Com. v. Gey, R. ( 2019 )

J. S84034/18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
RASHEED GEY A/K/A RASHEED GUY, : No. 3810 EDA 2017
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order, October 19, 2017,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0005679-2012
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., OTT, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED FEBRUARY 11, 2019
Rasheed Gey, a.k.a. Rasheed Guy, appeals pro se from the
October 19, 2017 order entered by the Court of Common Pleas of
Philadelphia County denying his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we
affirm.
The PCRA court provided the following synopsis of the procedural
history of this case:
On August 14, 2013, following a non-jury trial before
[the trial court, appellant] was convicted of murder
of the first degree (18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2502(a)),
carrying a firearm without a license (18 Pa.C.S.[A.]
§ 6106(a)(1)), carrying a firearm on a public street
or property in Philadelphia (18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 6108),
possessing an instrument of crime (18 Pa.C.S.[A.]
§ 907(a), and recklessly endangering another person
(18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2705). [The trial court]
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immediately imposed the mandatory sentence of life
in prison for the murder charge (18 Pa.C.S.[A.]
§ 1102(a)(1)) and imposed no further penalty on the
remaining charges. [Appellant] did not file
post-sentence motions.
On September 5, 2013, Barnaby Wittels, Esquire,
was appointed to represent [appellant] after trial
counsel, Nino Tinari, Esquire, was permitted to
withdraw. On November 4, 2013, Mr. Wittels filed a
petition under the [PCRA] alleging that trial counsel
was ineffective for failing to protect [appellant’s]
appellate rights. On April 14, 2014, [the PCRA
court] entered an order granting [appellant’s] PCRA
petition and reinstated [appellant’s] right to file a
direct appeal. [Appellant] subsequently filed an
appeal on April 15, 2014. On April 20, 2015, the
Superior Court affirmed [appellant’s] judgment of
sentence.[1] The Supreme Court [of Pennsylvania]
denied allocatur on [December 16], 2015.[2]
[Appellant] then filed a pro se PCRA petition on
March 9, 2016. David S. Rudenstein, Esquire[,] was
appointed to represent [appellant] on January 6,
2017. Shortly after, on February 16, 2017,
[appellant] filed a pro se supplemental PCRA
petition. On July 25, 2017, pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213
(Pa.Super. 1988) [(en banc)3], Mr. Rudenstein filed
a letter stating there was no merit to [appellant’s]
claims for collateral relief (“Finley letter”).
[Appellant] submitted a response to Mr. Rudenstein’s
Finley Letter on August 18, 2017. On August 25,
2017, the [PCRA court] issued notice, pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 (“907 Notice”) of its intention to
dismiss [appellant’s] petition without a hearing.
[Appellant] submitted a response to the [PCRA
1 See Commonwealth v. Gey, 121 A.3d 1136 (Pa.Super. 2015)
(unpublished memorandum).
2 See Commonwealth v. Gey, 128 A.3d 219 (Pa. 2015).
3 See also Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988).
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court’s] 907 Notice on September 6, 2017. On
October 19, 2017, the [PCRA court] dismissed
[appellant’s] PCRA petition and granted
Mr. Rudenstein’s motion to withdraw his appearance.
PCRA court opinion, 2/6/18 at 1-2 (footnote omitted).
Appellant filed a notice of appeal to this court on November 10, 2017.
The PCRA court ordered appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b), and appellant
complied on December 3, 2017. On February 6, 2018, the PCRA court filed
an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a).
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the PCRA court error[sic], by failing to
adjudicate and grant relief of, whether the
Pennsylvania Penal Statute of 18 Pa. C.S.[A.]
§1102(a) violates due process and is
unconstitutional and void under the vagueness
doctrine, because the statute fails to give a
person of ordinary intelligence fair notice that
its true penalty is life imprisonment ‘without
parole’?
