Com. v. Robinson, C. ( 2023 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
COMESE ROBINSON, SR. :
:
Appellant : No. 911 EDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 17, 2021
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at CP-46-CR-0005215-2018
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and MURRAY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED FEBRAURY 22, 2023
Comese Robinson, Sr. (Appellant), appeals from the judgment of
sentence imposed following his open guilty plea to five counts of possession
with intent to deliver a controlled substance (PWID),1 and one count each of
corrupt organizations and conspiracy.2 Additionally, Appellant’s counsel
(Counsel) has filed a petition to withdraw from representation and a brief
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). Upon review, we
grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s judgment of
sentence.
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1 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30).
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 911(b)(4) and 903.
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On November 29, 2018, Appellant entered an open guilty plea to the
above charges. He waived his right to be sentenced within 90 days. 3 On
November 17, 2021, following completion of a pre-sentence investigation
report (PSI), the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate standard-
range sentence of 7½ - 15 years in prison (comprised of concurrent and
consecutive sentences). See Trial Court Opinion, 8/3/22, at 2-4 (explaining
sentence). Appellant filed a post-sentence motion, which the trial court
denied. This timely appeal followed.4
On November 14, 2022, Counsel filed a petition to withdraw and
Anders brief in this Court, asserting that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous and
requesting permission to withdraw from representation. Appellant did not file
a response.5
We first address Counsel’s application to withdraw. See
Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 593 (Pa. Super. 2010) (“When
presented with an Anders brief, this Court may not review the merits of the
underlying issues without first passing on the request to withdraw.”). Before
being permitted to withdraw pursuant to Anders, counsel must satisfy certain
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3 Sentencing was delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and
Appellant’s involvement in unrelated criminal proceedings.
4 Appellant and the trial court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
5 By correspondence “in lieu of a formal brief,” the Commonwealth has advised
it “is in agreement” with Counsel’s Anders brief, as “there is no basis in either
law or fact to support [A]ppellant’s appeal.” 11/15/22.
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procedural and substantive requirements. Commonwealth v. Tejada, 176
A.3d 355, 358 (Pa. Super. 2017). Procedurally, counsel must:
(1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined that the appeal would be frivolous; (2) furnish a copy
of the [Anders] brief to the defendant; and (3) advise the
defendant that he or she has the right to retain private counsel or
raise additional arguments that the defendant deems worthy of
the court’s attention.
Id. at 359. Substantively, counsel must file an Anders brief, in which
counsel:
(1) provide[s] a summary of the procedural history and facts, with
citations to the record; (2) refer[s] to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set[s] forth
counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state[s]
counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous.
Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling
case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion
that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
Counsel has complied with Anders’ procedural and substantive
requirements. Counsel states in her petition to withdraw that she found
Appellant’s issues to be “wholly frivolous” after conducting a thorough review
of the record. Petition to Withdraw as Counsel for Appellant, 11/14/22, at 3
(unnumbered). Counsel has attached to her petition a copy of the letter she
sent to Appellant advising him he could retain private counsel or proceed pro
se. Id. at Ex. A; see also Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 752
(Pa. Super. 2005). Counsel also provided Appellant with a copy of the Anders
brief which summarizes the facts and procedural history, includes issues that
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could arguably support Appellant’s appeal, and explains Counsel’s assessment
of why the issues are frivolous. Accordingly, we review the issues presented
in the Anders brief. We also conduct an independent review of the record to
determine whether Appellant’s appeal is in fact wholly frivolous. See
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 358; see also Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187
A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc) (“part and parcel of Anders is our
Court’s duty to review the record to insure no issues of arguable merit have
been missed or misstated.”).
In the Anders brief, Appellant first challenges the discretionary aspects
of his sentence. There is no absolute right to challenge the discretionary
aspects of a sentence on appeal. See Commonwealth v. Hill, 66 A.3d 359,
363 (Pa. Super. 2013). To reach the merits of Appellant’s issue, we must
determine:
(1) whether the appeal is timely; (2) whether Appellant preserved
his issue; (3) whether Appellant’s brief includes a concise
statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with
respect to the discretionary aspects of sentence; and (4) whether
the concise statement raises a substantial question that the
sentence is appropriate under the sentencing code.
Commonwealth v. Edwards, 71 A.3d 323, 329–30 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(citation omitted).
Appellant has preserved his issues in a post-sentence motion, filed a
timely appeal, and included a Rule Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement in his brief.
See Anders Brief at 15. Therefore, we must determine whether Appellant
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has raised a substantial question, and if so, whether the trial court abused its
sentencing discretion. See Edwards, 71 A.3d at 330.
Appellant contends the trial court erred in sentencing him to a lengthy
sentence “without considering any mitigating circumstances of the Appellant
and only considering the seriousness of the offense.” Anders Brief at 15.
This claim raises a substantial question.6 Commonwealth v. Summers, 245
A.3d 686, 692 (Pa. Super. 2021) (claim that sentence was harsh and
excessive and trial court failed to consider mitigating factors raises substantial
question); Commonwealth v. Macias, 968 A.2d 773, 776 (Pa. Super. 2009)
(claim that trial court only considered seriousness of offense raises substantial
question).
