Com. v. Candelario, D. ( 2015 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
DANNY CANDELARIO,
Appellant No. 2208 MDA 2013
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 30, 2013
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lackawanna County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-35-CR-0001876-2010
BEFORE: BOWES, WECHT, and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JANUARY 09, 2015
Danny Candelario appeals from his October 30, 2013 judgment of
sentence of six months imprisonment, which was imposed after he was held
in contempt for failure to pay fines and costs in connection with his July 15,
2010 guilty plea to disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Appellant claims
that the contempt finding and six-month sentence for non-payment of fines
constituted an abuse of discretion where he was unrepresented by counsel
at the hearing and unable to pay. We affirm in part and reverse in part.
On December 13, 2010, after pleading guilty to disorderly conduct and
resisting arrest, Appellant was sentenced to ten months to thirty-six months
imprisonment, together with costs and fines. While Appellant was serving
the sentence on work release, he was charged with misdemeanor escape on
February 13, 2012. As a result, he was returned to jail.
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On December 13, 2011, while on work release, Appellant received the
first of six delinquency notices for failure to pay fines and costs. A detainer
was placed on Appellant on April 29, 2013. By correspondence dated July 3,
2013, Appellant asked the court to lift the bench warrant for unpaid fines
and costs and enter an order granting him time served on the fines and
costs. A hearing was held on October 30, 2013 to address Appellant’s pro se
request that the detainer on the fines and costs be lifted.
At the hearing, Attorney Cathy Tully of the public defender’s office
appeared on behalf of Appellant. Counsel informed the court that she was
unsure whether she should be representing Appellant since he had chosen to
use other counsel in another pending criminal case. N.T., 10/30/13, at 2.
The trial court did not acknowledge Ms. Tully’s concern, Appellant did not
voice any objection to her representation, and Ms. Tully did not seek
permission to withdraw.
There was no dispute that Appellant had not paid the outstanding fines
and costs. Appellant asked the court why a bench warrant was issued when
he had served his maximum sentence. Id. at 3. He expressed his
understanding that the fines and costs were forgiven when the maximum
sentence was served. The trial court informed Appellant that the fine and
costs remain owing as long as they are unpaid. Id. The court asked
Appellant if he had the ability to pay the fines and costs “right now,” to
which Appellant responded in the negative. Appellant acknowledged that he
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was not eligible for the work release program due to his pending
misdemeanor escape charge. The trial court then held Appellant in
contempt for nonpayment of fines and costs totaling $812, and sentenced
him to six months incarceration. However, the trial court stayed the
sentence on the condition that, commencing thirty days after his release
from prison, Appellant make monthly payments of fifty dollars until the
balance was paid in full. The court also ordered that the detainer be lifted.
Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal on December 5, 2013.1 On
December 16, 2013, the trial court ordered Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) concise statement of issues complained of on appeal. After receipt
of Appellant’s pro se notice of appeal, this Court ordered the trial court to
conduct an on the record inquiry to determine if Appellant desired counsel
on appeal, and if so, to appoint counsel for that purpose. On January 28,
2014, after determining that Appellant wished to have counsel appointed,
the trial court appointed Robert Buttner, Esquire, as appellate counsel.
Counsel filed a motion seeking permission to file a Rule 1925(b) concise
statement nunc pro tunc on April 9, 2014, which the trial court granted. The
trial court filed an amended Rule 1925(a) opinion. Appellant identified four
issues, only two of which he argues on appeal:
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1
The notice of appeal was dated November 20, 2013, mailed on November
22, 2013, and filed by the trial court on December 3, 2013. The
Commonwealth does not argue that the within appeal was untimely filed,
presumably because it was timely under the prisoner mailbox rule.
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1) The trial court erred or abused its discretion in finding the
Defendant in contempt and imposing a sentence of
incarceration without first appointing counsel to represent
the Defendant.
2) The trial court erred or abused its discretion by finding the
Defendant in contempt and imposing a sentence for non-
payment of fines where the Defendant was indigent and
without the ability to pay.
Appellant’s brief at i.
When a contempt conviction is challenged on appeal, the trial court’s
ruling should not be disturbed unless there has been an abuse of discretion.
Commonwealth v. Baker, 766 A.2d 328, 331 (Pa. 2001). An abuse of
discretion is not simply an error of judgment. The trial court must override
or misapply the law, or the evidentiary record must show the judgment
exercised by the trial court is manifestly unreasonable or lacking in reason.
