Com. v. Griffith, M. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
MARK ANDREW GRIFFITH :
:
Appellant : No. 115 MDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 15, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-67-CR-0000642-2020
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., BENDER, P.J.E., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED JANUARY 18, 2023
Appellant Mark Andrew Griffith appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed following the revocation of his probation. Appellant’s counsel
(Counsel) has filed a petition to withdraw and an Anders/Santiago1 brief.
After review, we deny Counsel’s petition to withdraw, vacate the judgment of
sentence, and remand for resentencing.
The record reveals that on September 30, 2020, Appellant pled guilty to
a tier three, third offense of driving under the influence2 (DUI), which was
graded as a felony of the third degree. See N.T., 9/30/20, at 1. That same
date, the trial court sentenced Appellant to a period of five years’ probation,
with twelve months on house arrest (initial sentence). See id. at 7-8. The
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1Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); Commonwealth v. Santiago,
978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
2 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(d)(2).
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trial court gave Appellant credit for the time he spent on house arrest and in
an inpatient rehabilitation center prior to his plea. See id. at 8-9. Specifically,
the trial court afforded Appellant credit toward the initial sentence for the time
Appellant spent on house arrest from January 4, 2020, through August 4,
2020, and from September 14, 2020, through September 30, 2020. See id.
at 8-9. The trial court also credited Appellant with the time spent in an
inpatient rehabilitation program from August 4, 2020, through August 30,
2020. See id. The trial court awarded a total of 257 days of time credit
towards the initial sentence. Additionally, the trial court ordered that
Appellant must successfully complete DUI wellness court as a specific
condition of probation. See id. at 7-10.
On November 17, 2021, Appellant was discharged from the DUI wellness
court for failing to comply with the treatment program. Order, 11/17/21; see
also N.T., 12/15/21, at 2-3. Because successful completion of the DUI
wellness court program was a specific condition of his probation, Appellant
stipulated that his discharge from the DUI wellness court program was a
probation violation, and the trial court revoked Appellant’s probation. See
N.T., 12/15/21, at 2-3. The trial court then sentenced Appellant to a term of
twenty-one to forty-two months of incarceration (revocation sentence). See
id. at 10. The trial court provided Appellant with eighty-four days of credit
toward the revocation sentence which included the time Appellant spent
incarcerated from October 8, 2021, through December 15, 2021, and the time
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between July 20, 2021, and August 3, 2021, when Appellant was incarcerated
as a sanction pursuant to the DUI wellness court program. See id. at 5, 10.
After the trial court imposed the revocation sentence, Appellant filed a
timely appeal, and the trial court directed Appellant to file a concise statement
of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). In lieu of
Rule 1925(b) statement, Counsel filed a notice of intent to file an
Anders/Santiago brief pursuant to Rule 1925(c)(4). Statement, 2/10/22.
On May 4, 2022, the trial court filed a statement in lieu of a Rule 1925(a)
opinion noting that it would not file an opinion in this matter.
Counsel’s Anders/Santiago brief identifies two potential issues
1. Whether [Appellant] properly received credit for time spent
incarcerated prior to his sentencing?
2. Whether the trial court erred in finding [Appellant] in violation
of his probation under Commonwealth v. Koger[, 255 A.3d
1285 (Pa. Super. 2021)]?
Anders/Santiago Brief at 4 (formatting altered).
“When faced with a purported Anders brief, this Court may not review
the merits of any possible underlying issues without first examining counsel’s
request to withdraw.” Commonwealth v. Wimbush, 951 A.2d 379, 382 (Pa.
Super. 2008) (citation omitted). Counsel must comply with the technical
requirements for petitioning to withdraw by (1) filing a petition for leave to
withdraw stating that after making a conscientious examination of the record,
counsel has determined that the appeal would be frivolous; (2) providing a
copy of the brief to the appellant; and (3) advising the appellant that he has
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the right to retain private counsel, proceed pro se, or raise additional
arguments that the appellant considers worthy of the court’s attention. See
Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 290 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en
banc).
Additionally, counsel must file a brief that meets the requirements
established by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Santiago, namely:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth
counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state
counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion
that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
“Once counsel has satisfied the above requirements, it is then this
Court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial court’s proceedings and
render an independent judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact, wholly
frivolous.” Goodwin, 928 A.2d at 291 (citation omitted). This includes “an
independent review of the record to discern if there are any additional, non-
frivolous issues overlooked by counsel.” Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113
A.3d 1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation and footnote omitted).
Here, Counsel has complied with the procedural requirements for
seeking withdrawal by filing a petition to withdraw, sending Appellant a letter
explaining his appellate rights, and supplying Appellant with a copy of the
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Anders/Santiago brief.3 See Goodwin, 928 A.2d at 290. Moreover,
Counsel’s Anders/Santiago brief complies with the requirements of
Santiago. Specifically, Counsel includes a summary of the relevant factual
and procedural history, refers to portions of the record that could arguably
support Appellant’s claim, and sets forth the conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous. See Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Accordingly, we conclude that
Counsel has satisfied the technical requirements of Anders and Santiago,
and we will proceed to address the issue raised in Counsel’s Anders/Santiago
brief.
