Com. v. Golden, J. ( 2016 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
JAMES GOLDEN
Appellant No. 143 EDA 2015
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 18, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0707601-2000
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and STABILE, J.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JANUARY 20, 2016
James Golden appeals from the trial court’s order denying his petition
filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-
9546. After careful review, we affirm.
On July 23, 2009, Golden pled guilty to escape1 and was sentenced to
3-23 months’ incarceration, plus 4 years of probation with immediate parole.
On the same day, the court found Golden in technical violation of his
probation on a sentence imposed in 2001 for theft by receiving stolen
property (RSP)2 and alteration/destruction of VIN.3 As a result, the court
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1
18 Pa.C.S. § 5121.
2
18 Pa.C.S. § 3925(A).
3
18 Pa.C.S. § 1.4(A).
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terminated his parole and revoked his probation on those sentences and
ordered him to serve an aggregate sentence of 7-14 years’ incarceration. At
his violation of probation (VOP) hearing, Golden was represented by Mary
Maran, Esquire, who appeared on behalf of Golden’s privately-retained trial
attorney, Jack McMahon, Esquire (Attorney McMahon/counsel).4
On July 29, 2009, Attorney McMahon filed a motion for reconsideration
of Golden’s VOP sentence. The motion was denied without a hearing. On
August 14, 2009, counsel filed a notice of appeal from Golden’s VOP
sentence. However, on September 18, 2009, counsel filed a petition, in the
Superior Court, to withdraw as appellate counsel. In his petition, Attorney
McMahon stated that he was privately hired to represent Golden in the trial
court only, that he believes Golden is indigent and may qualify for court-
appointed counsel, and that he has informed Golden of his intent to
withdraw as his counsel “due to [Golden’s] failure to pay for counsel on
appeal.” Petition to Withdraw as Counsel, 9/18/09.
On October 8, 2009, this Court granted counsel’s motion and directed
the trial court to determine Golden’s eligibility for court-appointed counsel
within 60 days. On October 17, 2009, Golden moved the court to appoint an
attorney to represent him on appeal due to counsel’s withdrawal. In his
motion, Golden stated that he was not presently employed, that he had not
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4
Golden was found to have violated his probation on two prior occasions, in
2005 and 2007.
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received any income in the past twelve months, and that he did not have
any checking or savings accounts. On December 11, 2009, the trial court
held a hearing and determined that Golden was not eligible for either court-
appointed counsel or an attorney from the public defender’s office. The
court ordered Golden to notify the Superior Court, within 20 days of the date
of its decision as to whether he intended to retain new counsel or represent
himself on his pending appeal.
On December 24, 2009, Golden filed a pro se motion for appointment
of counsel which the trial court denied, without prejudice, to apply to the
trial court for in forma pauperis status and/or appointment of counsel. The
court also ordered that Golden either proceed pro se unless or until he
retained private counsel or the trial court appointed counsel to represent
him. On February 16, 2010, the court ordered that Golden, pro se, file a
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained of on appeal no later than
March 19, 2010. Golden filed a motion for an extension within which to file
his Rule 1925(b) statement which the court granted. On March 11, 2010,
Golden filed his pro se Rule 1925(b) statement raising the issue that
Attorney McMahon did not represent him at his VOP hearing, but, rather had
another attorney who was unfamiliar with the case advocate on Golden’s
behalf. Golden alleged that VOP counsel “failed to argue any and all
elements during [his] VOP [hearing] . . . and failed to object to any and all
remarks made against appellant by the District Attorney[.]” Defendant’s Pro
Se Rule 1925(b) Statement, 3/11/10, at 2. The trial court authored a Rule
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1925(a) opinion on June 30, 2010. When Golden failed to file an appellate
