Miller, C. v. Johnson Harris, J. ( 2018 )

J-S44016-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
CAROLYN MILLER : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOANNA JOHNSON HARRIS, JAMES :
HARRIS AND ARB INTERNATIONAL, :
INC. D/B/A G.S.J. PROPERTIES, INC. : No. 854 EDA 2018
:
Appellants :
Appeal from the Order Entered February 23, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at
No(s): 170202602
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED AUGUST 06, 2018
Joanna Johnson Harris, James Harris, and ARB International, Inc. d/b/a
G.S.J. Properties, Inc.1 (Appellants) appeal from the order denying their
petition to strike and/or open the default judgment entered in favor of Carolyn
Miller (Miller). We affirm.
On February 8, 2017, Miller filed a praecipe to issue writ of summons
against Appellants. On May 17, 2017, Miller filed a complaint against
Appellants, raising one claim each of breach of contract and violation of the
Pennsylvania Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law. Miller’s
claims arose from allegedly faulty home repair work performed by Appellants.
____________________________________________
1For ease of discussion, we refer to ARB International, Inc. as “ARB,” and
G.S.J. Properties, Inc. as “G.S.J.”
J-S44016-18
The complaint identified “ARB, doing business as G.S.J.,” as a defendant.
Appellants did not file an answer to the complaint or preliminary
objections. On June 16, 2017, Miller served Appellants with a “notice of
praecipe to enter default judgment,” and on September 1, 2017, served
Appellants with a “praecipe to enter default judgment and assessment of
damages.” On September 7, 2017, Miller filed a praecipe to enter default
judgment, and that same day, default judgment was entered in Miller’s favor
in the amount of $49,578.32.
Three months later, on December 11, 2017, Appellants’ attorney
entered his appearance, and on the following day, filed a petition to strike
and/or open default judgment. Appellants averred, inter alia, that: (1) Miller
failed to join G.S.J. — a distinct entity from ARB — as an indispensable party
and thus the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over this case; (2)
there was no basis in the complaint to pierce the corporate veil to enter
judgment against Joanna Johnson Harris and James Harris; and (3) the
verification in the complaint was defective.2
The trial court held a hearing on February 21, 2018, at which Miller, her
attorney, and Appellants’ attorney appeared.3 Although Appellants argued
that a petition to strike a default judgment challenges “a fatal defect on the
____________________________________________
2Appellants also averred that the complaint was not properly served on them,
but they do not raise this issue on appeal.
3 Appellants themselves did not attend the hearing. See N.T., 2/21/18, at 12.
-2-
J-S44016-18
face of the complaint,” the trial court responded that such a petition properly
goes to the service of process. N.T., 2/21/18, at 5. On February 23, 2018,
the court dismissed Appellants’ petition with prejudice. Pertinent to this
appeal, the trial court reached the merits of Appellants’ “indispensable party”
claim, finding that G.S.J. was not an indispensable party.
Appellants timely appealed. The trial court did not order Appellants to
comply with Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), but nonetheless issued an opinion on April 26,
2018. Appellants present the following five issues, which we have reordered
as follows:
1. Did the Lower Court err as a matter of law when it determined
that a corporation could “do business as” a limited liability
company (LLC) and the contract in question was solely between
[Miller] and the LLC and [Miller] failed to join the LLC, an
indispensable party, which deprived the Court of subject [m]atter
jurisdiction?
2. Did the Lower Court err as a matter of law in failing to strike a
default judgment where a fatal defect appears on the face of the
Complaint in that [Miller] failed to join the LLC, an indispensable
party, which deprived the Court of subject [m]atter jurisdiction?
3. Did the Lower Court err as a matter of law in failing to strike a
default judgment where a fatal defect appears on the face of the
Complaint in that there is no basis in the Complaint to pierce the
corporate veil to enter judgments against Joanna Johnson Harris
and James Harris?
4. Did the Lower Court err as a matter of law in failing to strike a
default judgment where a fatal defect appears on the face of the
Complaint in that there is no basis in the Complaint to allow
counsel an attorney’s fee [award] of $8,000 in the default
judgment?
5. Did the Lower Court err as a matter of law in failing to strike a
default judgment where a fatal defect appears on the face of the
-3-
J-S44016-18
Complaint in that the Verification to the Complaint is defective?
Appellants’ Brief at 5-6.
An appeal concerning a petition to strike a default judgment presents us
with question of law, and thus our standard of review is de novo and our scope
of review is plenary. Green Acres Rehab. & Nursing Ctr. v. Sullivan, 113
A.3d 1261, 1267 (Pa. Super. 2015) (Green Acres).
A petition to strike a judgment is a common law proceeding
which operates as a demurrer to the record. A petition to strike a
judgment may be granted only for a fatal defect or irregularity
appearing on the face of the record. [A] petition to strike is not a
chance to review the merits of the allegations of a complaint.
Rather, a petition to strike is aimed at defects that affect the
validity of the judgment and that entitle the petitioner, as a matter
of law, to relief.
Id. (quotation marks and citations omitted).