In reviewing a challenge to the discretionary aspects of the sentence,
we recognize:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge, and a sentence will not be disturbed on appeal
absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an abuse
of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment. Rather,
the appellant must establish, by reference to the record, that the
sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law, exercised its
judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will, or
arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.
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6 Appellant also challenges as excessive the imposition of several consecutive
sentences. Anders Brief at 15. However, “the imposition of consecutive
rather than concurrent sentences lies within the sound discretion of the
sentencing court, and a challenge to the imposition of consecutive sentences
simply does not raise a substantial question.” Commonwealth v. Lloyd, 878
A.2d 867, 873 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citations omitted).
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Commonwealth v. Gonzalez, 109 A.3d 711, 731 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation
omitted). Further, where, as here, the trial court sentenced within the
guidelines, we may only vacate the sentence if it is “clearly unreasonable.”
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(c)(2).
Appellant first contends his sentence is excessive because the trial court
did not consider mitigating factors. Anders Brief at 19. Appellant
acknowledges the trial court imposed a sentence within the standard range of
the sentencing guidelines. Id. at 20. This claim lacks merit.
As noted, the trial court had the benefit of a PSI. “Where pre-sentence
reports exist, we shall continue to presume that the sentencing judge was
aware of relevant information regarding the defendant’s character and
weighed those considerations along with mitigating statutory factors.”
Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (Pa. 1988). Further, where a
sentence is within the standard range of the guidelines, Pennsylvania law
views the sentence as appropriate under the Sentencing Code. See
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 171 (Pa. Super. 2010). Upon
review, we cannot conclude that Appellant’s standard-range sentence was
unreasonable.7
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7 Furthermore, the trial court considered Appellant’s difficult life, his
acceptance of responsibility, his participation in the community, his
employment history, and family ties. N.T., 11/17/21, at 41-42.
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Appellant also argues the trial court only focused on the seriousness of
the crimes. Anders Brief at 18. The record indicates otherwise. The trial
court considered the PSI and its addendum, the guidelines, and testimony and
exhibits from both parties. N.T., 11/17/21, at 41-43. Thus, the trial court
was aware of the multiple factors relevant to Appellant when it imposed his
sentence. We agree with Counsel that Appellant’s challenge to the
discretionary aspects of his sentence is frivolous.
Next, Appellant challenges the effectiveness of plea counsel. Anders
Brief at 25-26. This claim is premature. In Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79A.3d 562 (Pa. 2013), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court reaffirmed the rule set
forth in Commonwealth v. Grant, 813 A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002), stating that
“claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are to be deferred to PCRA review;
trial courts should not entertain claims of ineffectiveness upon post-verdict
motions; and such claims should not be reviewed upon direct appeal.”
Holmes, 79 A.3d at 576. Although there are exceptions to the rule, no
exception is applicable here.8 Thus, Appellant’s ineffective assistance of
counsel claim is not before us.
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8
The Holmes Court recognized two exceptions: (1) where the trial court
determines a claim of ineffectiveness is “both meritorious and apparent from
the record so that immediate consideration and relief is warranted[;]” or (2)
where the trial court finds “good cause” for unitary review, and the defendant
makes a “knowing and express waiver of his entitlement to seek PCRA review
from his conviction and sentence, including an express recognition that the
waiver subjects further collateral review to the time and serial petition
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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In his final claim, Appellant challenges the voluntariness of his guilty
plea. Anders Brief at 26-28. This claim is waived.
A defendant wishing to challenge the voluntariness of a guilty plea
on direct appeal must either object during the plea colloquy or file
a motion to withdraw the plea within ten days of sentencing.
Failure to employ either measure results in waiver. Historically,
Pennsylvania courts adhere to this waiver principle because [i]t is
for the court which accepted the plea to consider and correct, in
the first instance, any error which may have been committed.
Commonwealth v. Lincoln, 72 A.3d 606, 609-10 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(citations omitted). We may not review Appellant’s challenge to his guilty plea
because he failed to preserve it by either objecting during the plea colloquy
or filing a post-sentence motion to withdraw the plea. See Pa.R.Crim.P.
720(B)(1)(a)(i) (Post-Sentence Procedures; Appeal).
Finally, our independent review reveals no arguably meritorious issues
Appellant could raise on appeal. See Dempster, 187 A.3d at 272.
Accordingly, we grant Counsel’s petition to withdraw and affirm Appellant’s
judgment of sentence.
Petition to withdraw from representation granted. Judgment of
sentence affirmed.
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restrictions of the PCRA.” Holmes, 79 A.3d at 564, 577 (footnote omitted).
Our Supreme Court adopted a third exception for “claims challenging trial
counsel’s performance where the defendant is statutorily precluded from
obtaining PCRA review.” Commonwealth v. Delgros, 183 A.3d 352, 361
(Pa. 2018) (“[W]here the defendant is ineligible for PCRA review because he
was sentenced only to pay a fine, we agree with Appellant that the reasoning
in Holmes applies with equal force to these circumstances”).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/22/2023
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