Ford, A. v. American States ( 2015 )

J-A27029-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
ALISHA L. FORD, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
AMERICAN STATES INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Appellee No. 1800 WDA 2014
Appeal from the Order Entered October 17, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County
Civil Division at No(s): 3733 OF 2013
BEFORE: BOWES, OLSON & STABILE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED DECEMBER 30, 2015
Appellant, Alisha L. Ford, appeals from the order entered on October
17, 2014. The subject order granted the motion for summary judgment that
was filed by Appellee, American States Insurance Company (hereinafter
“ASIC”), and denied Appellant’s cross-motion for summary judgment. We
affirm.
The trial court ably summarized the underlying facts and procedural
posture of this case. As the trial court explained:
The instant case arose from a motor vehicle accident that
occurred on March 19, 2013[,] between [Appellant] and
another vehicle driven by Carl Showalter. [Appellant], who
was operating the insured vehicle, attempted to turn left
with the right of way, when Mr. Showalter drove his vehicle
through a solid red light and collided with [Appellant’s]
vehicle. As a result of the collision, [Appellant] suffered
numerous injuries, including a fracture to her left ankle and
a mild traumatic brain injury.
J-A27029-15
After the accident, [Appellant] gave notice to [ASIC] that
she was pursuing an underinsured motorist [(hereinafter
“UIM”)] claim under [an automobile insurance policy with
ASIC (hereinafter “the Policy”). Appellant’s mother, Audrey
Ford, purchased the Policy that insured the vehicle;
Appellant was a listed driver on the Policy and was a
permissive user of the vehicle at the time of the accident]. .
..
[O]n May 23, 2013, Mr. Showalter’s insurance carrier
tendered and paid to [Appellant] his liability policy limit[] of
$25,000.00. On that same date, [ASIC] forwarded to
[Appellant] the UIM rejection form[] contained in the Policy,
wherein[, ASIC contended, Appellant’s mother had] rejected
[] UIM coverage [].
[The] UIM rejection form [at issue in this case] reads as
follows:
Rejection of Underinsured Motorists Protection
By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured
motorists coverage under this policy, for myself and all
relatives residing in my household. Underinsured
motorists coverage protects me and relatives living in
my household for losses and damages suffered if injury
is caused by the negligence of a driver who does not
have enough insurance to pay for all losses and
damages. I knowingly and voluntarily reject this
coverage.
[Stipulations of Fact between Appellant and ASIC, 8/19/14,
at “Exhibit 2”]. Below this paragraph is a signature line for
the Policy’s first named insured, which was signed and
dated by [Appellant’s] mother, Audrey Ford, on August 10,
2011.
Subchapter C of [Pennsylvania’s Motor Vehicle Financial
Responsibility Law (“MVFRL”)], 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731,
governs the availability and rejection of UIM coverage.
Section 1731(c) . . . sets forth the following form to be used
when an insured is rejecting such coverage:
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J-A27029-15
REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST
PROTECTION
By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured
motorist coverage under this policy, for myself and all
relatives residing in my household. Underinsured
coverage protects me and relatives living in my
household for losses and damages suffered if injury is
caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have
enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages. I
knowingly and voluntarily reject this coverage.
_______________________________
Signature of First Named Insured
_______________________________
Date
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c). . . .
Section 1731(c.1) then provides[]:
Insurers shall print the rejection forms required by
subsections (b)[fn.1] and (c) on separate sheets in
prominent type and location. The forms must be signed
by the first named insured and dated to be valid. The
signatures on the forms may be witnessed by an
insurance agent or broker. Any rejection form that does
not specifically comply with this section is void.
[75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c.1)].
[fn.1] [75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(b) concerns uninsured
motorist coverage].
Trial Court Opinion, 10/17/14, at 1-3.
