under the ambit of
U1e new statute-but who had not yet exhausted their direct appeals-the Court asserted that
Miller did not bar the imposition of a life sentence on a juvenile offense, and only mandated
judicial consideration of age-related factors prior lo sentencing. Batts, 620 Pa. at 296. Thus, it
recognized that the best constitutional remedy for a juvenile mandatorily sentenced prior to
Miller is the imposition of a new sentence considered in light of the factors outlined by the
Miller Court. Id. at 297; see also Comm. v. Knox, 50 A.3d 732, 745, (Pa.Super. 2012) ("We
emphasize that our disposition does not mean that it is unconstitutional for a juvenile actually to
spend the rest of his life in prison, only that the mandatory nature of the sentence, determined al
the outset, is unconstitutional.").
Since Batts, the Superior Court has upheld trial courts' resentencing of life imprisonment
for juveniles where the court considered the established age-related factors prior to resentencing.
In Comm. v. Seagraves, 10) A.3d 839 (Pa.Super. 2014), the Superior Court considered whether
the trial court "abused its discretion when it [re]sentenced [the defendant], who was a juvenile at
16
the time of the crime, to life without parole without properly taking into consideration mitigating
factors listed in Miller v. Alabama. "Id. at 841. The defendant was seventeen years of age at the
time the crime was committed. The first degree murder conviction arose from an incident where
defendant and an accomplice lured a victim to an obscure location, then brutally murdered him.
The court summarized the facts as follows:
[ Appellant], then seventeen, and his adult co-defendant ...
planned to lure the victim to an obscure location under a bridge.
Although the victim believed he was meeting [codefendant] for a
sexual encounter ... 'The plan was to meet him. Scare him. Ki II
him.' ... As planned, once the victim was present, Appellant
jumped the victim, stabbing him in his throat."
Id. at 840.
The trial court noted that "the brutal circumstances of [the victim's] death, the extent of
Appellant's participation therein, and the apparent lack of familial or peer pressure to participate
also inform our Judgment of Sentence. The case against Appellant contained overwhelming
evidence of planning and lying in wait for the victim." Id. at 847. The trial court also cited
Justice Breyer's concurring opinion in Miller, which "opin[ed] that the only juveniles who may
constitutionally be sentence[ d] to life without parole are those convicted of homicide offenses
who kill or intend to kill, differentiating such offenders from those who were convicted of
murder as a result of participation in a felony." Id. at 847-48.
With Supreme Court precedent in mind, the trial court held that "in the case at bar, there
is no indication that Appellant was anything other than a knowing and willing participant in the
senseless, premeditated and horrendous slaughter of [the victim]." Id. at 848. The court also
referenced the trial judge's summation of Appellant's participation in the crime as follows: "The
horrendousness of this, the lack of compassion, the Jack of human sympathy for another person I
think is justified in allowing the [sentencing] recommendation to be imposed as it is given."? Id.17
at 844-45. The court detailed how Appellant spent time planning the commission of the murder,
and reflected that he lacked remorse after the crime was committed. Id. at 845. Thus, the court
resentenced the Appellant to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. That sentence
was affirmed by the Superior Court, which found that its consideration of age-appropriate factors
was appropriate.
Similarly, the Superior Court recently affirmed a trial court's resentence of life
imprisonment in the latest iteration of Batts. 2015 Pa. Super. 187, 2015 WL 5174241. The
defendant was 14 years old at the time he participated in a gang-related murder, wherein he shot
two other teenage boys. Specifically, the "Appellant, then fourteen years old, walked up the front
porch steps of a house, shot Clarence Edwards in the head, and shot Corey Hilario in the back as
the man attempted to flee." Batts, 620 Pa. at 118. The trial court asserted that it had considered
the age-appropriate factors in resentencing, and had reviewed the record, trial transcripts, the
parties' sentencing memoranda, an investigation report, several psychological evaluations, and a
letter from the victim. Batts, 2015 WL at *11. The court also explained its weighing of the
factors established in Knox. Id. Based on the court's conclusion that "the factors not in
Defendant's favor significantly outweigh(ed] the factors in his favor," the court resentenced him
to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Id. at *6.
The Superior Court held that such a sentence was appropriate, as Miller "did not prohibit
either the imposition of a sentence of life without parole or even a mandatory sentence of life
with parole for a juvenile." Id. at *25. Responding to the Defendant's argument that "Batts II ...
categorically precluded the imposition of a sentence of life without parole on juveniles convicted
of first-degree murder," the court rejected such a narrow and isolated reading, as it would
provide greater protections than those provided under Miller. Id. at *26.
