Com. v. Byrd, L. ( 2018 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
LAHIYM J. BYRD,
Appellant No. 1218 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 28, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0002655-2008
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
LAHIYM J. BYRD,
Appellant No. 1219 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 28, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0004642-2012
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
LAHIYM J. BYRD,
Appellant No. 1220 EDA 2017
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Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence February 28, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0004571-2014
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., PANELLA, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED MARCH 28, 2018
Appellant, Lahiym J. Byrd, appeals from the judgment of sentence of
an aggregate term of 1 to 4 years’ incarceration, imposed after his terms of
probation/parole in three separate cases were revoked.1 On appeal,
Appellant seeks to challenge the discretionary aspects of his sentence.
Additionally, his counsel, Nicholena A. Iacuzio, Esq., seeks to withdraw her
representation of Appellant pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738
(1967), and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). After
careful review, we affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence and grant
counsel’s petition to withdraw.
The trial court summarized the pertinent facts and procedural history
of Appellant’s three cases, as follows:
Appellant … originally pled guilty on case CP-23-CR-
0002655-08 [(hereinafter “case 2655-08”)] on July 8, 2008[,]
before the Honorable William R. Toal Jr. Pursuant to the plea[,]
Appellant pled guilty to accidents involving death or personal
injury and was sentenced to 90 days to 23 months of
incarceration and 2 years of consecutive probation. The record
____________________________________________
*Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 Appellant filed separate appeals in each of his cases, which we have
consolidated herein.
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reflects that Appellant had several Gagnon II2 hearings on this
case in the years that followed his plea, including one in 2012,
one in 2014, and most recently, on February 28, 2017.
Appellant originally pled guilty on case CP-23-CR-4642-12
[(hereinafter “case 4643-12”)] on August 9, 2012[,] before the
Honorable Mary Alice Brennan. Pursuant to the plea[,] Appellant
pled guilty to theft by unlawful taking and was sentenced to 2 to
23 months of incarceration and given immediate parole. The
record reflects that Appellant had a Gagnon II hearing in 2014
and another on February 28, 2017[,] in this case.
Appellant entered a nolo [contendere] plea on case CP-23-
CR-4571-14 [(hereinafter “case 4571-14”)] on December 17,
2014[,] before this court at which time he pled guilty to one
count of simple assault. He was sentenced to 2 years of
probation. A Gagnon II hearing was held on this case on
February 28, 2017.
At the hearing on February 28, 2017, Appellant appeared
before this court after he picked up two new cases and was
found to be in violation of his probation and parole. He was
sentenced as follows: On [case 2655-08 to] one (1) to four (4)
years of incarceration; on [case 4642-12 to] full back time of
552 days with immediate parole; on [case 4571-14 to] one (1)
to two (2) years of incarceration with 45 days of credit for time
served. All sentences were ordered to run concurrent to one
another.
Following the hearing, Appellant filed a motion for
reconsideration of [his] sentence[,] which was denied, and … a
timely Notice of Appeal was filed on April 20, 2017. Appellant
was ordered to file a [Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)] Statement of Matters
Complained of on Appeal and on June 7, 2017[,] counsel
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2 Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973) (directing that when a
parolee/probationer is detained pending a revocation hearing, due process
requires a pre-revocation, Gagnon I hearing be conducted to determine
that probable cause exists that a violation of parole/probation has been
committed; where a finding of probable cause is made, a second, more
comprehensive Gagnon II hearing is required before a final revocation of
parole/probation can be made).
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complied and stated her intention to file an Anders brief in the
Superior Court.
Trial Court Opinion, 6/22/17, at 1-2.
On October 6, 2017, Attorney Iacuzio filed with this Court a petition to
withdraw and an Anders brief, asserting that Appellant’s sentencing
challenge is frivolous, and that he has no other non-frivolous issues he could
assert on appeal.
This Court must first pass upon counsel’s petition to withdraw
before reviewing the merits of the underlying issues presented
by [the appellant]. Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d
287, 290 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc).
Prior to withdrawing as counsel on a direct appeal under
Anders, counsel must file a brief that meets the requirements
established by our Supreme Court in Santiago. The brief must:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts,
with citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes
arguably supports the appeal;
(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal
is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Counsel also must provide a copy of
the Anders brief to his client. Attending the brief must be a
letter that advises the client of his right to: “(1) retain new
counsel to pursue the appeal; (2) proceed pro se on appeal; or
(3) raise any points that the appellant deems worthy of the
court[’]s attention in addition to the points raised by counsel in
the Anders brief.” Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d 349,
353 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 704, 936 A.2d 40
(2007).
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Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 879-80 (Pa. Super. 2014).
After determining that counsel has satisfied these technical requirements of
Anders and Santiago, this Court must then “conduct an independent
review of the record to discern if there are any additional, non-frivolous
issues overlooked by counsel.” Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d
1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citations and footnote omitted).