On June 3, 2013, Appellant forwarded a letter to ASIC, wherein she
again demanded UIM coverage. Within the letter, Appellant declared:
The rejection form provided in this matter is not in strict
compliance with the language required by Pennsylvania
statute. I would refer you specifically to the second
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J-A27029-15
sentence of the rejection form, which reads: “Underinsured
Motorists Coverage protects me and relatives living in my
household for losses and damages suffered if injury is
caused by the negligence of a driver who does not have
enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages.” . . .
The addition of the word “Motorists” deviates from the
statutorily mandated language, as the statute refers only to
“Underinsured coverage,” rather than to “Underinsured
Motorists Coverage.”
Appellant’s Letter to ASIC, dated 6/3/13, at 2-3 (emphasis in original).
On July 1, 2013, ASIC sent Appellant a letter, declaring that it was
“uphold[ing] [its] denial of coverage based on Mrs. Ford’s rejection of [UIM]
. . . benefits.” ASIC Letter to Appellant, 7/1/13, at 2. Appellant then filed a
complaint for declaratory judgment, wherein Appellant claimed that the UIM
rejection form that was signed by Appellant’s mother was void, as it did not
“specifically comply” with 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c). Appellant’s Complaint,
7/17/13, at ¶ 19.
On August 19, 2014, ASIC filed a motion for summary judgment and,
on August 20, 2014, Appellant filed a cross-motion for summary judgment.
Within ASIC’s motion, ASIC claimed that it was entitled to summary
judgment because Appellant’s mother expressly rejected UIM coverage and:
[the ASIC] rejection form contains the exact language as
the statutory form except for the addition of the letter ‘s’ to
the word ‘Motorist’ in the heading. This is inconsequential
surplusage and/or an immaterial variance which should not
result in an insured’s getting a windfall of UIM coverage
when the insured neither intended to have nor paid for such
coverage.
ASIC’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 8/19/14, at 3.
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J-A27029-15
Conversely, Appellant claimed that she was entitled to summary
judgment because the UIM rejection form did not “specifically comply” with
the language of 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(c) and, thus, the form was void.
Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, 8/20/14, at 1-2.
Attached to both summary judgment motions were stipulations of fact,
wherein the parties agreed:
...
6. At all times material hereto, [Appellant] was an insured
under her mother’s Policy because [Appellant] was a
resident of her mother’s household.
7. On July 1, 2013, [ASIC] denied that there was [UIM]
coverage under the Policy for [Appellant] as to the subject
accident. This rejection was based on the “Underinsured
Motorists Coverage Selection/Rejection” which was signed
by Audrey Ford on August 10, 2011. . . .
...
9. 75 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 1731(c) and (c.1) of the MVFRL govern
the rejection of UIM coverage. . . .
10. There are two differences between the statutory
language of 75 [Pa.C.S.A.] § 1731(c) and the language of
the [ASIC] form. These two differences are: 1) the [ASIC]
form refers to “Motorists” in the heading, while the
statutory form refers to “Motorist”; and 2) the [ASIC] form
adds the word “motorists” in the second sentence to read
“Underinsured motorists coverage,” while the statutory form
reads “Underinsured coverage.”
11. Premiums were not paid by [Appellant] or her mother
for [UIM] coverage.
Stipulations of Fact between Appellant and ASIC, 8/19/14, at 2-3.
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J-A27029-15
By order entered October 17, 2014, the trial court granted ASIC’s
motion for summary judgment, denied Appellant’s cross-motion for
summary judgment, and dismissed Appellant’s complaint. Appellant filed a
timely notice of appeal and now raises the following claim to this Court: 1
Whether the [trial] court erred or abused its discretion when
holding that [ASIC’s] [UIM] rejection form “specifically
complies” with Section 1731 of the [MVFRL] despite
[ASIC’s] rejection form incorporating additional language
that deviates from the mandated rejection form contained in
Section 1731?
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (subheadings omitted and some internal capitalization
omitted).