18
Based on precedent set forth in Miller and its Pennsylvania progeny, this Court
expansively explored the factors deemed essential in sentencing juveniles convicted of homicide
offenses. This Court considered that Defendant was 17 and one-half years of age at the time the
crime was committed. Thus, the "penological justifications for imposing the harshest sentences
on juvenile offenders» was not as diminished. Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2465. She was, however,
younger than the rest of her codefendanls. (RT 126, 129).4 It considered her home, her
neighborhood, and her environment. (RT 132). The Defendant enjoyed a middle class upbringing
and a stable family unit. (RT 132). This Cou11 considered her past exposure to violence. (RT
133). The Defendant asserted that she was raped at age 13, and that her codefendant Ricky
Smymes raped her around the time Jennifer Dougherty was murdered (RT 133). This Cou11
considered her drug and alcohol history. (RT 133). The Defendant gave conflicting reports as to
the amount of alcohol she consumed as well as her marijuana usage. (RT 134). This Court
considered her mental health history. (RT 134). Here, too, the Defendant offered conflicting
reports, often claiming to suffer from many psychotic incidents which made one doctor question
their validity. (RT 134). He explained that so many symptoms grouped together would not
present themselves simultaneously. (RT 134).
Dr. Wright testified:
The specific symptoms she described to me were very inconsistent
throughout the course of my examination. They were inconsistent
as compared to the reports. She first told me when I first
questioned her about the psychosis, she had visualizations of her
deceased grandmother. These were life-like. As the interview
progressed they expanded. She said she was seeing smaller images
of her deceased grandmother. She said she was seeing her uncle,
she was seeing enemies, and she also saw animals, including
horses, tigers and bears. She claimed that some of the images could
only be seen in her right eye and the other images in her left eye.
4
Numerals in parenthesis preceded by the letters "RT' refer to specific pages of the transcript of the resentencing
hearing, held on June 30 and July I, 2015, and made a part of the record herein.
19
The description is inconsistent with any primary psychiatric
disorder raising concerns about the validity of her account of the
psychotic symptoms.
(RT 13, 14).
Further, the Defendant asked a fellow inmate for advice on how to "become crazy," reflecting a
manipulative attempt to appear mentally ill. (RT 135).
This Court also considered her ability to deal with police. (RT 135). The Defendant
openly spoke with police after the crime, and actively lied about her level of participation in the
murder of Jennifer Daugherty. (RT 135) This Court considered her capacity to assist her
attorney. (RT 135). The Defendant appeared capable of doing so. (RT 135). This Court
considered her emotional maturity and development. (RT 135-36). Defendant sought out older
friends. She was able to end a potentially dangerous relationship with a man six years her senior,
though she claims she was fearful of breaking ties with her codefendant. (RT 136). Although
many of her friends were older, she often distinguished herself as a leader in her group of
friends. (RT 136-37).
This Court also considered her potential for rehabilitation. (RT 137). The Defendant still
has not taken responsibility for her actions, and denies the role she played in the horrific and
brutal murder of Jennifer Daugherty. Although she continues to deny her role to the Court, she
. .
admitted t0 ~ frl!0w inmate that she lured Jennifer to the anartmenr because she was sleenine~
with her boyfriend. (RT 138-39). She stated to an inmate, "I feed feces to retards" and "I give
bleach to people to drink." (RT 21 ). She also threatened to "beat the living crap" out of an inmate
who planned to testify against her. (RT 139). This Court found these actions reflect a
manipulative personality, since she is able to change her demeanor to achieve her goals. (RT
139).
20
This Court also considered the circumstances of the crime, the defendant's participation
in the crime, and whether she has diminished culpability. (RT 139). The Defendant played a
major part in the planning and commission of the crime. (RT 139). One week before the murder,
she admitted to a friend that she "wanted to kill Jennifer because she did not want to share
Ricky." (RT 139). She posed as Ricky Smyrnes by using his phone to text message Jennifer so as
to lure her to Greensburg. (RT 148). One witness testified that the Defendant had exhibited
jealous behavior toward Jennifer prior to the murder, stating 'Tm going to kill that bitch" after
hearing Ricky Smyrnes speak on the telephone with Jennifer about "love and marriage." (RT
140). Another codefendant, Amber Meidinger, testified that there was tension between Jennifer
and the Defendant based on Ricky Smyrnes. (RT 141). When the Defendant confronted Jennifer
about her relationship with Smymes shortly before her torture and murder, she pushed her into
the bathroom towel rack three times, hitting her bead and chest. (RT 142). While her
codefendants were embarrassing Jennifer, calling her "ugly" and cutting her hair and scalp,
Defendant decided to call her parents and ask permission to spend the night with friends. (RT
142).