2. Whether the PCRA Court error[sic], by failing
to adjudicate and grant relief of, whether the
PCRA rules, under 42 Pa. C.S.[A.] §9541-9546,
addresses a challenge to the constitutionality
of the Penal statutes §2502(a), and §1102(a)?
3. Whether the PCRA Court error [sic] by failure
to grant relief, of whether the judge abused
discretion or committed an error of law by
imposing an ‘illegal sentencing condition’ of
‘without parole’, that’s not within the act
1974-46 H.B. P.L. 213§4 to impose are
particular sentencing condition, which must be
supported by the General Assembly,
wherefore, if no statutory authorization exists
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for the particular condition, that sentence is
illegal and subject to correction?
4. Whether trial counsel and direct appellate
counsel and PCRA counsel were per se
ineffective assistance for failure to challenge
the sentence imposed pursuant to the void for
vagueness doctrine of the sentencing statute
§1102(a) and §2502(a) as to a challenge to
the sentence legality on direct appeal and
PCRA review, violated [appellant’s] due
process right to appeal the sentence?
5. Whether the PCRA Court error[sic], by failing
to adjudicate whether the judge abused
discretion or committed an error of law, by
enacting the crimes code statute of
18 Pa. C.S.[A.] §2502(a) as the sentencing
statute on [appellant’s] sentencing order,
violated subject-matter jurisdiction, where the
General assembly ‘never’ gave any power to
judges to charge, punish, and sentence, and
the ‘same’ statute, thus violating [appellant’s]
right’s[sic] under due process of the Fifth,
Fourteenth Amendment[sic]?
Appellant’s brief at 4 (emphasis omitted).
Having determined, after careful review, that the Honorable Glenn B.
Bronson, in his Rule 1925(a) opinion, ably and comprehensively disposes of
appellant’s issues on appeal, with appropriate reference to the record and
without legal error, we will affirm on the basis of that opinion.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/11/19
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Circulated 01/29/2019 03:27 PM
IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH OF CP-5 l-CR-0005679-2012
PENNSYLVANIA
v.
RASHEED GEY aka
RASHEED GUY
II
II II I8065529831
�
II 1111111111111111
-
FILED
FEB 06 2018
OPINION
Office of Judicial Records
Appeals/Post Trfal
BRONSON,J. February 6, 2018
On August 14, 2013, following a non-jury trial before this Court, defendant Rasheed Guy
was convicted of murder of the first degree (18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a)), carrying a firearm without a
license (18 Pa.C.S. § 6106(a)(l)), carrying a firearm on a public street or property in
Philadelphia (18 Pa.C.S. § 6108), possessing an instrument of crime (18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a)), and
recklessly endangering another person (18 Pa.C.S. § 2705).1 The Court immediately imposed
'
the mandatory sentence oflife in prison for the murder charge (18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(l)) and
imposed no further penalty on the remaining charges. Defendant did not file post-sentence
motions.
On September 5, 2013, Barnaby Wittels, Esquire, was appointed to represent defendant
after trial counsel, Nino Tinari, Esquire, was permitted to withdraw. On November 4, 2013, Mr.
Wittels filed a petition under the Post Conviction Relief Act ("PCRA") alleging that trial counsel
was· ineffective for failing to protect defendant's appellate rights. On April 14, 2014, the Court
entered an order granting defendant's PCRA petition and reinstated defendant's right to file a
I At trial, defendant indicated that the correct spelling of his name was Rasheed Guy. It appears both ways in the
record. N.T. 8/12/13 at 8.
direct appeal. Defendant subsequently filed an appeal on April 15, 2014. On April 20, 2015, the
Superior Court affirmed defendant's judgment of sentence. The Supreme Court denied allocatur
on August 20, 2015.