Id. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has described this standard as follows:
The term “discretion” imports the exercise of judgment, wisdom
and skill so as to reach a dispassionate conclusion, and
discretionary power can only exist within the framework of the
law, and is not exercised for the purpose of giving effect to the
will of the judges. Discretion must be exercised on the
foundation of reason, as opposed to prejudice, personal
motivations, caprice or arbitrary action. Discretion is abused
when the course pursued represents not merely an error of
judgment, but where the judgment is manifestly unreasonable or
where the law is not applied or where the record shows that the
action is a result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will.
Commonwealth v. Bowden, 838 A.2d 740, 761 (Pa. 2003).
Appellant claims that the trial court erred when it held a hearing in
which he was subject to a sentence of incarceration, without first appointing
counsel to represent him. Appellant points out that, after Ms. Tully informed
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the court that she was unsure of her ability to represent Appellant, the trial
court did not inquire whether she would continue to represent Appellant, nor
ask Appellant if he wished to have counsel. Appellant maintains that he did
not have the benefit of counsel at the fines and costs hearing because Ms.
Tully did not make any arguments on his behalf, did not oppose the
imposition of indirect criminal contempt, and did not represent his interests.
In support of his claim of trial court error, Appellant relies on
Commonwealth v. Crawford, 352 A.2d 52, 54 (Pa. 1976). Therein, the
defendant was summarily convicted of direct criminal contempt and
sentenced to six months imprisonment for refusing to testify for the
Commonwealth in a murder trial. On appeal, the defendant contended that
he was entitled to counsel despite the summary nature of the proceedings.
Our Supreme Court agreed, holding that an individual has an absolute right
to counsel, and may not be tried for any offense that would make him
subject to imprisonment without assistance of counsel or a knowing and
intelligent waiver of that right.
Appellant further argues that the fact that his sentence was stayed as
long as he made monthly payments has no bearing on his right to counsel.
Relying upon Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654, 658 (2002), Appellant
argues that a suspended sentence that may eventually lead to the
deprivation of a person’s liberty may not be imposed unless the defendant
has the benefit of counsel. Furthermore, although he was unquestionably
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indigent at the time of the trial and entitled to the appointment of counsel,
Ms. Tully failed to advance any arguments on his behalf. Thus, he contends
that his contempt conviction is infirm. Appellant’s brief at 9.
The Commonwealth agrees that Appellant was entitled to counsel, but
contends that Appellant was represented by Ms. Tully from the public
defender’s office. While the trial court did address Appellant directly for a
moment, it maintains that this is common practice. Commonwealth’s brief
at 2. Since Appellant did not advise the court that he wished to have new
counsel appointed, and Ms. Tully participated in the hearing, the
Commonwealth maintains that the inference to be drawn is that Ms. Tully
was representing Appellant at this hearing. Id. at 3. Furthermore, the fact
that Appellant was represented by different counsel on the escape charge
did not preclude Ms. Tully from representing Appellant at the fines and costs
hearing.
The trial court maintained that Appellant was represented at the fines
and costs hearing by public defender Cathy Tully. Trial Court Opinion,
4/24/14, at 2. The transcript of the fines and costs hearing of October 30,
2013, confirms that Ms. Tully was in attendance, she was familiar with
Appellant’s circumstances, and she addressed the trial court on Appellant’s
behalf multiple times during the brief hearing. The trial court did not
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terminate her services, nor did Appellant object to her representation.2
While Appellant is correct that he had a right to counsel at the summary
proceeding, we find that he was afforded counsel, and hence, his reliance on
Crawford is misplaced.
Next, Appellant argues that the trial court erred or abused its
discretion when it held Appellant in contempt and imposed a prison sentence
for non-payment of fines where the defendant was indigent and without
ability to pay. He relies upon Pa.R.Crim.P. 706(a), which provides:
A court shall not commit the defendant to prison for failure to
pay a fine or costs unless it appears after hearing that the
defendant is financially able to pay the fine or costs.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 706(a). Appellant argues that 42 Pa.C.S. § 9772, which
provides the following, precludes a finding of contempt in such
circumstances:
Unless there is proof that failure to pay a fine or that portion of
the fine is excusable, the court may after a hearing find the
defendant guilty of contempt and sentence him to not more than
six months imprisonment, if a term of confinement of that
amount could have been imposed for the offense charged. If an
alternative sentence has been imposed under 9758(c) (relating
to alternative sentence), the alternative sentence may not take
effect until there has been a preliminary finding of non-
indigency, and a willful failure to pay the fine.