We reviewed the briefs of the parties, the relevant law, the certified
record, and the well-written and thorough opinion from the able trial court
judge, the Honorable David A. Regoli. We conclude that the claim raised in
Appellant’s brief fails and that Judge Regoli’s opinion, filed on October 17,
2014, meticulously and accurately explains why Appellant’s claim fails.
Therefore, we adopt the trial court’s opinion as our own. In any future
filings with this or any other court addressing this ruling, the filing party
shall attach a copy of the trial court’s opinion.
____________________________________________
1
The trial court ordered Appellant to file and serve a concise statement of
errors complained of on appeal, pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925(b). Appellant complied with the trial court’s order and,
within her Rule 1925(b) statement, Appellant listed the claim she currently
raises in her brief.
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J-A27029-15
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/30/2015
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY,
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
CIVILDMSION
ALISHA L. FORD, )
) No. 3733 of2013 ;
.I
Plaintiff; )
)
)
)
AMERICAN STATES INSl.JRANCE )
COMPANY> )
)
Defendant. ). .I
) i
. i
) . !
OPINION AND ORDER OF COURT ;
ij.
This matter is before the Court on cross-motions for summary judgment filed by both the
. : : ...
. . . . . .... .. . . . .'·.. ·:·. .. .
. ' _;;.. .
· · Plaintiff
. . . . and: Defendant..
·. .
Atissue in,--~·ch party's. niotiori.
. . . . .· .
for
.
s-~-jildgment
. ..
is the validity. of
an. underinsured co~erage ;ej~ction form ("UIM rej~on. f~nn")1 c~ntafued .in th.e Plaintiff's .
. autoinsurance policy with the DefendantIthefPolicy") . 2 The. Plaintiff seeks summaryjudgment ·
in her favor' on the. basis
. that the Defendant's Ulfyi rejection form ·is void .fot. failure
. . to.
"specifically comply" with the Pennsylvania Motor Financial Responsibility Law ("MYFRL");
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731. The Court does not agree, and for the reasons set forth below, hereby .
denies the Plaintiff's Motion .for. Summary Judgment and, further, grants the Defendant's Motion ..
for Summary Judgment.
I. Factual Background
· The instant case arose from a motor vehicle accident-that occurred on March 'i9,-20.l3
between· the Plaintiff, · Alisha L ·Ford;· 'and' another
. .
vehicle
.
driven by·:· Carl Showalter,': .The
\
i· illM coverage affords b~nefits ~he~
anothe/~~;;;. is. at ~a~~~ fo~ ~j~ but. lac~ strllici~nt. . . .
insurance to coverall losses caused by the.accident. See 75 Pa.C.$,A,.§ 17Jl(c). •.-· .. . ·. , . ; ·; .. ·
. · 2 . It is stipulated that the Plaindffwa·s an iriimred under the Policy, which··was in her mother's name ..
However, for the sake of this Opinion, the Policy wiU be referred to as the Plaintiff's policy.
•'. •• .' : • • "•• I • • ,· • •; • • • • ;, • ·: •• ~ ··~ • \ ~ • • ' • •
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Plaintiff who was operating the insured vehicle, attempted to turn left with the right of way,
when Mr; Showalter dr~ve his vehicle through a solid red light and collided with the Plaintiff's
vehicle. AB a result of the collision, the Plaintiff suffered numerous injuries, including a fracture
to her left ankle and a mild traumatic brain injury.
After the accident, the Plaintiff gave notice to the Defendant that she was pursuing an
underinsured motorist claim under the Policy. Subsequently! on May.23, 2013, fyfr .. Showalter's
insurance-carrier tendered and paid to the Plaintiff his liability policy limits of szs.coo.co. On
that same date, the Defendant forwarded to the Plaintiff the UIM rejection forms contained in the .
Policy, wherein it rejected the DIM coverage sought by the Plaintiff .