Defendant then filed a prose PCRA petition on March 9, 2016. David S. Rudenstein,
Esquire was appointed to represent defendant on January 6, 2017. Shortly after, on February 16,
2017, defendant filed a prose supplemental PCRA petition. On July 25, 2017, pursuant to I
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988), Mr. Rudenstein filed a letter stating
. there was no merit to defendant's claims for collateral relief ("Finley letter"). Defendant.
submitted a response to Mr. Rudenstein's Finley Letter on August 18, 2017. On August 25,
2017, the Court issued notice, pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 ("907 Notice") of its intention to
dismiss defendant's petition without a hearing. Defendant submitted a response to the Court's
907 Notice on September 6, 2017. On October 19, 2017, the Court dismissed defendant's PCRA
petition and granted Mr. Rudenstein's motion to withdraw his appearance.
Defendant has now appealed the Court's dismissal of his PCRA Petition, raising five
issues. They are listed verbatim below in their entirety, without corrections:
1. Did the PCRA Court error, by failing to adjudicate and grant relief of,
whether the Pennsylvania Penal Statute of 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)
violates due process and is unconstitutional and void under the
vagueness Doctrine, because the Statute fails to give a person of
ordinary intelligence fair notice that its true penalty is life
imprisonment 'without parole'?
2. Did the PCRA Court error, by failing to adjudicate and grant relief of,
whether the PCRA rules, under 42 Pa.C.S. §9541-9546, addresses a
challenge of the constitutionality of the penal statutes §2502(a), and
§ 1102(a)?
3. Did the PCRA Court error by failure to grant relief, of whether, the
. Judge abused discretion or committed an error of law by imposing an
'illegal sentencing condition' of 'without parole', that's not within the
act 1974-46 H.B. 1060 P.L. 213§4 to impose a particular sentencing
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(\
condition, which must be supported by the General Assembly,
wherefore, if no statutory authorization exists for the particular
condition, that sentence is illegal and subject to correction?
4. Whether trial counsel and direct appellate counsel and PCRA counsel,
were per se ineffective for failure to challenge the sentence imposed,
pursuant to the void for vagueness Doctrine of the sentencing statute
§2502(a) as to a challenge to the sentence legality on direct appeal and
PCRA review, violated Defendant's rights to appeal the sentence?
5. Did the PCRA court error, by failing to adjudicate, whether the Judge
abused discretion or committed error of law, by enacting the crimes
code statute 18 Pa. C.S. §2502(a) as the sentencing statute on
Defendants sentencing order, lacked subject matter jurisdiction, where
the general assembly 'never' gave any power to Judges to charge,
punish, and sentence, underthe 'sams' statute, thus violating The
defendant's right's under due process of the fifth, fourteenth
amendment?
Concise Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate
Procedure l 925(b) ("Statement of Errors") at,, 1-5. For the reasons set forth below,
defendant's claims are without merit or are waived, and the PCRA Court's order dismissing his
PCRA petition should be affirmed.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The facts of this case are summarized in the Superior Court's opinion of April 20, 2015,
affirming the trial court's judgment of sentence on direct appeal. See Superior Court Opinion,
4/20/2015 at pp. 1-3.
11. DISCUSSION
If court-appointed counsel for a PCRA petitioner determines that the issues the petitioner
raises for collateral review are meritless, and the PCRA court concurs, counsel may withdraw
and the petitioner may proceed prose, by privately retained counsel, or not at all. Finley, 550
A.2d at 218. To be permitted to withdraw, petitioner's counsel must file a no-merit letter, or
"Finley letter," detailing the nature and extent of counsel's review and listing each issue the
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petitioner wished to raise, with counsel's explanation as to why the issues are meritless.
Commonwealth v. Pitts, 981 A.2d 875, 876 n. l (Pa. 2009) (citing Finley, 550 A.2d at 215). After
· reviewing a Finley letter, the PCRA court is required to independently .review the record to
evaluate the petitioner's claims. Id. A PCRA petition may be dismissed without a hearing if the
Court determines that there are no claims of arguable merit and no purpose would be served by
further proceedings. Commonwealth v. Lignons, 971 A.2d 1125, 1143 (Pa. 2009); see
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1).
