Com. v. Brooks, J. ( 2022 )

J-S09006-22
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JEREL BROOKS :
:
Appellant : No. 2144 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 6, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0009258-2007
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JEREL BROOKS :
:
Appellant : No. 2145 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 6, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0009259-2007
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JEREL BROOKS :
:
Appellant : No. 2146 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 6, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0009260-2007
J-S09006-22
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED JUNE 10, 2022
Jerel Brooks appeals1 from the order, entered in the Court of Common
Pleas of Philadelphia County, dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After our review,
we affirm.
On March 8, 2012, Brooks was convicted by a jury of numerous offenses
in connection with the repeated sexual abuse of his paramour’s three young
daughters.2 Brooks was convicted, inter alia, of involuntary deviate sexual
intercourse (“IDSI”) with a child under the age of 13.3 On April 11, 2013, the
trial court sentenced Brooks to an aggregate term of 10 to 20 years’
incarceration, followed by five years of probation. Of relevance here, Brooks
received a sentence of 7 to 14 years’ incarceration for IDSI. Brooks appealed
to this Court, and we affirmed his judgment of sentence on July 15, 2014.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 This case involves three separate docket numbers, one for each victim.
Although Brooks filed three separate notices of appeal in compliance with
Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969 (Pa. 2018), his appellate claim is
related to only one of the three docket numbers. Upon Brooks’ motion, this
Court consolidated his three appeals. See Order, 6/24/21. See also
Pa.R.A.P. 513.
2The charges involved twin girls, aged seven when the abuse began, and the
twins’ eight-year-old sister.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3123(b).
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Commonwealth v. Brooks, 105 A.3d 791 (Pa. Super. 2014) (Table). Brooks
did not seek allowance of appeal with our Supreme Court.
On April 15, 2015, Brooks filed a timely pro se PCRA petition, which he
amended on February 29, 2016. The PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed
amended petitions on May 14, 2018, and July 9, 2019. On August 27, 2020,
the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss Brooks’
petition without a hearing. The court dismissed Brooks’ petition on October
6, 2020. Brooks filed a timely notice of appeal, followed by a court-ordered
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. He
raises the following claim for our review:
[] PCRA counsel was ineffective for not challenging direct appeal
counsel’s effectiveness for failing to raise the following sentencing
claim on appeal: Jerel Brooks’ 7- to 14-year prison sentence in
connection with his IDSI conviction in case number 9259-2007 is
premised on 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9718(a)(1)[,] which requires
petitioners, like Brooks, to receive a mandatory minimum
sentence of 5 to 10 years in prison for certain convictions,
including IDSI. Section 9781(a)(1), though, is unconstitutional as
dictated by Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99 (2013).[4]
Brief of Appellant, at 3.
We begin by noting our standard and scope of review:
This Court analyzes PCRA appeals in the light most favorable to
the prevailing party at the PCRA level. Our review is limited to
the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record and we
do not disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it is supported by evidence
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4 In Alleyne, the United States Supreme Court held that any fact, other than
a prior conviction, that triggers a mandatory minimum sentence is an element
of the offense that must be found by the fact-finder beyond a reasonable
doubt.
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of record and is free of legal error. Similarly, we grant great
deference to the factual findings of the PCRA court and will not
disturb those findings unless they have no support in the record.
However, we afford no such deference to its legal conclusions.
Where the petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of
review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Finally, we
may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the record
supports it.
Commonwealth v. Dozier, 208 A.3d 1101, 1103 (Pa. Super. 2019).
Here, Brooks’ PCRA counsel alleges his own ineffectiveness5 for failing
to properly frame Brooks’ Alleyne-based illegality of sentencing claim.
Specifically, in Brooks’ second supplemental PCRA petition, counsel argued
that the trial court imposed an illegal mandatory minimum sentence for IDSI
pursuant to the version of section 9718(a)(1) then in effect, which was
subsequently deemed unconstitutional under Alleyne. However, because the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court held, in Commonwealth v. Washington, 142
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5 As a general rule, counsel may not assert his own ineffectiveness.
Commonwealth v. Spotz, 18 A.3d 244, 329 n.52 (Pa. 2011). However,
where it is apparent from the record whether relief is due, we need not remand
for the appointment of new counsel. Commonwealth v. McBee, 520 A.2d
10, 13 (Pa. 1986). We may adjudicate a claim of counsel’s own ineffectiveness
if “we can make a conclusive determination as to counsel’s ineffectiveness
from the record.” Commonwealth v. Green, 709 A.2d 382, 384 (Pa. 1998).
