Com. v. Jones, E. ( 2019 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ERIC KENNETH JONES :
:
Appellant : No. 762 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order May 1, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-21-CR-0001409-2008
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., MURRAY, J., and PELLEGRINI*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 19, 2019
Eric Kenneth Jones (Appellant) appeals pro se from the order which
dismissed his petition for writ of habeas corpus as a petition ineligible for relief
under the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541–9546. We
affirm, albeit on a different basis than the trial court.1
A prior panel of this Court summarized the factual and procedural history
of this case as follows:
Appellant was convicted of rape in 1990.[2] As a result, in 1995,
Appellant became subject to the lifetime registration requirements
of Megan’s Law, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9795.1(b)(2). Appellant was
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1 It is well settled that an appellate court is not bound by the rationale of the
trial court, and may affirm on any basis. See In re Jacobs, 15 A.3d 509,
509 n.1 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citing Ross v. Foremost Insurance Co., 998
A.2d 648, 656, n.7 (Pa. Super. 2010)).
2 Appellant was convicted of rape in the Dauphin County Court of Common
Pleas.
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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released in 2002. In early 2008, Appellant was incarcerated on
another charge. While in prison, he was informed of his duty to
register with the state police upon release. On April 29, 2008,
Appellant was bailed out of prison. The next day, Appellant
obtained a driver’s license listing his address as his girlfriend’s
residence . . . in New Cumberland. On May 10, 2008, Appellant’s
neighbor informed police that Appellant had been living at [his
girlfriend’s residence]. She also indicated her belief that Appellant
had not registered this new address under Megan’s Law. Shortly
thereafter, police confirmed his failure to register. Appellant was
arrested on May 12, 2008.
Appellant was charged and convicted of Failure to Comply with
Registration of Sexual Offenders Requirements, 18 Pa.C.S.A. §
4915(a)(1). Because Appellant had previously been convicted of
a similar offense, the instant offense was graded as a first-degree
felony. 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4915(c)(3). On December 23, 2008,
Appellant was sentenced to a prison term of 40 to 80 months,
which is within the standard range of the sentencing guidelines.
Appellant did not file a post-sentence motion.
Commonwealth v. Jones, 80 MDA 2009, at *1-2 (Pa. Super. Nov. 4, 2009)
(unpublished memorandum) (footnotes omitted). Appellant filed a direct
appeal with this Court, and we affirmed his judgment of sentence on
November 4, 2009. While Appellant’s direct appeal was pending, on July 13,
2009, Appellant was convicted of indecent assault by forcible compulsion for
an incident in Dauphin County, and sentenced to 25 to 50 years of
incarceration. Although it is not clear from the record, it appears that
Appellant’s sentences were ordered to run concurrently.
On February 13, 2015, Appellant filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas
corpus challenging his registration requirements under the Sexual Offender
Registration and Notification Act (SORNA). In particular, Appellant argued
that he should be exempt from SORNA’s registration provisions because he
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was convicted of rape prior to the existence of any sexual offender law.
Although Appellant’s challenge related back to his rape conviction in Dauphin
County, Appellant filed his writ of habeas corpus in Cumberland County under
the docket for his failure to register conviction. The trial court appointed
counsel for Appellant and scheduled a hearing.3 Following the hearing, the
court denied the motion, concluding that Cumberland County’s jurisdiction
“was problematic at best,” because Appellant’s lifetime registration
requirement did not arise from a conviction in Cumberland County. Opinion
and Order of Court, 7/14/15, at 10.
Following the court’s denial of Appellant’s writ for habeas corpus:
our Supreme Court issued Commonwealth v. Muniz, [ ] 164
A.3d 1189 ([Pa.] 2017) (OAJC), which held that SORNA
constituted criminal punishment and therefore could not be
retroactively applied. We have held that Muniz announced a new
substantive rule of law that applies retroactively in a timely
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3 At the time Appellant filed his petition for writ of habeas corpus, the law of
our Commonwealth was split as to whether Appellant’s claim – challenging the
collateral consequences of his conviction, i.e., his registration requirement –
was cognizable under the PCRA. Compare Commonwealth v. Masker, 34
A.3d 841, 842 (Pa. Super. 2011) (holding that a challenge to the classification
of a sexually violent predator did not fall within the ambit of the PCRA and
that “other forms of post-conviction relief exist”), with Commonwealth v.
Taylor, 65 A.3d 462 (Pa. Super. 2013) (holding that “Appellant’s writ of
habeas corpus should be treated as a PCRA petition” because “[i]t is well-
settled that the PCRA is intended to be the sole means of achieving post-
conviction relief”). Recently, however, our Commonwealth clarified that
Appellant’s challenge is cognizable under the PCRA. See Commonwealth v.
