Com. v. Farward, A. ( 2017 )

J-S88045-16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
ARTHUR FARWARD, :
:
Appellant : No. 1482 EDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order April 13, 2016
in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0005490-2007
BEFORE: OLSON, RANSOM, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 16, 2017
Arthur Farward (Appellant) pro se appeals from the April 13, 2016
order which dismissed his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief
Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The PCRA Court summarized the facts underlying this case as follows.
On May 11, 2007, [Appellant] was arrested at
approximately 11:00 pm for what is known as operation Trigger
Lock. This operation consisted of joint law enforcement between
the Chester Police and Pennsylvania State Police intending to
lessen the crime of Chester. Chester Police Officer Donald
Jackson and [Corporal] Reilly were in a marked state police
patrol car when they spotted two men engaging in what they
believed was a drug sale in the area of Hayes Street. As the
patrol car approached the two men, the two men separated and
walked away in opposite directions. After [Appellant] discarded
something by a fence, [Corporal] Reilly got out of the car to
follow [Appellant] while Officer Jackson walked over to the fence
to investigate the discarded item. Officer Jackson discovered
that the discarded item was cocaine so he told [Corporal] Reilly
to arrest [Appellant]. [Corporal] Reilly arrested [Appellant] but
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court
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did not arrest [him] until he was told by Officer Jackson that the
discarded item was cocaine.
Once [Appellant] was in custody, [Corporal] Reilly
conducted a pat-down which led to [Corporal] Reilly discovering
additional cocaine on [Appellant’s] person. [Appellant] advised
[Corporal] Reilly that the substance was cocaine before
[Corporal] Reilly took it and confiscated it from [Appellant].
PCRA Court Opinion, 7/20/2016, at 1-2 (citations omitted).
Appellant was arrested and charged with, inter alia, possession with
intent to deliver cocaine (PWID) and possession of drug paraphernalia. On
September 25, 2008, a jury returned a guilty verdict on those charges. On
December 1, 2008, Appellant was sentenced to an aggregate term of five to
ten years of incarceration.1 On January 25, 2011, this Court affirmed
Appellant’s judgment of sentence, and on August 10, 2011, our Supreme
Court denied Appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal. Commonwealth
v. Farward, 23 A.3d 1092 (Pa. Super. 2011), appeal denied, 26 A.3d 1101
(Pa. 2011).2
On May 25, 2012, Appellant pro se timely filed a PCRA petition. On
June 12, 2012, counsel was appointed, and the PCRA court directed counsel
to file an amended PCRA petition. On November 9, 2012, Appellant
1
This sentence was composed of a five to ten year term of incarceration for
PWID and a concurrent term of six to twelve months of incarceration for
possession of drug paraphernalia.
2
During the direct appeal process, Appellant sought to proceed pro se and
was eventually granted leave to do so after a remand for the trial court to
conduct a hearing pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81
(Pa. 1998).
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requested that counsel withdraw his appearance, and the PCRA court
conducted a Grazier hearing on July 11, 2013. The PCRA court permitted
counsel to withdraw, and Appellant was permitted to proceed pro se and file
a supplemental petition.
On September 16, 2013, Appellant filed a supplemental PCRA petition.
On August 24, 2015, the Commonwealth filed an answer to the PCRA
petition and a motion to dismiss. On September 1, 2015, the PCRA court
issued a notice of intent to dismiss pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. Appellant
filed a response, and the PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s petition without a
hearing on April 14, 2016. Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal, and
both Appellant and the PCRA court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant states the following eight questions on appeal verbatim.
[1.] Did ADA commit a Brady[3] violation where he
clearly stated on the record that there was no video evidence?
[2.] Did officer/corporal violate [A]ppellant’s due process
right where he failed to preserve exculpatory evidence?
[3.] Did judge err where he determined that [A]ppellant
was not prejudiced where pre-trial counsel failed to request
video evidence prior to the 60 day time frame of destruction of
video evidence?
[4.] Was pre-trial counsel ineffective where he failed to
subpoena the mobile video recorder custodian to testify to if he
preserved any video evidence from the night in question May 12,
2007?
3
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
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[5.] Was pre-trial counsel ineffective for failure to request
logs to determine if any video evidence was retained or
duplicated from the incident?
[6.] Was pre-trial [counsel] ineffective for failure to acquire
Pennsylvania State Police policy concerning video evidence
Duplication/Retention?
[7.] Did Commonwealth enhance Appellant’s sentence per
statute that has since been deemed unconstitutional?
[8.] Did Commonwealth have PCRA in control when said
statute became unconstitutional and never attempted to correct
illegal sentence?