All of Appellants’ issues challenging the trial court’s denial of their
petition to strike default judgment are based on alleged fatal defects on the
face of the complaint. In considering petitions to strike default judgments,
Pennsylvania courts have generally found a defect on the face of the record
where there has been improper service of process or defective notice under
Pa.R.Civ.P. 237.1.4 See PennWest Farm Credit, ACA v. Hare, 600 A.2d
213, 215-216 (Pa. Super. 1991) (“Generally, if the record affirmatively shows
____________________________________________
4 See Pa.R.Civ.P. 237.1(a)(2) (no default judgment shall be entered unless
the praecipe for entry includes a certification that a written notice of intention
to file the praecipe was mailed or delivered at least 10 days prior to the date
of the praecipe).
-4-
J-S44016-18
a failure to comply with Pa.R.C.P. 237.1, the record is defective and will not
support the entry of a default judgment.”). See also Oswald v. WB Pub.
Square Assocs., LLC, 80 A.3d 790, 796 (Pa. Super. 2013) (plaintiff’s failure
to utilize proper language in Pa.R.C.P. 237.1 notice is a fatal defect on the
face of the record that cannot support default judgment); Mother’s
Restaurant Inc. v. Krystkiewicz, 861 A.2d 327, 338 (Pa. Super. 2004)
(default judgment was not proper where plaintiff failed to include notice to
defend with complaint); Erie Ins. Co. v. Bullard, 839 A.2d 383, 388 (Pa.
Super. 2003) (while plaintiff served notice of intent to enter praecipe for
default judgment on defendant, plaintiff failed to serve defendant’s attorney,
and thus default judgment should have been stricken).
We further recognize that a petition to strike a default judgment and a
petition to open a default judgment “are two distinct remedies, which are
generally not interchangeable.” Williams v. Wade, 704 A.2d 132, 134 (Pa.
1997) (citation omitted).
Generally speaking, a default judgment may be opened if the
moving party has (1) promptly filed a petition to open the default
judgment, (2) provided a reasonable excuse or explanation for
failing to file a responsive pleading, and (3) pleaded a meritorious
defense to the allegations contained in the complaint.
Myers v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 986 A.2d 171, 175-176 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(emphasis added). In Green Acres, the plaintiff filed suit against an
individual and his daughter, and default judgment was subsequently entered
against the daughter. Green Acres, 113 A.3d at 1265. Six years later, the
-5-
J-S44016-18
daughter filed a petition to strike the default judgment, arguing that the
judgment was improperly entered against her individually, rather than in her
capacity as power of attorney for her father. Id. at 1266. The trial court
rejected this claim. Id. On appeal, this Court affirmed, reasoning:
To the extent [the daughter] argues she cannot be held personally
liable based on the specific allegations in [the] complaint, this
claim is an inappropriate ground to strike a default judgment
because it goes to the merits or allegations in the complaint and
does not involve a fatal defect or irregularity on the face of the
record. [The daughter] should have raised this defense, if at all,
in a petition to open the judgment, which is a distinct remedy
[she] failed to seek. Therefore, the trial court properly declined
to strike the default judgment on this ground.
Id. at 1271 (emphasis added).
In support of their first issue, Appellants maintain that the trial court
erred in finding that G.S.J. was not an indispensable party because: (1)
contrary to the designation in Miller’s complaint that ARB is “doing business
as G.S.J.,” G.S.J. and ARB are in fact two separate entities; (2) it was G.S.J.
who executed the contract with Miller; and (3) Miller has not sued G.S.J.
Appellants further reason that Miller’s failure to join G.S.J. as an indispensable
party was a fatal defect on the face of the complaint, and deprived the trial
court of subject matter jurisdiction. Appellants allege that the default
judgment is therefore void ab initio. They also contend that because
Pa.R.Civ.P. 1032 provides that the defense of “failure to join an indispensable
-6-
J-S44016-18
party” may be raised any time,5 they properly raised it in their petition to open
or strike a default judgment, regardless of whether the petition was timely.
Appellants’ Brief at 20-21. Appellants reiterate these arguments in their
second issue in which they assert that Miller’s failure to join an indispensable
party was a fatal defect on the face of the complaint and deprived the trial
court of subject matter jurisdiction. Id. at 62-63.
Appellants attempt to establish a defect on the face of the record — as
required for a petition to strike a default judgment — by arguing there is a
defect on the face of the complaint, which they aver was Miller’s failure to sue
an indispensable party, G.S.J. As Appellants acknowledge, however, a claim
that a plaintiff failed to join an indispensable party is a defense, see
Appellants’ Brief at 20-21, citing Pa.R.Civ.P. 1032, which does not go to any
alleged defect in service or notice. See Oswald, 80 A.3d at 796; Mother’s
Restaurant Inc. v. Krystkiewicz, 861 A.2d at 338; Erie Ins. Co., 839 A.2d
at 388; PennWest Farm Credit, ACA, 600 A.2d at 215-216. Further, the
issue of whether it was ARB or G.S.J. who executed the contract with Miller
presents a question of fact, and would not entitle Appellants, “as a matter of
law, to relief.” See Green Acres, 113 A.3d at 1267. Accordingly, Appellants’
first two issues do not merit relief.