The next day, the Defendant confronted Jennifer about drinking soda pop that had been
in the refrigerator. (RT 143). Jennifer said that she had done nothing wrong, and the Defendant
the Defendant in the stomach. (RT 143). In response, the Defendant ran to Smyrnes, and said
"Jen killed my baby." (RT 143-44). During a "family meeting," the Defendant asserted that
Ricky must choose between herself and Jen, and that if he chose the Defendant, he would have
"to get rid of' Jennifer. (RT 144). That afternoon, Jennifer was bruised and beaten. The
Defendant suggested that Jennifer should be fed "pregnant pee because it's stronger." (RT 144).
21
__ ,
Thus, the Defendant urinated into a cup and forced Jennifer to drink it. (RT 144). Jennifer was
then forced to drink various other substances including feces, spices, more wine, and garlic. (RT
145). She began vomiting. (RT 145).
The degradation continued, with the Defendant taking a leading role. (RT 145). During
another family meeting that day, the Defendant, along with the others, all voted to kill Jennifer.
(RT 145). To this day, the Defendant asserts that she did not participate in the vote. (RT 146).
After Smyrnes forced Jennife~ to pen a suicide letter, the Defendant exclaimed, "Just kill that
bitch." (RT 146). After Jennifer was stabbed but remained alive, the Defendant again exclaimed,
"Just kill that bitch. I can't believe she is not dead yet." (RT 146). The Defendant was tortured,
humiliated, and endured unimaginable physical and mental agony for three days before she died.
After Jennifer died, the Defendant suggested that the group burn Jennifer's body in front of a
church. (RT 147). After the group disposed of Jennifer's body in a garbage can, the Defendant
attempted to elude and manipulate the officers she spoke to about the circumstances of Jennifer's
death. The Defendant stated to one detective that she had only spoken to Jennifer the previous
weekend, that they had been arguing because the Defendant was pregnant with Smyme's child,
and that the victim was "trying to get Ricky away from her." (RT 149). However, she continued
that after meeting in person, they hugged and made up. (RT 149). After some time had passed,
she alleged that the entire group was angry at Jennifer because she was trying to interfere with
the Defendant and Ricky's relationship. After being incarcerated, however, she openly bragged
to fellow inmates about her involvement in the murder. (RT 150).
This Court noted on the record during resentencing, and will repeat herein, that it did not
take the matter of resentencing lightly. The death of Jennifer Daugherty involved days of
prolonged torture. Ms. Marinucci and her codefendants forced Jennifer to endure hours of
22
unimaginable terror and pain before she slowly bled to death on the floor of Ricky Smyrne's
apartment. This was not a case which involved a few moments of youthful irresponsibility or
indiscretion. The Defendant exhibited a level of callousness, over the course of Jennifer's torture
and murder, which is seemingly incomprehensible. The Defendant has chosen not to take
responsibility for her role in Jennifer's death in the courts. She has not hesitated, however, in
using her actions during Jennifer's torture to bully other inmates and to instill fear. Her attempts
to manipulate experts into believing that she is mentally unstable further reflect her lack of
remorse. Based on all of the facts surrounding the Defendant's personal circumstances, and the
nature of the crime committed, this Court believes that its sentence of life imprisonment without
the possibility of parole is the most appropriate sentence as permitted by law.
2. WHETHER THE SENTENCE IMPOSED REPRESENTED AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION
Next, the Defendant asserts that "the argument set forth above with respect to the illegality of
the sentence is incorporated herein lo demonstrate that the sentence imposed was an abuse of
discretion, as well." Defendant'sBrief in Support of Post-SentenceMotions, pg. 4.
Specifically, the Defendant alleges that this Court disregarded pieces of evidence which showed
maturation and rehabilitation since Defendant's incarceration. It is well-established that:
Sentencing rs a matter vested in the sound discretion of
the sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on
appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context,
an abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in
judgment. Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the
record, that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or
ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
Comm. v. Hoch, 936 A.2d 515, 517-18 (Pa.Super. 2007).
23
-!