Appellant’s Brief at 4 (verbatim; unnecessary capitalization omitted). 4
“Our standard of review of a trial court order granting or denying relief
under the PCRA calls upon us to determine ‘whether the determination of the
PCRA court is supported by the evidence of record and is free of legal error.’”
Commonwealth v. Barndt, 74 A.3d 185, 192 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Garcia, 23 A.3d 1059, 1061 (Pa. Super. 2011)).
Appellant’s first six questions concern the preservation of the video
produced by the police vehicle’s dashboard camera. By way of background,
prior to trial, Appellant filed a motion to dismiss the charges on the basis
that the Commonwealth failed to turn over dash cam video related to the
May 11, 2007 incident. According to Appellant, this video would have
proven his theory that the drugs recovered from the area near the fence
4
In violation of Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a), which provides that “[t]he argument shall
be divided into as many parts as there are questions to be argued,”
Appellant’s argument section is divided only into three sections: 1) “Brady
violation Claim;” 2) “Ineffective Assistance of Counsel;” and 3) “Illegal
Sentence.” Appellant’s Brief at 7a, 7b, 7c (verbatim).
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were not his, and thus the amount of drugs recovered on his person would
amount only to simple possession. See N.T., 3/10/2008, at 12-15.
Counsel requested this video by letter dated October 29, 2007.
Counsel for Appellant was told initially that the dash cam video recorder had
never been activated. However, Appellant informed counsel that he believed
the dash cam video was recording during this incident, so counsel filed a
motion to compel, which was granted by the trial court. At that point, the
Commonwealth learned that the tape had not been preserved.5 The trial
court denied Appellant’s motion to dismiss the charges on this basis.
On direct appeal, Appellant argued that his rights were violated
pursuant to Brady.
[Our Supreme] Court has explained that, in order to establish a
Brady violation, a defendant must show that: (1) evidence was
suppressed by the state, either willfully or inadvertently; (2) the
evidence was favorable to the defendant, either because it was
exculpatory or because it could have been used for
impeachment; and (3) the evidence was material, in that its
omission resulted in prejudice to the defendant.
Commonwealth v. Willis, 46 A.3d 648, 656 (Pa. 2012).
5
As mentioned above, this arrest was the product of a joint operation
between the Pennsylvania State Police and the Chester Police. According to
Corporal Reilly of the Pennsylvania State Police, it was his responsibility to
request the video be preserved and he forgot to do so. He testified that
because Chester Police Officer Jackson handled the arrest, he “forgot to fill
out the [mobile video recorder] request.” N.T., 3/10/2008, at 35. Because
he never requested the tape be preserved, the video was placed back into
circulation after 60 days according to the policy. Id. Thus, the video had
been overwritten and was no longer in existence by July 2007.
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This Court held Appellant was not entitled to relief “because the tape
did not exist at the time the discovery request was made in November of
2007. Because the tape was not available to the prosecution, the
Commonwealth could not have produced it.” Farward, 23 A.3d 1092
(unpublished memorandum at 25). Moreover, this Court concluded that
Appellant was not prejudiced because the “result of the proceeding would
[not] have been different.” Id. Thus, this Court denied Appellant relief on
this Brady claim.
Here, Appellant’s first argument essentially challenges the propriety of
this decision. Appellant claims that the trial court abused its discretion in
ruling “that [A]ppellant was not prejudice[d] where [A]ppellant failed to ask
for video evidence within the 60 day window where the evidence was
supposed to be taped over.” Appellant’s Brief at 7a. To the extent Appellant
is challenging the trial court’s conclusion that Appellant’s rights were not
violated pursuant to Brady, the PCRA cannot provide relief to Appellant
because it was previously litigated. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9544(a)(2) (“[A]n
issue has been previously litigated if … the highest appellate court in which
the petitioner could have had review as a matter of right has ruled on the
merits of the issue.”); 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543 (“To be eligible for relief under this
subchapter, the petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of the
evidence all of the following … (3) [t]hat the allegation of error has not been
previously litigated ….”).
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Appellant also argues on appeal that counsel was ineffective in failing
to obtain the dash cam video.6 We consider this issue mindful of the
following.
[I]n order to obtain relief based on [an ineffective
assistance of counsel] claim, a petitioner must
establish: (1) the underlying claim has arguable
merit; (2) no reasonable basis existed for counsel’s
actions or failure to act; and (3) petitioner suffered
prejudice as a result of counsel’s error such that
there is a reasonable probability that the result of
the proceeding would have been different absent
such error.