Johnson, -- A.3d ---, 2018 WL 6442321 (Pa. Super. 2018) (concluding that
“the PCRA clearly offers a remedy for the requested relief, i.e., the retroactive
application of Muniz[.]”). Nevertheless, the trial court appointed counsel for
Appellant and held a hearing. Thus, Appellant received the benefits to which
he was entitled under the PCRA.
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[PCRA] petition. See Commonwealth v. Rivera-Figueroa, 174
A.3d 674, 678 (Pa. Super 2017) (“[T]he recent holding in Muniz
created a substantive rule that retroactively applies in the
collateral context, because SORNA punishes a class of defendants
due to their status as sex offenders and creates a significant risk
of punishment that the law cannot impose.”). However, we have
also held that Muniz does not qualify as an exception to the
PCRA’s one-year time bar. Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180
A.3d 402 (Pa. Super. 2018). Therefore, Muniz applies
retroactively on collateral review only to those persons who could
raise the issue in a timely PCRA petition.
Commonwealth v. Johnson, -- A.3d ---, 2018 WL 6442321, at *2 (Pa.
Super. 2018)
Appellant filed the underlying pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus
on February 5, 2018. In his petition, Appellant again sought an order
declaring him exempt from SORNA’s registration requirements. The PCRA
court recognized that “the PCRA subsumes all forms of collateral relief,
including habeas corpus, to the extent a remedy is available under such
enactment,” and properly treated Appellant’s petition as being filed under the
PCRA. See Commonwealth v. West, 938 A.2d 1034, 1043 (Pa. 2007); see
also Johnson, 2018 WL 6442321, at *3. On April 3 and 30, 2018, the PCRA
court held a hearing on Appellant’s petition. At the hearing, the
Commonwealth argued that Appellant’s PCRA petition was untimely. Because
our Supreme Court and this Court construe the time-bar as jurisdictional, the
Commonwealth asserted that the PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to reach the
merits of Appellant’s claim. On May 1, 2018, the PCRA court dismissed
Appellant’s petition, concluding that Appellant was ineligible for relief under
the PCRA because he was no longer “serving a sentence of imprisonment,
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probation or parole for the crime.” See PCRA Court Opinion, 5/1/18, at 4;
see also 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(1)(i). This appeal followed. Both Appellant
and the PCRA court have complied with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
1. Whether the court committed error by deciding the sentence of
40 to 80 months expired, when it’s clearly active[?]
2. Whether the court committed an error by not accepting
Appellant’s status sheet, showing the sentences are active and
concurrent, which the court agreed [is] concurrent when the
Dauphin County court did not indicate his sentence of 25 to 50
year sentence was to run consecutive to the 40 to 80 month
sentence[?]
3. Whether the court committed error by not pointing out that
2034 – 2059 is a calculation of only [a] 25 to 50 year sentence,
showing that a 40 to 80 month sentence is impossible to have
expired several years ago[?]
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
Before we reach the merits of Appellant’s claims, we recognize that
“Pennsylvania law makes clear [that] no court has jurisdiction to hear an
untimely PCRA petition.” Commonwealth v. Monaco, 996 A.2d 1076, 1079
(Pa. Super. 2010) (quoting Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157,
1161 (Pa. 2003)). A petitioner must file a PCRA petition within one year of
the date on which the petitioner’s judgment became final, unless one of the
three statutory exceptions applies:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the
presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution
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or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws
of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period
provided in this section and has been held by that court
to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). A petitioner must file a petition invoking one of
these exceptions “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). If a petition is untimely, and the
petitioner has not pled and proven any exception, “neither this Court nor the
trial court has jurisdiction over the petition. Without jurisdiction, we simply
do not have the legal authority to address the substantive claims.”
Commonwealth v. Derrickson, 923 A.2d 466, 468 (Pa. Super. 2007)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Chester, 895 A.2d 520, 522 (Pa. 2006)).
“A judgment is deemed final ‘at the conclusion of direct review,
including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking
the review.’” Monaco, 996 A.2d at 1079 (quoting 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3)).
Here, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final in 1991, almost 28 years
ago. Accordingly, Appellant’s petition is facially untimely. See Derrickson,
923 A.2d at 468. As discussed supra, this case is controlled by Murphy, and
thus, Appellant’s petition does not satisfy any exception to the PCRA’s time-
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bar. See Murphy, 180 A.3d at 405-06 (concluding that unless or until our
Supreme Court declares that Muniz satisfies one of the PCRA timeliness
exceptions, an appellant cannot rely on Muniz to circumvent the PCRA time-
bar restrictions). Accordingly, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 2/19/2019
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