The trial court is granted broad discretion in sentencing defendants "because of the
perception that the trial court is in the best position to determine the proper penalty for a
particular offense based upon an evaluation of the individual circumstances before it." Comm. v.
Mouzon, 571 Pa. 419, 812 A.2d 617, 620 (Pa. 2002) (quoting Comm. v. wo« 524 Pa. 48, 568
A.2d 1242, 1243 (1990)). Moreover, "an abuse of discretion may not be found merely because
an appellate court might have reached a different conclusion, but requires a result of manifest
unreasonableness, or partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will, or such lack of support so as to be
clearly erroneous." Comm. v. Walls, 926 A.2d 957, 961 (Pa. 2007) (quoting Grady v. Frito-
Lay, Inc., 576 Pa. 546, 839 A.2d 1038, 1046 (2003)). Where a presentence report exists, "we
presume that the court was aware of relevant information regarding the defendant's character and
weighed those considerations along with any mitigating factors." Seagraves, 103 A.3d at 842
(citing Comm. v. Griffin,65 A.3d 932, 937 (Pa.Super.2013)).
The Superior Court found that a trial court did abuse its discretion in sentencing where it
"failed to consider [the defendant's] age, family history, rehabilitative needs, the pre-
sentence report or the fact that all of her offenses were non-violent in nature ... " Comm. v.
Par/ante, 823 A.2d 927, 930 (Pa.Super. 2003) (''The trial court based [defendant's] sentence
solely on the fact that her prior record indicated that it was likely that she would violate her
nrohation in the future hut failed to consider other imnortant factors. "). Converselv. it found that
.l .. J. , ., ~
a trial court did not abuse its discretion where it considered a number of different factors in
fashioning its sentence, including "appellee's conduct and demeanor when she entered her plea,
the judge's knowledge of the related dependency case, evidence at the sentencing hearing, the
applicable sentencing guidelines, and the pre-sentence report." Comm. v. Hess, 745 A.2d 29, 33
(Pa.Super. 2000). The court determined that while the trial court's sentence may have been
24
lenient, and "while some of its considerations were misguided," it did not constitute an abuse of
discretion. Id. at 33.
Although the Defendant asserts that this Court disregarded numerous pieces of evidence, this
Court made clear in its resentencing that it considered all evidence before it, including the
extensive pre-sentence report. This Court questioned Doctor Wright on whether or not Defendant
may have modeled cooperative behavior in prison to garner a more lenient sentence. Id. at 41.
Such an inquiry was reasonable, however, in light of Doctor Wright's testimony that the
Defendant's mental symptoms were inconsistent and potentially fabricated. Further, it was
revealed upon cross-examination that Doctor Zerby, the Defendant's expert, had not reviewed
the circumstances of the crime with the Defendant, and solely relied upon the Defendant's own
retelling of her involvement in the crime in his evaluation. (RT 66). When asked why he did not
further investigate the facts in detail, Doctor Zerby stated only that it was "because she did not
want to go and talk about it in detail, and also she denied a significant role in the more serious
offenses." (RT 67). Therefore. he was not aware of any trial testimony or statements which
described the Defendant's level of involvement with Jennifer Daugherty's murder. (RT 67).
Both expert psychiatrists analyzed the Defendant under the factors established by Miller and
Batts. The fact that this Court sentenced the Defendant lo a term of life imprisonment does not
mean that either of the reports was used in isolation, or rhar this Court chose to ie;nore Doctor
Zerby's testimony. This Court employed its discretion in sentencing the Defendant within the
range permitted by law, and with the aid of all reports and materials available. Thus, this Court's
sentence was not an abuse of discretion.
3. WHETHER THIS COURT ERRED IN DENYING DEFENDANT'S REQUEST
FOR A SENTENCING JURY
25
Defendant also asserts that "fai I ing to have a jury determine important factual issues
necessary for determining the appropriate sentence to be imposed under Miller, and Batts, [] runs
afoul of the United States Constitution." See Defendant's Brief in Support of Post-Sentence
Motions, pg. 5. While the Defendant concedes that there is no current law or rule of court in
Pennsylvania to utilize such a sentencing coUJ1, she asserts that "the general trend ef the United
States Supreme Court jurisprudence suggests the necessity of using a jury to determine the
appropriate sentence under the unique circumstances presented herein." Id.In Pennsylvania, a jury may only be empanelled for sentencing under the authority of 42
Pa. C.S. §9711, which sets forth the sentencing procedures for charges of first degree murder. In
such a case, the jury determines whether the defendant shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or
the death penalty. Under Roper, juveniles cannot be sentenced to the death penalty; thus, 42 Pa.