. The Defendant's UIM rejection form re_ads as follows:
Rejection ofUnderinsured Motorists Protection
By signing this. waived am rejecting underinsured motorists coverage under this
policy, ·for myself and all relatives . residing -in my household. Underinsured <,
motorists coverage protects me and relatives living in my household for losses
and· damages suffered if injury is caused by the negligence of a driver who does
not have enough insurance to ·pay for all lossesand damages. t knowinglyand
. '
voluntarily reject-this coverage.
See-Exhibit "2" to the Stipulations· ofFact. Below. this paragraph is a signature .line forthe
. Policy's first namedinsured, which wassigned anddated by the.Pl~ntiff's mother, Audrey Ford,
I · ' on August 10, 201 L' ·
Subchapter C of the MVFRL, 75 Pa C.S.A. § r'731, governs the availability and rejection
of UIM 'coverage .. Section 1731 (c) of that Subchapter sets forth the following form to be used .
when an insured is rejecting such coverage:
REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST PROTECTION
By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorist coverage under this·
policy, for myself and ·all relatives residing in my household. Underinsured · · . ,
coverage protects me and relatives .living in my household for losses and damages ·
suffered ifinjury is caused-bythe negligence of a driver who does not have ·
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enough insurance to pay for all losses and damages. I knowingly and voluntarily
reject this coverage.
. ., .
·Signature of First Named Insured
. ......................... , ,
Date
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 173l(c) (West 2014). Section 1731(c.1) then provides that:
· Insurers shall print the rejection forms required by subsections (b)3 and (c) on
separate sheets in prominent type and location. The forms must be signed by the .
first named insured and dated to be valid.The signatures on the forms may be
witnessed by an insurance agent or broker. Any rejection form that does not.
specifically comply with 'this section is void.
Id. at§ 173l(c.1).
Instantly, it is the Plaintiff'sposition that the Defendant's UIM rejection form isvoid .
. . .
- under Section 173 l(c.1) op the following two grounds: ·(l) the addition of the letter.vs" to the
term "Motorist't.in the rejection form's title; and (2) the inclusion of the word "motorists" _in th.e
form 's second sentence. The Defendant, however, argues that despite the additions, its rejection
form still contains the exact language as set forth in Section 1731 (c) and thus isvalid, The
. = Defendant further reasons that the addition.of the word "motorists" does not introduce any
ambiguity into the form, nor does it change the party's understanding of the intended coverage -.
The question before the Court, therefore, is whether t~e Defendant's addition of'the term_
. .
· "motorists" in its tJIM rejection form "specifically complies" with Section 1731.(c).
II. Analysis
· The MVFRL does not define the phrase "specifically comply," nor have many courts
.. attempted to 90 so. What's more, the courts have not been uniform in determining whether .
additional language in a UIM rejection form specifically complies with Section 1731( c.1).
Subsection (b) explains the optional uninsured motorist ("UM") coverage. 75Pa.CS.A. §
173l(b).
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Compare Jones v. Unitrin Auto & Home Ins. Co., 40 A3d 125 (Pa. Super. 2012) (holding that
"additions to the prescribed language, and deviation from the proximal relationship of the
components, of the UIM rejection form required by 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731 fail to specifically
comply with the statute and is consequently void") with Unitrin Auto & Home Ins. Co. v.
Heister, 2005 WL 2314372 (M.D.Pa. 2005) (examining the same additional language at issue in
. .
Jones and holding that the UIM rejection form nevertheless complied with Section 1731 because
it still used the exact language required by Section 1731 (c) where Section 173 I (c. l) "nowhere
indicates that additional clarifying language vitiates an otherwise valid UIM rejection form").
In support of her Motion for Summary Judgment, the Plaintiff cites several Superior
Court cases interpreting and applying Section 1731 ( c). In both cases, the Superior Court held
that the UIM rejection forms at issue were null and
. void. See Am. Int'l Ins. Co. v. Vaxmonsky,
.