In the Anders/Santiago brief, Counsel first identifies a claim that the
trial court failed to properly award credit for time served. Specifically, that in
addition to the eighty-four days of credit the trial court awarded toward the
revocation sentence, the trial court should have also awarded credit for the
257 days of time credit that the trial court had previously credited toward the
initial sentence. Anders/Santiago Brief at 10-11. After review, we conclude
that this issue is frivolous and agree with Counsel’s assessment that applying
257 days of time credit toward both the initial sentence and the revocation
sentence would award Appellant with “double credit.” Id. at 8-9.
Claims challenging the failure to award credit for time served implicate
the legality of the sentence. Commonwealth v. Saunders, 226 A.3d 1019,
1021 (Pa. Super. 2020). “Issues relating to the legality of a sentence are
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3 Appellant did not file a response to Counsel’s petition to withdraw.
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questions of law. . . . Our standard of review over such questions is de novo
and the scope of review is plenary.” Id. (citations omitted). Moreover, when
reviewing an appeal from the judgment of sentence imposed following the
revocation of probation “[o]ur review is limited to determining the validity of
the probation revocation proceedings and the authority of the sentencing court
to consider the same sentencing alternatives that it had at the time of the
initial sentencing.” Commonwealth v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa. Super.
2000) (citations omitted). Where the trial court imposes sentence after the
revocation of probation, it is limited only by the maximum sentence that it
could have imposed at the time of the original sentence. Id.The Sentencing Code4 addresses credit for time served, in relevant part,
as follows:
Credit against the maximum term and any minimum term shall be
given to the defendant for all time spent in custody as a result of
the criminal charge for which a prison sentence is imposed or as
a result of the conduct on which such a charge is based. Credit
shall include credit for time spent in custody prior to trial, during
trial, pending sentence, and pending the resolution of an appeal.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9760(1).
However, when a probationer receives credit for time served on his
initial sentence, he is not entitled to have that same time-credit applied to a
sentence imposed following revocation of probation unless the revocation
sentence would exceed the statutory maximum. See Commonwealth v.
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4 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9701-9799.75.
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Yakell, 876 A.2d 1040, 1042-43 (Pa. Super. 2005) (stating that “when the
total sentence for the probation violation, added to the initial sentence, is less
than the statutory maximum, there is no requirement to give any credit for
any of the time served on the original sentence.”); see also Commonwealth
v. Bowser, 783 A.2d 348, 350 (Pa. Super. 2001) (explaining that a defendant
is not entitled to have credit for time served applied to both the initial sentence
and the revocation sentence as long as the combined sentences do not exceed
the statutory maximum).
Here, Appellant’s DUI charge was graded as a felony of the third degree.
See N.T., 9/30/20, at 1; see also N.T., 12/15/21, at 2. The record reflects
that Appellant had already received credit toward his initial sentence for the
257 days that he served on house arrest and inpatient treatment prior to the
initial sentencing. See N.T., 9/30/20, at 8-9. The total incarceration portion
of Appellant’s revocation sentence when added to his initial sentence did not
exceed the statutory maximum of seven years for a felony of the third
degree,5 and because the trial court had already afforded Appellant credit for
these 257 days toward his initial sentence, there was no error in the court
declining to award that same 257 days of credit toward his revocation
sentence. See Yakell, 876 A.2d at 1042 (stating “the maximum sentence for
the probation violation when added to the original incarceration cannot exceed
the statutory maximum sentence for the underlying crime.”); see also
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5 See 18 Pa.C.S. § 1103(3).
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Bowser, 783 A.2d at 350. Accordingly, Appellant received credit for time
served. See Saunders, 226 A.3d at 1021.6 After review, we agree with
Counsel’s conclusion that this issue is frivolous. See Goodwin, 928 A.2d at
291.
In the second issue Counsel identified in the Anders/Santiago brief,
he contends that the trial court erred in finding Appellant in violation of his
probation pursuant to Koger. Anders/Santiago Brief at 11-12. After review,
we agree with Counsel’s assessment that the issue is frivolous.
The Koger Court held that a trial “court may find a [probationer] in
violation of probation only if the [probationer] has violated one of the specific
conditions of probation . . . included in the probation order or has committed
a new crime.” See Koger, 255 A.3d at 1290. However, a probationer cannot
be found in violation of the conditions of his probation if the conditions are not
properly communicated to the probationer by the trial court. See id. at 1287
(“[B]ecause the court did not advise [the probationer] of the conditions of his
probation and parole at the time of the initial sentencing, the court could not
have found he violated these conditions.”).