In his Finley Letter, Mr. Rudenstein stated his opinion that defendant's claims had no
arguable merit. After an independent review of the record, the Court agrees with Mr.
Rudenstein. Each of defendant's PCRA appellate claims is considered below.
A. Constitutionality of 18 Pa.CS§ J 102(a)
Defendant first claims that he was entitled to relief from the PCRA court because the
sentencing statute for first-degree murder, 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a), is unconstitutionally vague. In
particular, defendant argues that the statute fails to give fair notice that the penalty of life
imprisonment means life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. Statement of Errors at
� 1. Defendant never raised this issue at any time prior to filing his prose PCRA petition.
Therefore; a threshold issue is whether his claim has been waived. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9544(b) ("an
issue is waived if the petitioner could have raised it but failed to do so before trial, at trial, during
unitary review, on appeal or in a prior state postconviction proceeding").
Claims challenging the legality of a sentence cannot be waived. On the other hand,
challenges to the constitutionality of a statute generally can be waived. In reconciling apparent
conflicts between these principles, our courts have narrowly construed those claims deemed to
implicate the legality of a sentence and to therefore be non-waivable. See Commonwealth v.
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Lawrence, 99 A.3d 116, 122 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal denied, 114 A.3d 416 (Pa. 2015). In
particular, a constitutionally based claim regarding mandatory minimum sentencing can be
waived. Id. at 124 (holding Equal Protection and Ex Post Facto challenges to mandatory minimum
sentences for juveniles convicted of homicide were waived since not raised in post-trial motions).2
Accordingly, defendant's vagueness challenge to the mandatory life sentence for first degree
murder, premised upon the Due Process Clause, has been waived. Id.
I
Even if defendant had not waived this claim, he would still not be entitled to relief under
the PCRA. "[D]uly enacted legislation carries with it a strong presumption of constitutionality."
Commonwealth v. Turner, 80 A.3d 754, 759 (Pa. 2013). It will therefore be upheld, "unless it
clearly, palpably, and plainly violates the constitution." Commonwealth v. Neiman, 84 A.3d 603,
611 (Pa. 2013) (internal quotation omitted). Under the void-for-vagueness standard, a statute is
unconstitutional if it is "so vague that persons of common intelligence must necessarily guess at
its meaning and differ as to its application." Commonwealth v. Davidson, 938 A.2d 198, 207 (Pa.
2007). On the other hand, a statute will pass constitutional muster, if it '" define[ s] the criminal
offense with sufficient definiteness that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited
and in a manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement."' Id (quoting
Ko/ender v. Lawson,'461 U.S. 352, 357 (1983)). Specifically, a sentencing statute is constitutional
if it states with specific clarity the consequences of violating a criminal statute. Commonwealth v.
Berryman, 649 A.2d 961, 985 (Pa. Super. 1994) (citing US v. Batchelder, 442 U.S. 114, 123
( 1979)).
2
An exception, not applicable here, is for claims under Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99 (2013), requiring under
the Sixth Amendment that any fact that increases the mandatory minimum must be submitted to the jury. See
Lawrence, 99 A.3d at 124. ·
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Here, the sentencing statute at issue, 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(l), plainly states that a person
convicted of first degree murder, "shall be sentenced to death or a term of life imprisonment."
While section l 102(a)(l) is silent about parole eligibility, a separate statute unambiguously
provides that the parole board· is without power to parole anyone serving a sentence of life
imprisonment. 61 Pa.C.S. § 6137(a)(l) ("The board may parole ... any inmate to whom the
. power to parole is granted to the board by this chapter, except an inmate condemned to death or
serving life imprisonment. ... "). Moreover, the fact that parole eligibility is codified in a separate
statute is irrelevant, since both statutes read together put defendant on notice that the penalty for
first degree murder is life without parole or death. See Commonwealth v. Bell, 645 A.2d 211,
218 (Pa. 1994) (mandatory minimum statute for marijuana distribution was not
unconstitutionally vague for failing to specify a maximum sentence since the maximum was
implied when read together with other statutes). No relief is due.