In this case, Attorney Iacuzio’s Anders brief complies with the above-
stated requirements. Namely, she includes a summary of the relevant
factual and procedural history, she refers to portions of the record that could
arguably support Appellant’s sentencing claim, and she sets forth her
conclusion that Appellant’s appeal is frivolous. She also explains her reasons
for reaching that determination, and supports her rationale with citations to
the record and pertinent legal authority. Additionally, attached to her
petition to withdraw, Attorney Iacuzio includes a letter written to Appellant
in which she states that she is providing him with a copy of her Anders
brief, and she informs him of the rights enumerated in Nischan.
Accordingly, counsel has complied with the technical requirements for
withdrawal.
We will now independently review the record to determine if
Appellant’s sentencing issue is frivolous, and to ascertain if there are any
other non-frivolous claims he could pursue on appeal. The sole issue that
Attorney Iacuzio presents in her Anders brief is whether Appellant’s
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sentence is “excessive in light of the fact that he has suffered from both
significant mental and emotional health issues.” Anders Brief at 6. This
claim constitutes a challenge to the discretionary aspects of Appellant’s
sentence and, thus, we apply the following standard of review:
Sentencing is a matter vested in the sound discretion of the
sentencing judge. The standard employed when reviewing the
discretionary aspects of sentencing is very narrow. We may
reverse only if the sentencing court abused its discretion or
committed an error of law. A sentence will not be disturbed on
appeal absent a manifest abuse of discretion. In this context, an
abuse of discretion is not shown merely by an error in judgment.
Rather, the appellant must establish, by reference to the record,
that the sentencing court ignored or misapplied the law,
exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality, prejudice, bias
or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision. We
must accord the sentencing court's decision great weight
because it was in the best position to review the defendant's
character, defiance or indifference, and the overall effect and
nature of the crime.
Commonwealth v. Cook, 941 A.2d 7, 11–12 (Pa. Super. 2007) (internal
quotations and citations omitted).
Additionally,
[c]hallenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not
entitle an appellant to review as of right. Commonwealth v.
Sierra, 752 A.2d 910, 912 (Pa. Super. 2000). An appellant
challenging the discretionary aspects of his sentence must
invoke this Court's jurisdiction by satisfying a four-part test:
We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether
appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P.
902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly
preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and
modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether
appellant's brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and
(4) whether there is a substantial question that the
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sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the
Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).
Commonwealth v. Evans, 901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super.
2006), appeal denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 303 (2006).
Objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence are
generally waived if they are not raised at the sentencing hearing
or in a motion to modify the sentence imposed.
Commonwealth v. Mann, 820 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa. Super.
2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 759, 831 A.2d 599 (2003).
The determination of what constitutes a substantial question
must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Commonwealth v.
Paul, 925 A.2d 825, 828 (Pa. Super. 2007). A substantial
question exists “only when the appellant advances a colorable
argument that the sentencing judge's actions were either: (1)
inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or
(2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the
sentencing process.” Sierra, supra at 912–13.
Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010)).
Here, Attorney Iacuzio filed a timely notice of appeal, she preserved
Appellant’s sentencing claim in a post-sentence motion, and she has
included a Rule 2119(f) statement in her Anders brief to this Court.3
Therein, Attorney Iacuzio states that Appellant’s “aggregate sentence of one
to four years[’] imprisonment is harsh and excessive under the
circumstances[,] given his acceptance of responsibility and his
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3 We recognize, however, that “[w]here counsel files an Anders brief, this
Court has reviewed the matter even absent a separate [Rule] 2119(f)
statement.” Commonwealth v. Bynum-Hamilton, 135 A.3d 179, 184
(Pa. Super. 2016) (quoting Commonwealth v. Ziegler, 112 A.3d 656, 661
(Pa. Super. 2015) (citations omitted)).
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mental/emotional health issues.” Anders Brief at 4. Attorney Iacuzio
concludes that this claim does not present a substantial question for our
review. Id. at 5.
We disagree. Our Court has held that a claim that “consecutive
sentences [are] unduly excessive, together with [a] claim that the court
failed to consider [the defendant’s] rehabilitative needs and mitigating
factors upon fashioning his sentence, presents a substantial question.”
Commonwealth v. Swope, 123 A.3d 333, 340 (Pa. Super. 2015). We
recognize that Appellant did not receive consecutive sentences in this case;
however, he argues that the aggregate term of incarceration is excessive,
given his need for mental health rehabilitation, and in light of the mitigating
fact that he took responsibility for his criminal conduct. We will liberally
construe this argument as constituting a substantial question for our review.
See id.; see also Commonwealth v. Raven, 97 A.3d 1244, 1253 (Pa.