brief, this Court quashed his appeal. See Commonwealth v. Golden,
2391 EDA 2009 (September 30, 2010) (unpublished memorandum).
On July 21, 2011, Golden filed the instant, timely pro se PCRA petition
alleging that Attorney McMahon was ineffective for failing to file an appellate
brief to the Superior Court in his direct appeal and that he was sentenced to
an illegal sentence for RSP. PCRA Counsel was appointed5 and filed an
amended petition on his behalf claiming that Golden was abandoned by
counsel on appeal and that the court failed to appoint him counsel. PCRA
counsel requested that Golden’s appeal rights either be reinstated nunc pro
tunc or that the court remand this case to the trial court for an evidentiary
hearing under the PCRA. On July 11, 2011, the court issued notice of its
intent to dismiss Golden’s petition pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On July
18, 2014, Golden filed a pro se response to the Rule 907 notice. On
September 18, 2014, the PCRA court dismissed Golden’s petition. This
appeal follows.
On appeal, Golden presents the following issues for our consideration:
(1) Whether the judge was in error in denying the Appellant’s
PCRA petition without an evidentiary hearing on the issues
raised in the amended PCRA petition regarding trial
counsel’s ineffectiveness.
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5
See Pa.R.Crim.P. 904.
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(2) Whether the judge was in error in not granting relief on
the PCRA petition alleging counsel was ineffective.6
The standard of review of an order denying a PCRA petition is whether
that determination is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal
error. The PCRA court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no
support for the findings in the certified record. Commonwealth v.
Johnston, 42 A.3d 1120, 1126 (Pa. Super. 2012). Moreover, a court may
dispose of a PCRA petition without a hearing “when the petition and answer
show that there is no genuine issue concerning any material fact and that
the defendant is entitled to relief as a matter of law.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(2).
Essentially, Golden claims that counsel was ineffective for abandoning
him on appeal where “prior counsel had no reasonable basis for failing to
take the necessary actions to protect [him], and [he] was prejudiced as a
result.” Appellant’s Brief, at 17. Specifically, Golden takes issue with the
fact that the PCRA court dismissed his petition, based on this ineffectiveness
claim, without holding a hearing.
We first note that with respect to claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel, we begin with the presumption that counsel is effective.
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 47 A.3d 63, 76 (Pa. 2012). To prevail on an
ineffectiveness claim, a petitioner must plead and prove, by a
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6
We have consolidated these two issues on appeal as they both involve the
same underlying claim regarding counsel’s effectiveness and whether the
claim warrants a PCRA hearing.
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preponderance of the evidence, three elements: (1) the underlying legal
claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable basis for his or her
action or inaction; and (3) the petitioner suffered prejudice because of
counsel's action or inaction. Id. (citation omitted).
Pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 120(B):
(1) Counsel for a defendant may not withdraw his or her
appearance except by leave of court.
(2) A motion to withdraw shall be:
(a) filed with the clerk of courts, and a copy concurrently
served on the attorney for the Commonwealth and
the defendant; or
(b) made orally on the record in open court in the
presence of the defendant.
(3) Upon granting leave to withdraw, the court shall determine
whether new counsel is entering an appearance, new
counsel is being appointed to represent the defendant, or
the defendant is proceeding without counsel.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 120(B). Moreover, counsel’s obligation to represent the
defendant, whether as retained or appointed counsel, remains until leave to
withdraw is granted by the court. Commonwealth v. Librizzi, 810 A.2d
692 (Pa. Super. 2002).
Under the Rules of Professional Conduct, “a lawyer may withdraw from
representing a client” if “the client fails substantially to fulfill an obligation to
the lawyer regarding the lawyer’s services and has been given reasonable
warning that the lawyer will withdraw unless the obligation is fulfilled.”
Pa.R.P.C. 1.16(b)(5). See Explanatory Comment [8] to Rule 1.16 (stating
that subsection (b)(5) applies in situations where client does not abide by
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agreement concerning fees). Moreover, in Commonwealth v. Ford, 715
A.2d 1141, 1145 (Pa. Super. 1998), our Court stated:
There is no bright line rule governing when a trial court abuses
its discretion in ruling on a petition to withdraw as counsel. See
Commonwealth v. Sweeney, [] 533 A.2d 473, 481 (Pa. Super.