Trial counsel is presumed to be effective, and a PCRA petitioner
bears the burden of pleading and proving each of the three
factors by a preponderance of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Steckley, 128 A.3d 826, 831 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(internal citations omitted).
Instantly, the Pennsylvania State Police had a policy with respect to
preservation of dash cam video, which Corporal Reilly acknowledged he did
not follow in this case. Counsel for Appellant was entitled to rely on police
following their own policies and procedures. Thus, it was appropriate for
counsel to first request this dash cam video in accordance with the practice
that the formal arraignment is the trigger-date for the filing of discovery
6
“[A] reviewing court must consider and substantively analyze an
ineffectiveness claim as a distinct legal ground for PCRA review because
while an ineffectiveness claim may fail for the same reasons that the
underlying claim faltered on direct review, the Sixth Amendment basis for
ineffectiveness claims technically creates a separate issue for review under
the PCRA.” Commonwealth v. Tedford, 960 A.2d 1, 14 (Pa. 2008)
(internal quotation marks omitted).
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requests.7 However, the dash cam video had already been erased at that
juncture, so counsel could not have done anything to be more effective
under these circumstances. See Commonwealth v. Brown, 872 A.2d 1139
(Pa. 2005) (holding counsel was not ineffective for failing to have handgun
fingerprinted where the detective “testified at trial that the handgun was
supposed to be submitted for fingerprints, but was not because of a mistake
made by the police department;” thus, “trial counsel had nothing to do with
the reason why the gun was not promptly fingerprinted, [so] there is no
arguable merit to the issue of trial counsel’s ineffectiveness in this regard).
Accordingly, there is no arguable merit to Appellant’s position, and he is not
entitled to relief on this basis.
Appellant’s final two issues challenge the legality of his sentence.
Appellant contends he was sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of
incarceration in this case8 in violation of Alleyne v. United States, 133
S. Ct. 2151 (2013),9 and its progeny. Appellant’s Brief at 7c. Here, Appellant
7
Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 570(A)(1) provides that “[a]t any
time after the filing of an information, upon motion, or upon its own motion,
the court may order the attorney for the Commonwealth and the defense
attorney or the pro se defendant to appear before it for a conference … to
consider: (1) the terms and procedures for pretrial discovery and
inspection[.]”
8
Appellant also mentions a different case docketed at “2936-08.” Appellant’s
Brief at 7c. Because this appeal does not involve that case, we will not
address it.
9
“In Alleyne, the United States Supreme Court held [a]ny fact that, by law,
increases the penalty for a crime is an ‘element’ that must be submitted to
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was sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of five years of incarceration
for the PWID conviction pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 7508.
[I]n Commonwealth v. Mosley, 114 A.3d 1072 (Pa. Super.
2015), a direct appeal, this Court has expressly struck down the
mandatory minimum sentencing provision implicated in the
present case, 18 Pa.C.S. § 7508, which increased a sentence
based upon the weight of the drugs, as determined at sentencing
by the court under the preponderance of the evidence burden of
proof.
However, Appellant conflates the concept of illegal
sentences with whether Alleyne can be applied retroactively in
the collateral review context. The [Court in Commonwealth v.
Washington, 142 A.3d 810 (Pa. 2016)] clearly articulated that
the fact that Alleyne may raise a legality-of-sentence issue does
not obviate the need for a retroactivity analysis as to whether
Alleyne can be applied to a collateral attack on a judgment of
sentence. Additionally, our Supreme Court squarely laid to rest
the latter question by ruling that Alleyne is not retroactive
under United States Supreme Court test for ascertaining
retroactivity and by refusing to find Alleyne retroactive on
independent state grounds. It held that “Alleyne does not apply
retroactively to cases pending on collateral review” so that the
appellant’s sentence “is not illegal on account of Alleyne.”
Washington, supra at 820. Thus, Appellant’s sentence is not
illegal under Alleyne because Alleyne is inapplicable in this
collateral proceeding.
Commonwealth v. Ciccone, No. 3114 EDA 2014, 2016 WL 7217269, at *3
(Pa. Super. filed Dec. 13, 2016).
Instantly, Appellant’s judgment of sentence was final prior to the
Supreme Court’s decision in Alleyne. Because Alleyne does not apply
retroactively to cases pending on collateral review, Appellant is not entitled
to relief.
the jury and found beyond a reasonable doubt.” Commonwealth v. Ruiz,
131 A.3d 54, 57 (Pa. Super. 2015).
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Having concluded that Appellant has presented no issue on appeal that
entitles him to relief, we affirm the order of the PCRA court dismissing
Appellant’s petition.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/16/2017
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