Com. v. Sanders, J. ( 2017 )

J-S41031-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
JERMAINE SANDERS :
:
Appellant : No. 19 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence December 29, 2015
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0002003-2015
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and PLATT, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY GANTMAN, P.J.: FILED JULY 06, 2017
Appellant, Jermaine Sanders, appeals from the judgment of sentence
entered in the York County Court of Common Pleas, following his jury trial
conviction of fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer.1 We affirm and
grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
The relevant facts and procedural history of this case are as follows.
York County police observed Appellant driving at a high rate of speed on
March 15, 2015. As a result, police activated their lights and sirens and
attempted to pull over and stop Appellant. Police pursued Appellant for
several miles and for ten to fifteen minutes until Appellant finally stopped.
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1
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3733(a).
_____________________________
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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Police arrested Appellant, and the Commonwealth charged Appellant with
fleeing or attempting to elude a police officer, possession of a small amount
of marijuana, and driving without a driver’s license.
Appellant proceeded to a jury trial on November 16, 2015. At trial,
police officer Christopher Roosen testified that he was on routine patrol in
York County on March 15, 2015, at or around 4:00 a.m. when he received a
report that Appellant was driving erratically in a silver Honda. While officer
Roosen was traveling toward Appellant’s reported location, Appellant drove
past officer Roosen at a rate of speed fast enough to shake his patrol car
side to side. Officer Roosen followed Appellant down a narrow alley and
activated his lights and sirens. Appellant responded to the lights and sirens
by accelerating down the alley, kicking up dirt and debris at officer Roosen’s
patrol car. Appellant then drove off-road, forcing officer Roosen to re-route
to the nearest street. Officer Roosen caught up with Appellant and
continued the pursuit. Officer Roosen said he pursued Appellant throughout
the urban district of York for several miles and for approximately ten to
fifteen minutes. Appellant slowed down when he blew out two tires while
making a sharp turn, but he did not stop. Appellant eventually pulled over
several minutes later in front of his house. Officer Roosen arrested
Appellant and advised him of his Miranda rights.2 Officer Roosen testified
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2
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).
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that he asked Appellant why he did not stop, and Appellant responded, “his
life wasn’t going right and that he had hoped that he had died.” (N.T. Trial,
11/16/15, at 113). A camera inside the patrol car recorded this
conversation, which was played for the jury. Additionally, the
Commonwealth presented video footage from officer Roosen’s dashboard
camera, which captured the pursuit. Officer Roosen narrated the video and
gave a detailed account of the pursuit.
Next, police officer Alex Sable testified that on March 15, 2015, he
received a radio call about an erratic driver and initially observed Appellant
driving at approximately 60 miles per hour. Officer Sable lost visual contact
of Appellant for several minutes but eventually caught up with officer Roosen
and Appellant. Officer Sable observed Appellant driving erratically with two
flat tires while police were in pursuit.
On November 17, 2015, a jury convicted Appellant of fleeing or
attempting to elude a police officer. The Commonwealth withdrew the
marijuana charge, and the court found Appellant not guilty of driving without
a license. With the benefit of a pre-sentence investigative report, the court
sentenced Appellant on December 29, 2015, to a term of nine (9) to twenty
three (23) months’ incarceration, plus costs and fines. Appellant timely filed
post-sentence motions on January 7, 2016, in which he asked the court to
reconsider his sentence and challenged the weight of the evidence. The
court granted Appellant’s motion in part on April 21, 2016, and re-sentenced
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Appellant to a term of six (6) to twenty three (23) months’ imprisonment,
plus costs and fines, but denied Appellant’s request for a new trial.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal on May 18, 2016. This Court
dismissed Appellant’s appeal on December 7, 2016, for failure to file a brief.
On December 12, 2016, Appellant filed a petition to reinstate his direct
appeal rights nunc pro tunc, which the court granted on December 13, 2016.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal nunc pro tunc on December 30,
2016. On January 5, 2017, the court ordered Appellant to file a concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal per Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
Appellate counsel filed a Rule 1925(c)(4) statement of intent to file an
Anders3 brief on January 26, 2017. On March 21, 2017, appellate counsel
filed an Anders brief and petition to withdraw representation. Appellant
responded pro se to counsel’s request to withdraw in a letter dated April 24,
2017, and on May 5, 2017.
As a preliminary matter, counsel seeks to withdraw representation
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d
493 (1967) and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 602 Pa. 159, 978 A.2d 349(2009). Anders and Santiago require counsel to: 1) petition the Court for
leave to withdraw, certifying that after a thorough review of the record,
counsel has concluded the issues to be raised are wholly frivolous; 2) file a
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3
Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493(1967).
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brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably support the
appeal; and 3) furnish a copy of the brief to the appellant and advise him of
his right to obtain new counsel or file a pro se brief to raise any additional
points the appellant deems worthy of review. Santiago, supra at 173-79,
978 A.2d at 358-61. Substantial compliance with these requirements is
sufficient. Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 934 A.2d 1287, 1290 (Pa.Super.
2007). After establishing that counsel has met the antecedent requirements
to withdraw, this Court makes an independent review of the record to
confirm that the appeal is wholly frivolous. Commonwealth v. Palm, 903
A.2d 1244, 1246 (Pa.Super. 2006).
In Santiago, supra, our Supreme Court addressed the briefing
requirements where court-appointed appellate counsel seeks to withdraw
representation:
Neither Anders nor McClendon[4] requires that counsel’s
brief provide an argument of any sort, let alone the type of
argument that counsel develops in a merits brief. To
repeat, what the brief must provide under Anders are
references to anything in the record that might arguably
support the appeal.