1987). Rather, a court must weigh the interests of the client in a
fair adjudication, the interests of the Commonwealth in efficient
administration of justice, and the interests of the attorney
seeking withdrawal. See id. Therefore, “resolution of the
problem turns upon a case by case analysis with particular
attention to the reasons given by the trial court at the time the
request for withdrawal is denied.” Id.It is certainly true that counsel may seek to withdraw from
representation for a variety of reasons, from ethical to financial.
See Commonwealth v. Keys [] 580 A.2d 386, 387 (Pa. Super.
1990). This is not to say, however, that every time withdrawal is
permissible from the attorney’s perspective that the Court must
allow it. As indicated by the Sweeney standard, the interests of
the Commonwealth and the client must be considered before
withdrawal is proper.
Id. at 1145. See also Commonwealth v. Roman, 549 A.2d 1320, 1321
(Pa. Super. 1988) (“There are no prophylactic rules which exist when
determining whether a denial or withdrawal amounts to an abuse of
discretion[;] [e]ach case must be determined by balancing the competing
interests giving due regard to the facts presented.”).
Critically and necessarily, in the instant case Attorney McMahon filed a
formal motion to withdraw his appearance with this Court and also notified
Golden of his intent to withdraw. Ford, supra (before attorney is permitted
to withdraw trial court must be served notice of intention to withdraw). See
Commonwealth v. Worthy, 446 A.2d 1327 (Pa. Super. 1982);
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Commonwealth v. Liska, 380 A.2d 1303 (Pa. Super. 1977). McMahon was
granted leave to withdraw as counsel of record, Pa.R.A.P. 120(B)(1), but
only after he ensured Golden’s appellate rights were preserved.
First, and foremost, we note that in accordance with Golden’s express
wishes, counsel preserved Golden’s appeal rights by filing a timely notice of
appeal on his behalf. Compare Keys, supra (where counsel did not seek
allowance by court to formally withdraw prior to expiration of appeal period
and where appellant’s pro se attempt to perfect direct appeal resulted in
quashal of appeal, procedural default resulted in appellant’s appeal rights to
be reinstated) with Sweeney, supra (court noted that counsel’s
preparation of notice of appeal for defendant minimized any prejudice
resulting from his subsequent withdrawal). See Pa.R.P.C. 1.16 (lawyer may
withdraw from representing client if withdrawal can be accomplished without
material adverse effect on interests of client).
Moreover, on December 11, 2009, the trial court held a hearing on the
issue as to whether Golden was entitled to court-appointed counsel. At the
hearing, Golden testified that his family had helped him pay counsel’s fees.
N.T. Hearing, 12/11/09, at 9. However, Golden testified that neither he nor
his family had money for a lawyer to represent him on appeal from his
probation violation sentence. Id. at 8.
Instantly, we conclude that the trial court’s decision is supported in the
record. Where financial concerns legitimately forced privately-retained trial
counsel to withdraw, see Sweeney, supra, and where counsel protected
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Golden’s appellate rights and informed him in advance of his intent to
withdraw, we do not find the court’s order granting counsel’s motion to
withdraw was an abuse of discretion. Ford, supra; Commonwealth v.
Scheps, 523 A.2d 363 (Pa. Super 1987). Having determined that counsel
did not abandon Golden on appeal, the underlying claim of ineffectiveness is
meritless. Spotz, supra. Accordingly, the court properly denied Golden’s
petition without a hearing. Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(2).
Order affirmed.7
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 1/20/2016
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7
We also note that Golden’s October 17, 2009 motion asking the court to
appoint an attorney to represent him on appeal due to counsel’s withdrawal
could be construed as an implicit discharge of Attorney McMahon from
further representation. See Sweeney, supra at 479 (where defendant
could no longer afford privately retained counsel for appeal and where
defendant requested the trial court appoint him appellate counsel knowing
that counsel was aware that defendant’s family could no longer retain
counsel, such actions amounted to an implied acquiescence of counsel’s
withdrawal).
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