C.S. §9711 does not apply here.
Moreover, Miller is instructive in this instance, as its final paragraph suggests that either a
judge or a jury can ultimately sentence a juvenile under the newly-established age-appropriate
factors: The Court stated that "Graham, Roper, and our individualized sentencing decisions
make clear that a judge or jury must have the opportunity to consider mitigating circumstances
before imposing the harshest possible penalty for juveniles." Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2475. Miller
did not hold that a special procedure. involving the empanelling of a sentencing jury, was a
constitutional necessity. Thus, this Court appropriately considered mitigating circumstances in
sentencing the Defendant, in step with Pennsylvania law.
Although the Defendant cites to bothApprendi and Alleyne in support of her contentions, the
Superior Court has recognized that these two cases, together with the Cruel and Unusual
Punishment Clause, are meant to protect defendants "from the imposition of punishments by trial
26
judges that are unconstitutional, imposed through unconstitutional processes," or represent
greater punishment than the legislature intended. Comm v. Lawrence, 99 A.3d 116, 123
(Pa.Super. 2013) ( emphasis added). None of those situations are present in this case, as this
Court has not disobeyed any constitutional provision, nor is a term of life imprisonment a greater
sentence than intended by the legislature. The Court in Apprendi also stated:
We should be clear that nothing in this history suggests that it is
impermissible for judges to exercise discretion-taking into
consideration various factors relating both to offense and offender-
in imposing a judgment within the range prescribed by statute. We
have often noted that judges in this country have long exercised
discretion of this nature in imposing sentence within statutory
limits in the individual case.
Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 481 (2000).
And the Alleyne Court reiterated that "this ruling does not mean that any fact that influences
judicial discretion must be found by a jury. This Court has long recognized that broad sentencing
discretion, informed by judicial fact-finding, does not violate the Sixth Amendment." Alleyne v.
United States, 1J3 S.Ct. 2151, 2153 (2013). For these reasons, this Court was not in error when
it denied Defendant's motion to empanel a jury for sentencing purposes.
4. WHETHER SENTENCING A JUVENILE OFFENDER TO LIFE WITHOUT
THE POSSIBILITY OF PAROLE JS PER SE UNCONSTITUTIONAL
Last, Defendant asserts that "under the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel
and unusual punishment, coupled with the Appellate Courts' trend recognizing that juvenile
offenders are fundamentally different ... that any sentence of life without the possibility of
parole" is per se unconstitutional. Defendant's Brief in Support of Post-Sentence Motions, pg.
10. Defendant again concedes that there is no United States Supreme Court or Pennsylvania
Supreme Court precedent to support such notion.
27
,.
The Supreme Court in Graham distinguished homicide from all other crimes, stating that
"there is a line 'between homicide and other serious violent offenses against the individual.?'
Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48, 69 (2010) (quoting Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U.S. 407, 437-
38 (2008)). Although other serious crimes certainly exist, "those crimes differ from homicide
crimes in a moral sense." Id. Thus, the Court only held that life sentences for juveniles convicted
of non-homicide offenses unconstitutional. Id. at 70-7 l. The Miller Court mandated only that "a
sentence follow a process-considering an offender's youth and attendant circumstances-before
imposing a particular penalty." Miller, 132 S.Ct. at 2471. Thus, there is no court precedent for
the notion that life sentences for juveniles run afoul of either the Pennsylvania or U.S.
Constitution.
While the United States Supreme court has certainly acknowledged that juveniles require
different sentencing procedures under the law, such protections have not rendered life sentences
invalid. This Court recognized those protections, and considered age-appropriate factors in its
resentencing of Defendant. However, under Pennsylvania law and United States Supreme Court
precedent, there is no support for the proposition that all life sentences without the possibility of
parole for juveniles are per se unconstitutional.
28
CONCLUSION:
For the foregoing reasons of fact and of law, the Defendant's Post-Sentence Motions are
hereby DENIED.
BY THE COURT:
Date Rita Donovan Hathaway, Judge
ATTEST:
Clerk of Courts
c.c. File
John W. Peck, Esq., District Attorney
Leo Ciaramitaro, Esq., Assistant District Attorney
Michael DeMatt, Esq., Counsel for the Defendant
Pam Neiderhiser, Esq., Court Administrator's Office
29