____________________________________________
5The Rule states: “A party waives all defenses and objections which are not
presented either by preliminary objection, answer or reply, except . . . the
defense of failure to join an indispensable party . . . .” Pa.R.Civ.P. 1032(a).
-7-
J-S44016-18
In their third issue, Appellants argue that Miller’s complaint did not show
that either James Harris or Joanna Johnson Harris were parties to the contract,
and did not show any basis to pierce the corporate veil to enter judgment
against them individually. Appellants’ Brief at 45-46. In their fourth issue,
Appellants aver that there was an additional defect “on the face of the
complaint,” being the lack of a basis for attorneys’ fees of $8,000. Id. at 53.
In support, Appellants maintain that the contract was silent with regard to
attorneys’ fees and there was no verification or detail regarding attorneys’
fees incurred by Miller.
Significantly, neither of these claims relate to any “fatal defect or
irregularity appearing on the face of the record . . . that affect[s] the validity
of the judgment” or entitles them to relief as a matter of law. See Green
Acres, 113 A.3d at 1267. Appellants, therefore, are not entitled to relief on
their third and fourth issues.
In their final issue, Appellants argue that Miller’s verification of the
complaint was defective pursuant to Pa.R.Civ.P. 1024. See Pa.R.Civ.P.
1024(a) (“Every pleading containing an averment of fact not appearing of
record . . . or containing a denial of fact shall state that the averment or denial
is true upon the signer’s personal knowledge or information and belief and
shall be verified.”). We first set forth the pertinent paragraphs of Miller’s
verification:
2. I verify that the statements made in the foregoing
Discovery Responses are true and correct to the best of my
-8-
J-S44016-18
knowledge, information and belief; and
3. I understand that the statements in said Answer are
subject to the penalties of 18 Pa.C.S. § 4904 relating to unsworn
falsification to authorities.
[Miller’s signature]
Complaint, 5/17/17 (emphasis added). Appellants maintain that Miller failed
to verify that the statements in her complaint were true, and further assert
that “[t]he complaint is devoid of any indication of what paragraphs are based
on Miller’s personal knowledge and what paragraphs are based on counsel’s
supposed ‘investigation.’” Appellants’ Brief at 59-60.
This Court has held that the “lack of proper verification to a petition does
not affect the jurisdiction of the court in which the petition is filed.” George
H. Althof, Inc. v. Spartan Inns of Am., 441 A.2d 1236, 1238 n.3 (Pa.
Super. 1982). Also:
The effect of timeliness on petitions to strike default judgment
depends entirely upon the validity of the underlying judgment: If
the judgment was found to be void . . . timeliness would not be a
factor and the petition to strike would be granted. If the judgment
was found to be voidable, timeliness would be a factor and the
petition would be granted only if it was filed within a reasonable
time. . . . The general rule is that if a judgment is sought to be
stricken for an irregularity, not jurisdictional in nature, which
merely renders the judgment voidable, the application to strike
off must be made within a reasonable time. Conversely,
judgments which are void ab initio are those which the
prothonotary was without authority to enter in the first place.
Such judgments are not voidable, but are legal nullities.
Oswald, 80 A.3d at 797 (quotation marks omitted).
Here, Miller’s verification incorrectly referred to “foregoing discovery
-9-
J-S44016-18
responses” and an “answer.” Nevertheless, the trial court found that these
misstatements amounted to a “mere irregularity,” which did not affect the
court’s jurisdiction over the parties or subject matter. Trial Court Opinion,
4/26/18, at 5, citing George H. Althof, Inc., 441 A.2d at 1238 n.3. The
court thus reasoned that the default judgment was, at most, voidable, and it
could grant or deny Appellants’ petition to strike depending on the petition’s
timeliness. Trial Court Opinion, 4/26/18, at 5, citing Oswald, 80 A.3d at
797. The court found that Appellants’ filing of their petition three months after
receiving notice of the entry of default judgment was not timely, and
accordingly held that Appellants waived this issue. Appellants concede that
“a defective [v]erification is not jurisdictional,” but maintain that Miller’s
defective verification was a fatal defect on the face of the complaint.
Appellants’ Brief at 61. This claim does not go to any fatal defect on the face
of the record that would entitle them to relief as a matter of law.
Consequently, the trial court did not err in denying relief on this issue.
In sum, the trial court concluded:
If [Appellants] were unsure about what to do after receiving any
of the pleadings and notices, then [Appellants] certainly could
have made efforts to contact [Miller’s] counsel or the Court during
the nearly four month period between service of the Complaint
and default judgment being entered. [Appellants] took no such
action. As such, [Appellants] failed to prove that they have a
reasonable excuse for their failure to file a timely responsive
pleading.
Trial Court Opinion, at 11-12 (footnote omitted).
Our review of the record is consistent with the trial court’s
- 10 -
J-S44016-18
determination. Thus, we discern no basis for disturbing the trial court’s denial
of Appellants’ petition to open or strike the default judgment.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/6/18
- 11 -