Super. 2014), appeal denied, 105 A.3d 736 (Pa. 2014) (holding that an
excessive sentence claim, combined with an assertion that the court did not
consider mitigating factors, raises a substantial question for our review)
(citation omitted); Commonwealth v. Dodge, 77 A.3d 1263, 1273 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (determining that an appellant’s claim that the court failed to
consider his rehabilitative needs and the nature and circumstances of the
offense in fashioning its sentence raised a substantial question).
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Nevertheless, we agree with Attorney Iacuzio that Appellant’s claim is
frivolous. We begin by noting that Attorney Iacuzio vigorously argued at
Appellant’s revocation/resentencing hearing that his criminal conduct
stemmed from his mental health issues, and that with treatment, rather
than incarceration, he could be rehabilitated. See N.T.
Revocation/Resentencing Hearing, 2/28/17, at 10-16. In this vein, Attorney
Iacuzio detailed for the court Appellant’s “history of psychiatric mental
health issues.” Id. at 10-12. She informed the court that Appellant had
previously “never wanted to admit” that he suffered from these issues, but
that he now has “come to terms” with his mental illness and has “done a
complete turnaround.” Id. at 10, 15. In light of Appellant’s improvement,
and willingness to seek further help, Attorney Iacuzio argued that he should
be placed on electronic home monitoring, with “the caveat” that he enter an
inpatient psychiatric program within seven days of beginning that sentence.
Id. at 10-12, 13.
In rejecting counsel’s request, the trial court pointed out that
Appellant’s most recent criminal offense, which formed the basis for the
revocation of his parole/probation, was aggravated assault, premised on
Appellant’s assaulting a security guard at a mental hospital at which he had
been involuntarily committed. Id. at 6-7, 13. Additionally, the court
questioned whether the reason for Appellant’s recent ‘turnaround’ could be
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the fact that he was currently in a “structured situation” of incarceration.
Id. at 15. Attorney Iacuzio conceded that it was “a possibility.” Id. at 16.
The court also considered the Commonwealth’s position that the state
prison system has “multiple different programs” to assist Appellant with his
mental health issues, as well as “more equipment [to] handle his level of
violence when he is in one of his episodes.” Id. at 18. The Commonwealth
stressed that Appellant had committed multiple parole/probation violations
and was given “multiple opportunities” to address his issues in the past, yet
he failed to do so. Id. at 19. Indeed, the Commonwealth maintained that
Appellant’s “behaviors continue escalating and are not getting any better[,]”
as evidenced by his most recent aggravated assault conviction. Id. at 9.
Accordingly, the Commonwealth asked for an aggregate sentence of 2 to 4
years’ incarceration. Id. at 4.
The court also listened to Appellant’s statement before sentencing.
Appellant informed the court that he was attending Alcoholics Anonymous
and Narcotics Anonymous meetings and seeking help for his mental health
issues. Id. at 18. He also discussed that his girlfriend and his mother were
very sick, and he needed to help care for his children. Id. at 16-17.
Appellant stressed that he believed if he went into state prison, it would “put
[him] in a deeper darker place and depression.” Id. at 18.
Ultimately, the trial court determined that a sentence of incarceration
in a state prison was appropriate for Appellant. The court clearly premised
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Appellant’s sentence on the treatment options available in state prison
beyond that which was available to county prisoners. See id. at 22-23. The
court also stressed that Appellant had committed several violations of his
parole/probation, and it took into account the Commonwealth’s argument
that Appellant’s “level of violence” could best be handled in a state prison,
rather than in a county jail or by parole/probation officers. Id. at 20, 23.
Based on all of these considerations, the court imposed a sentence of one to
four years’ incarceration.
We ascertain no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s sentencing
decision. The court imposed a minimum term of one year of incarceration,
which was lower than that requested by the Commonwealth. Moreover, the
court clearly concluded that the programs offered in state prison would
assist Appellant’s rehabilitation better than county prison, and that Appellant
posed too great a risk to himself and the community to be released on
electronic home monitoring, as evidenced by his repeated violations and his
most recent aggravated assault conviction. As Attorney Iacuzio points out,
Appellant’s “new sentence falls within the standard range of the minimum
sentences suggested by the [s]entencing [g]uidelines, even though those
[g]uidelines are inapplicable.” Anders Brief at 6 (citing 204 Pa. Code §
303.1(b) (directing that the sentencing guidelines do not apply to sentences
imposed after the revocation of parole or probation)). Given the totality of
these circumstances, and the factors considered by the trial court, we
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conclude that Appellant’s sentence was not an abuse of the court’s
discretion. Accordingly, we agree with Attorney Iacuzio that this issue is
frivolous.
Additionally, after independently reviewing the record, we find no
other, non-frivolous issues that Appellant could raise herein. Therefore, we
affirm Appellant’s judgment of sentence and grant Attorney Iacuzio’s petition
to withdraw.
Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judge Panella joins this memorandum.
President Judge Emeritus Stevens concurs in the result.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 3/28/18
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