Recently, in Commonwealth v. Bradley, 261 A.3d 381 (Pa. 2021), our
Supreme Court adopted a procedure whereby “a PCRA petitioner may, after a
PCRA court denies relief, and after obtaining new counsel or acting pro
se, raise claims of PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness at the first opportunity to
do so, even if on appeal.” Id. at 401 (emphasis added). Although Bradley
does not contemplate the exact situation present in this matter, in which PCRA
counsel raises his own ineffectiveness on collateral appeal, it also does not
purport to override McBee. Where, as here, PCRA counsel’s assertion of his
own ineffectiveness “vindicate[s Brooks’] right to effective PCRA counsel,”
Bradley, 261 A.3d at 397, and we are able to make a conclusive
determination as to the merits of the ineffectiveness claim from the record,
McBee, supra, we may review the claim.
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A.3d 810 (Pa. 2016), that Alleyne’s new procedural rule does not apply
retroactively to cases on collateral review, a stand-alone Alleyne claim would
entitle Brooks to no PCRA relief. Rather, in order for the Alleyne claim to be
cognizable, Brooks was required to couch it in terms of direct appellate
counsel’s ineffectiveness for failing to challenge the legality of the IDSI
sentence on direct appeal.6 Accordingly, Brooks asserts that PCRA counsel
was ineffective for failing to properly present his Alleyne claim.
To establish a claim of counsel's ineffectiveness, a petitioner must
overcome the presumption that counsel was effective by proving: “(1) that
the underlying claim has merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable strategic basis
for his or her action or inaction; and (3) but for the errors or omissions of
counsel, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings
would have been different.” Commonwealth v. Ousley, 21 A.3d 1238, 1244
(Pa. Super. 2011) (citation omitted). “The failure to prove any one of the
three prongs results in the failure of petitioner’s claim.” Id.Here, Brooks’ underlying claim is that that his IDSI sentence is illegal
because the court imposed an unconstitutional mandatory minimum sentence.
Specifically, Brooks argues:
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6 Brooks’ direct appeal was pending when Alleyne was decided on June 17,
2013. Accordingly, Brooks would have been entitled to the benefit of its
holding. See Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348, 351 (2004) (“When a
decision of [the U.S. Supreme] Court results in a ‘new rule,’ that rule applies
to all criminal cases still pending on direct review.”).
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At Brooks’[] sentencing hearing, when the prosecutor referenced
the IDSI conviction . . ., she reminded the trial court of [section]
9718(a)(1)’s pre-2007[7] mandatory minimum provision requiring
the court to impose a mandatory minimum of at least 5 to 10
years in prison. The trial court adhered to the prosecutor’s
request and [section] 9718(a)(1)’s pre-2007 mandatory minimum
requirement when it imposed a 7- to 14-year prison sentence for
the IDSI conviction[.]
Brief of Appellant, at 7. Brooks is entitled to no relief.
Contrary to Brooks’ assertion, although the Commonwealth referenced
the mandatory minimum at the outset of the sentencing hearing, Brooks was
not sentenced in accordance with section 9718(a)(1). Rather, the
Commonwealth requested guideline sentences across the board. The
following exchange occurred at the conclusion of the Commonwealth’s
sentencing argument:
[ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: So[,] all that Your Honor has
left to do is to protect society. And the guideline sentence for
this case, involuntary deviate sexual intercourse, with
nothing else considered, alone is 72 months to 40 years.
What I'm asking this Court to do is sentence this defendant to 20
to 40 years[’] incarceration.
14 to 28 years on [the IDSI victim], which would be a guideline
sentence on all charges to run consecutive.
And then three to six years[’] incarceration on the other two
victims[, to] run consecutive[ly].
Again, guideline sentences on all charges.
* * *
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7 Section 9718(a)(1) was subsequently amended, effective January 1, 2007,
to provide for a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years’ incarceration for
IDSI.
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THE COURT: Let me be clear, you are asking for what?
[ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY]: 20 to 40 years[’]
incarceration. Your Honor, that would be a guideline sentence
on every charge to run consecutive.
N.T. Sentencing, 4/11/13, at 59-60 (emphasis added).
The sentence imposed by the court for Brooks’ IDSI conviction was a
standard guideline sentence of 7 to 14 years.8 Where a court does not
sentence a defendant based on an unconstitutional mandatory sentencing
statute, his sentence is not illegal on that ground. Commonwealth v.
Zeigler, 112 A.3d 656 (Pa. Super. 2015). See also Commonwealth v.
Russell, 209 A.3d 419, 424 (Pa. Super. 2019) (where trial court imposes
sentence in accordance with guidelines and does not sentence in accordance
with mandatory minimum sentencing scheme, appellant not entitled to relief
under Alleyne).
Because Brooks’ underlying Alleyne claim is meritless, PCRA counsel
cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to properly frame the issue in terms
of direct appellate counsel’s ineffectiveness. Ousley, supra (petitioner must
satisfy all three prongs of ineffectiveness test). Accordingly, the PCRA court
properly denied relief.
Order affirmed.
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8 The guideline range for the offense of IDSI-child under 13, with an offense
gravity score of 14, see 204 Pa.Code § 303.15, and Brooks’ prior record score
of zero, is 72 months to the statutory limit of 40 years. See id. at § 303.16(a).
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/10/2022
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