916 A.2d 1106 (Pa Super. 2006); Jones, supra. In Vaxmonsky, the Superior Court concluded
that a UIM rejection form did not specifically comply with Section 173 l(c) due to its removal of
the word "all" from the phrase "all losses and damages" as provided for in Section 1731 ( c),
In reaching its conclusion, the Vaxmonsky Court conducted more than just a perfunctory.
comparison of the language used in Section 1731(c) with the UIM rejection form. Rather, it
examined "what effect, if any, the omission of 'all' has on the validity of the signed rejection
form," wherein it reasoned that said omission "imposed ambiguity where none existed."
Vaxmonsky, 916 A.2d at 1109. The Superior Court's analysis in this regard suggests that the
effect of an omitted (or, presumably, additional) word is a factor to be considered when
determining whether a rejection form "specifically complies" with Section 1731 ( c).
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The Plaintiff also relies on Jones; supra; wherein a majority of the Superior Court4
concluded that a UIM rejection form was invalid due to its inclusion of the following sentence:
"By rejecting this coverage, I am also signing the waiver on P. 13 rejecting stacked limits of
underinsured motorist coverage." Jones, 40 A.3d at 128. In reaching its holding, the Jones
Court examined the additional sentence in terms of its "proximal relationship" between the
required language of Section 173 l(c) and the required signature and date Jines following said
language. Id. at 129: The Court reasoned that because the UIM rejection form was not "directly
related to rejection of UIM coverage," it did not "specifically comply" with Section .1731 (c) as
required by Section· 173 l(cJ). Id. at 129"'.130.· The Court then held that "additionsto the
prescribed language, and deviation from the proximal relationship of the components, of the.
DIM rejection form ] •.. J failto specifically comply.with the statute.and is consequently void."
Id. at 1_31 (emphasis added).
In addition to both Vaxmonsky and Jones, the Court finds guidance in the Supreme
Court's decision in Winslow~Quattlehaum v. Maryla11d I11s. Group, 752 A2d ~78- (Pa. 2000)-,
In Winslow-Quattlebaum, the Court deemed it acceptable for an insurer to place both the UIM
rejection formand the. UIM stacking rejection fo~ on the same page -. °The Winsl~w.Couii .
concluded that:
In. order to be 'valid, UM 'or ·ullvf · rejection forms ·must comply with the
as
requirements of section 1731(c.1") follows: the UIM rejection· must appear on a .
sheet separate from the UM· rejection; the first named insured must 'sign. the
rejection; and the rejection must be dated. Instantly, the UIM form was separate
from the UM form and Winslow-Quattlebaum, the first named insured; signed
and dated the form. There is, therefore, no basis on which to declare such waiver
void as it complies with all the requirements-of section 173 l(c.1 ).
4 Judge Cheryl Lynn Allen filed a Dissenting Opinion, in which she found that the rejection form
n
specifically complied with the requirements of Section l 1 (c) as it was printed separately from the UM rejection.
form, was signed and dated by the Appellant as the first named insured, and contained a verbatim recitation of
Section 173l(c)'s language. Id.e: 131. ·
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Winslow-Quattlebaum, 752 A.2d at 8~2. The Court thus reversed the Superior Court's .·
holding that the insurer's UIM rejection form did not specifically comply with Section.
1731 (c, l) because it' did not stand alone on its own page. See Wlnslow~Q11attleha111n v.
Maryland Ins. Group, 723 A.2d 681 (Pa. Super. 1998)(rev'd).
Furthermore, the Court finds persuasive the Third Circuit case of Robinson v. Travelers
Indem. cc, 520 Fed.Appx. 85 (3d'Cir. 2013).5 In Roblnson; similar to the instant case, the
insureradded the word "motorist" tothe second sentence of its UIM rejection form to make the.
phrase read "underinsured motorist? . coverage," rather than "underinsnred coverage," The Court
. .
concluded 'that despite the additional word, the insurer' s UIM rejection form complied with
'
Section 1731. In doing so, the Court referenced the Superior Court's. decision in Vaxmonsky
i
and reasoned that, "the 'additional word'
. was one word-a word that . didnot. introduce
.