* * *
Under Anders, the right to counsel is vindicated by
counsel’s examination and assessment of the record and
counsel’s references to anything in the record that
arguably supports the appeal.
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4
Commonwealth v. McClendon, 495 Pa. 467, 434 A.2d 1185 (1981).
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Santiago, supra at 176, 177, 978 A.2d at 359, 359-60. Thus, the Court
held:
[I]n the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed
counsel’s petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a
summary of the procedural history and facts, with citations
to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that
counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set
forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal
is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that
have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Id. at 178-79, 978 A.2d at 361.
Instantly, appellate counsel filed a petition to withdraw. The petition
states counsel conducted a conscientious review of the record and
determined the appeal is wholly frivolous. Counsel also supplied Appellant
with a copy of the brief and a letter explaining Appellant’s right to retain new
counsel or to proceed pro se to raise any additional issues Appellant deems
worthy of this Court’s attention. (See Letter to Appellant, dated March 21,
2017, attached to Petition to Withdraw as Counsel). In the Anders brief,
counsel provides a summary of the facts and procedural history of the case.
Counsel’s argument refers to relevant law that might arguably support
Appellant’s issues. Counsel further states the reasons for his conclusion that
the appeal is wholly frivolous. Therefore, counsel has substantially complied
with the requirements of Anders and Santiago.
Counsel raises the following issue on Appellant’s behalf:
WHETHER THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO
CONVICT APPELLANT BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT OF
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FLEEING OR ATTEMPTING TO ELUDE A POLICE OFFICER?
(Anders Brief at 4).5
When examining a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence:
The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at
trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there
is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every
element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In
applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence
and substitute our judgment for the fact-finder. In
addition, we note that the facts and circumstances
established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every
possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a
defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless
the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter
of law no probability of fact may be drawn from the
combined circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain
its burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a
reasonable doubt by means of wholly circumstantial
evidence. Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire
record must be evaluated and all evidence actually
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5
In Appellant’s pro se responses to counsel’s petition to withdraw, Appellant
claims his constitutional rights were violated because he received a surprise
trial date and was unable to call witnesses to testify on his behalf. The
record belies Appellant’s contentions. As jury selection was about to begin,
trial counsel stated that Appellant would like to ask for a continuance.
Appellant then asked the court for a continuance in order to subpoena his
therapist and other people to testify at trial on his behalf. Counsel stated
she had several pre-trial conversations with Appellant and asked him if he
had any witnesses he wanted to subpoena for trial, but Appellant did not
provide counsel with any names and/or information. The court asked
Appellant directly to explain how his newly identified witnesses could offer
relevant evidence in his case. Appellant said the witnesses could testify that
he was trying to get the cops to kill him. Because the witnesses were not
present during the event, Appellant failed to explain how the proffered
witnesses’ testimony was relevant to his state of mind at the time of the
offense. Appellant also raises two other claims unrelated to his judgment of
sentence. Therefore, we give Appellant’s pro se claims no further attention.
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received must be considered. Finally, the trier of fact
while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the
weight of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part
or none of the evidence.
Commonwealth v. Hansley, 24 A.3d 410, 416 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal
denied, 613 Pa. 642, 32 A.3d 1275 (2011) (quoting Commonwealth v.
Jones, 874 A.2d 108, 120-21 (Pa.Super. 2005)).
The Motor Vehicle Code defines the offense of fleeing or attempting to
elude police as follows:
§ 3733. Fleeing or attempting to elude police officer
(a) Offense defined.―Any driver of a motor vehicle
who willfully fails or refuses to bring his vehicle to a stop,
or who otherwise flees or attempts to elude a pursuing
police officer, when given a visual and audible signal to
bring the vehicle to a stop, commits an offense as graded
in subsection (a.2).
* * *
75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3733(a). “The statute is clear and unambiguous on its face
as to the elements necessary to trigger its violation: an operator’s ‘willful’
failure to bring his…vehicle to a stop in the face of an audibly or visually
identifiable police officer’s signal to do so.” Commonwealth v. Scattone,
672 A.2d 345, 347 (Pa.Super. 1996).
Instantly, officer Roosen testified that he followed Appellant into a
narrow alley and activated his lights and sirens. Instead of pulling over,
Appellant accelerated down the alley and began driving off-road. Officer
Roosen pursued Appellant throughout the urban district of York for several
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miles and for approximately ten to fifteen minutes. Appellant eventually
slowed down, because he blew out two tires, but continued driving for
several minutes until finally stopping. Officer Roosen said he asked
Appellant why he did not stop and Appellant explained, “his life wasn’t going
right and that he had hoped that he had died.” (See N.T. Trial at 113.) The
Commonwealth presented a recording of Appellant’s statement to the jury.
Additionally, the Commonwealth presented video footage of the pursuit,
captured by officer Roosen’s dashboard video camera. Officer Roosen
narrated the video and gave a detailed account of the pursuit. Next, officer
Sable testified that he witnessed Appellant drive erratically with two flat tires
while officer Roosen was in pursuit. Under these circumstances, the
evidence was sufficient to support Appellant’s conviction of fleeing or
attempting to elude a police officer. Following our independent review of the
record, we conclude the appeal is frivolous. See Palm, supra. Accordingly,
we affirm and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
Judgment of sentence affirmed; counsel’s petition to withdraw is
granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 7/6/2017
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