B. Failure to "Adjudicate and Grant Relief' Regarding 18 Pa.CS.§§ 1102(a) &
2502(a)
Defendant's next claim reads in its entirety as follows: "Did the PCRA Court error, by
failing to adjudicate and grant relief of, whether the PCRA rules, under 42 Pa.C.S. §9541-9546,
addresses a challenge of the constitutionality of the penal statutes §2502( a), and § 1102( a)?"
Statement of Errors at, 2. The Court finds defendant's claim is not comprehensible and is
therefore waived. See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766, 776 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(claims not presented in a comprehensible fashion are waived), app. denied, 940 A.2d 362 (Pa.
2008).
C. Statutory Authorization to Impose a Sentence of Life Without Parole
Defendant next claims that the PCRA court erred by failing to grant relief since no statute
authorized his sentence of life without parole. Statement of Errors at, 3. This claim is
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frivolous. As discussed in Section A, above, defendant's sentence of life without parole was not
only authorized, but also required, under Pennsylvania law. 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(l); 61 Pa.C.S.
6137 § (a)(l).
D. Failure to Challenge Constitutionality of Sentencing Statute
Defendant next claims that both trial and appellate counsel were per se ineffective for
failing to challenge the legality of his sentence under the void-for-vagueness doctrine. Statement
of Errors at ,r 4. This claim is without merit.
Under Pennsylvania law, counsel is presumed to be effective and the burden to prove
otherwise lies with the petitioner. Commonwealth v. Basemore, 744 A.2d 717, 728 (Pa. 2000),
n.10 (citing Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 719 A.2d 242, 250 (Pa. 1998)). To obtain collateral ·
relief based on the ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must show that counsel's
representation fell below accepted standards of advocacy and that as a result thereof, the
petitioner was prejudiced. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). In
Pennsylvania, the Strickland standard is interpreted as requiring proof that: (1) the claim
underlying the ineffectiveness claim had arguable merit; (2) counsel's actions lacked any
reasonable basis; and (3) the ineffectiveness of counsel caused the petitioner prejudice.
Commonwealth v. Miller, 987 A.2d 638, 648 (Pa. 2009). To satisfy the third prong of the test,
the petitioner must prove that, but for counsel's error, there is a reasonable probability that the
outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Commonwealth v. Sneed, 899 A.2d 1067,
1084 (Pa. 2006) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694). If the PCRA court determines that any one
of the three prongs cannot be met, then the court need not hold an evidentiary hearing as such a
hearing would serve no purpose. Commonwealth v. Jones, 942 A.2d 903, 906 (Pa. Super. 2008),
appeal denied, 956 A.2d 433 (Pa. 2008).
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Here, as discussed in Section A, above, the statutes under which defendant received his
sentence of life imprisonment without parole were not void for vagueness. Because counsel
cannot be ineffective for. failing to advance a meritless claim, defendant's contention that he was
denied effecti_ve assistance of counsel was properly rejected by the PCRA court. ·
E. Trial Court :s Power to Charge, Punish, and Sentence Under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a)
Defendant's final claim is that the PCRA court erred "by enacting the crimes code statute
18 P A.C.S. § 2502(a)" since the General Assembly never empowered judges to "charge, punish
and sentence" under the same statute. He contends that this error deprived him of due process.
Statement of Errors at, 5. Of course, the Court, at no time, enacted any statutes, nor brought
any charges against defendant. The Court confined its exercise of authority to sentencing
defendant under the applicable law. For that reason, defendant's claim is frivolous.
III. CONCLUSION
For all of the foregoing re.asons, the Court's order dismissing defendant's PCRA petition
should be affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
GLENN B. BRONSON, J
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