1-
ambiguity into the rejection form, :~din fact made the phrase consistent with the restof the
· MVFRL. Cf; Vaxmonsky, 916 A.2~ at 1109[.Y1 Robinson, 520 Fed.Appx. at 88~- The Court.
continued: "the addition of the word 'motorist' did not introduce ambiguity into the form, did not.
change the meaning or scope of the coverage, and-indisputably-did not contravene any
party's. understanding of the intended coverage/ Id. at 89,
TheRobinso1t Court then compared its decision
. with the Superior Court's decision
. in,
· Jones, finding that Jones did not command a different result:
. InJones, the Superior Court examined a UIM rejection form that included an
additional sentence, which referredto an entirely different statutory provision [ ... ]
The Jones court found that Ute UIM rejection form did not specifically comply.
with § 1731 because the additional text did not pertain to the rejection of UIM
coverage, and appeared between the text and signature line prescribed in §
1731 (c), Subject matter and placement of the additional language were essential
in the Jones court's analysis ] ... ]
. .
· s · .. The Court finds this case especially persuasive given the relative lack of Pennsylvania authority on
the speci fie is sue presented in this case.
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Neither concern is at issue in this case-the additional word "motorist" does not
come between the language specified in § 1731 ( c) and the signature and date line.
Moreover, the word "motorist" is directly related to the rejection ofUTh1
coverage-indeed, the word "motorist" could be considered clarifying, as it
makes the phrase consistent throughout the section. Thus, even under Jones, we
believe that Robinson has no right to the VIM coverage that Tri-County
knowingly and intentionally rejected.
Id. (internal citations omitted).
In the case at bar, the Defendant's UIM rejection form, akin to Robinson, only contains
the addition of one word-"motorists"-in its second sentence. 6 It does not include an
additional paragraph or sentence, nor does it change the format or the spacing of the rejection
form itself. Accordingly, there is no deviation from the "proximal relationship" between the
required language of Section 1731 (c) and the required signature and date lines following the
language. Indeed, all of Section 1731( c)'s required language is included in the IBM rejection
form, whichwas also properly signed and dated by the Plaintiff's mother, as the first named
insured, directly below the rejection paragraph. See Winslow-Quattlebaum, .752 A.2d at 882.
Furthermore, the term "motorists" is directly related to the rejection ofUityl-~verage
and, in fact, makes the form consistent with the title and first sentence of Section 1731 (c) 's form ..
See 75 Pa. CS.A. § 1731 (c) ('•REJECTION OF UNDERINSURED MOTORIST PROT~C'.TION
[.;.]By signing this waiver I am rejecting underinsured motorist coverage ] ... ]") (emphasis
added). As such, the addition of the word "motorists" to the fonn's secondsentence does.not
impose any ambiguity; rather, it could-be argued that its inclusion makes the waiver more
uniform throughout the paragraph.
Lastly, there is no evidence that the first named insured, Audrey Ford, was confused by
the addition of the word "motorists" or that she otherwise misunderstood the meaning of the
6 While the Court notes that the Defendant used the plural version of"motorist" throughout the
form, the Court does not feel that this alteration changes the instant analysis.
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VIM rejection form as a result. Rather, the Policy language is clear and unambiguous and
plainlydenotes that the Plaintiff is "rejecting underinsured motorists coverage." The Plaintiff:
however) knowingly and.voluntarily rejected said coverage and, consequently, did not pay for
the same. As such; she is now seeking to recover a benefit for which she never bargained or
paid, The Court cannot permit such a recovery, as it finds that the Defendant ts UIM rejection
form specifically complies with Section 1731 ( c) and is thus valid and enforceable, The Court, .
therefore) enters the following Order: ·
....
8