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6 Although Appellant was entitled to have the time that he spent incarcerated
credited toward either his initial sentence or the revocation sentence pursuant
to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9760(1), the trial court was not obligated to award Appellant
credit for the time spent on house arrest. See Commonwealth v. Kyle, 874
A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 2005) (holding that “criminal defendants are not entitled to
credit against a sentence of imprisonment for time spent subject to home
monitoring programs.”); see also Commonwealth v. Dixon, 161 A.3d 949,
952 (Pa. Super. 2017) (explaining that time spent on home confinement with
electronic monitoring is not counted as time-served as it is not time spent in
custody pursuant to Section 9760(1); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9760(1).
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Here, the record reflects that successful completion of the DUI wellness
court program was a specific condition of Appellant’s probation and that
Appellant was advised of this condition at the time of his initial sentencing.
See N.T. 9/30/20, at 2, 7, 10-11. Moreover, it is undisputed that Appellant
was aware of the condition and violated his probation by failing to successfully
complete the DUI wellness court program. See Order 11/17/21 (removing
Appellant from the DUI court wellness program); see also N.T., 12/15/21, at
2 (illustrating that Appellant’s plea counsel stipulated that Appellant violated
his probation because Appellant failed to successfully complete the DUI
wellness court program).
On this record, we conclude that the trial court advised Appellant that
successful completion of the DUI wellness court program was a condition of
his probation, Appellant violated this condition by failing to complete the
program, and plea counsel stipulated to this violation at the probation
revocation hearing. Accordingly, we agree with Counsel’s conclusion that
Appellant’s Koger claim is frivolous.
For these reasons, we conclude that the issues identified in the
Anders/Santiago brief are frivolous. However, our independent review has
uncovered an additional issue implicating the legality of Appellant’s revocation
sentence. See Flowers, 113 A.3d at 1250.
It is well settled that this Court may address an illegal sentence sua
sponte and that an illegal sentence must be vacated. Commonwealth v.
Derrickson, 242 A.3d 667, 673 (Pa. Super. 2020). “Because the legality of
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a sentence presents a pure question of a law, our scope of review is plenary,
and our standard of review is de novo.” Id. (citation omitted).
As noted above, Appellant was convicted of 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(d)(2),
and following the revocation of probation, the trial court imposed a sentence
of twenty-one to forty-two months of incarceration. See N.T., 12/15/21, at
10. We note that 75 Pa.C.S. § 3804(d) provides:
(d) Extended supervision of court.--If a person is sentenced
pursuant to this chapter and, after the initial assessment required
by section 3814(1), the person is determined to be in need of
additional treatment pursuant to section 3814(2), the judge shall
impose a minimum sentence as provided by law and a maximum
sentence equal to the statutorily available maximum. A sentence
to the statutorily available maximum imposed pursuant to this
subsection may, in the discretion of the sentencing court, be
ordered to be served in a county prison, notwithstanding the
provisions of 42 Pa.C.S. § 9762 (relating to sentencing
proceeding; place of confinement).
75 Pa.C.S. § 3804(d). Here, our review of the record reveals that when
Appellant was evaluated for treatment pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S. § 3814, the
evaluation recommended “High Intensity Residential Services.” Assessment,
6/4/20.
Accordingly, after revoking Appellant’s initial sentence, because the trial
court imposed a sentence of total confinement with a minimum and maximum
sentence, pursuant to Sections 3804(d) and 3814, the trial court was required
to impose a minimum and maximum sentence equal to the statutory
maximum. See 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 3804(d); 3814. As stated previously,
Appellant’s offense was graded as a felony of the third degree which allows
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for a maximum sentence of seven years. See 18 Pa.C.S. § 1103(3).
However, because the trial court imposed a revocation sentence of total
confinement with a minimum and maximum term of only twenty-one to forty-
two months, the revocation sentence is less than the statutory maximum, and
the sentence is illegal. Cf. Commonwealth v. Popielarcheck, 190 A.3d
1137, 1145 (Pa. 2018). On this record, we are constrained to vacate
Appellant’s revocation sentence and remand for resentencing in conformance
with Section 3804(d).
Moreover, although we conclude that Counsel complied with
Anders/Santiago and identified issues that could arguably support an
appeal, and while we are cognizant that this legality of sentencing issue is not
in Appellant’s favor,7 because we vacate the revocation sentence and remand
for resentencing, we must deny Counsel’s petition to withdraw as Appellant is
entitled to counsel during resentencing. See Commonwealth v. Johnson,
158 A.3d 117, 122 (Pa. Super. 2017) (explaining that a criminal defendant
has a right to counsel at all critical stages of criminal proceedings, and
sentencing is a critical stage).
For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Counsel complied with
the requirements of Anders/Santiago. However, because the revocation
sentence is illegal pursuant to Section 3804(d) as it does not provide a
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7 See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Williams, 2021 WL 1924152, at *3 (Pa.
Super. 2021) (noting that in the Anders/Santiago context, counsel is not to
argue against his or her client).
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maximum term of supervision or probationary tail equal to statutory
maximum, we deny Counsel’s petition to withdraw, vacate the revocation
sentence, and remand for resentencing consistent with this memorandum.
Counsel’s petition to withdraw denied. Judgment of sentence vacated.
Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 01/18/2023
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