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2
The record confirms that Appellant was familiar with the steps necessary to
retain or terminate counsel. Appellant retained Attorney Kevin Fitzgerald to
represent him on the disorderly conduct and resisting arrest charges.
Appellant terminated Mr. Fitzgerald via correspondence dated December 28,
2010, and Mr. Fitzgerald sought and obtained permission to withdraw.
Appellant subsequently was represented by the public defender’s office.
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42 Pa.C.S. § 9772.
Appellant contends first that, since he was incarcerated and ineligible
for work release, he was indigent. Thus, his failure to pay within the
meaning of § 9772 was excusable, not willful. Appellant maintains that the
statute requires a “willful failure to pay the fine” before contempt may be
found. Appellant’s brief at 10. He interprets this statute as evidencing
legislative intent to ensure that a person who does not have the ability to
pay will not be found in contempt and subject to sentencing. Id. Appellant
concludes his argument by noting that while it was appropriate for the trial
court to impose an installment plan, based on the record, it was improper to
find him in contempt. Id.
The Commonwealth agrees that the applicable statute is 42 Pa.C.S. §
9772, but focuses on the “alternative sentence” provision, which is set forth
in 42 Pa.C.S. § 9758(c). That subsection provides, “The sentence of the
court may include an alternative sentence in the event of nonpayment.” The
Commonwealth urges us to treat the stayed six-month sentence of
imprisonment as an alternative sentence under the latter provision.
According to the Commonwealth, only if that alternative sentence takes
effect will a court be required to find a “willful failure to pay the fine.”
Commonwealth’s brief at 5. Thus, should Appellant be released and later
default, the Commonwealth maintains that he would be entitled to another
hearing before he would be required to serve his sentence.
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The Commonwealth contends that the purpose of this hearing was to
determine Appellant’s ability to pay the costs and fines. It points out that
Appellant did not make payments on the fines and costs while he was in the
work release program and earning wages. Commonwealth’s brief at 4. The
Commonwealth argues that Appellant’s failure to pay was not excusable, and
that the trial court acted appropriately in establishing this payment plan.
The trial court determined that since Appellant’s escape disqualified
him from eligibility for the work program, he did not have the ability to pay
while incarcerated. It justified the payment plan, which would take effect
upon Appellant’s release from prison, pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 706(B). That
rule provides:
When a court determines, after hearing, that the defendant is
without the financial means to pay the fine or costs immediately
or in a single remittance, the court may provide for payment of
the fines or costs in such installments and over such period of
time as it deems to be just and practicable, taking into account
the financial resources of the defendant and the nature of the
burden its payments will impose.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 706(B).
This Court agrees that the trial court lawfully could impose a payment
plan after it determined that Appellant was unable to pay the fines and costs
while incarcerated. More problematic is the contempt conviction. Appellant
was not apprised that the purpose of the hearing was to determine whether
he should be held in contempt. Moreover, prior to holding Appellant in
contempt, the trial court made no express finding that his failure to pay was
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willful. Although the Commonwealth offers a possible justification for the
imposition of contempt, i.e., that Appellant failed to make payments while
he was on work release, no such evidence was adduced at the hearing. Nor
does the trial court offer this as a basis for its contempt finding.
Furthermore, we find unpersuasive the Commonwealth’s argument that the
court need not find a willful failure to pay before holding an individual in
contempt, or that the six-month sentence of imprisonment was an
alternative sentence and that Appellant would receive a hearing to
determine willful failure to pay before he would be subject to imprisonment.
Id. at 5.
Appellant requested this hearing. It was ostensibly a fines and costs
hearing. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9772. Appellant established a present inability to
pay. We find no abuse of discretion in permitting Appellant to make
payments in monthly installments upon his release. However, we find no
factual basis in the record to support the contempt finding, and therefore,
we reverse that conviction. Should Appellant later default despite a finding
that he has the ability to pay fines or costs, we see no impediment to
sending the account to a private collection agency or the Commonwealth
seeking imposition of contempt and imposition of imprisonment at that time.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9772.
Judgment of sentence for contempt reversed. All other aspects
affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/9/2015
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