Com. v. Cradle, E. ( 2020 )

J-S05014-20
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
EMMANUEL CRADLE :
:
Appellant : No. 1046 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 11, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-41-CR-0000308-2018
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
EMMANUEL CRADLE :
:
Appellant : No. 1047 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 11, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-41-CR-0000349-2018
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
EMMANUEL CRADLE :
:
Appellant : No. 1048 MDA 2019
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered June 11, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-41-CR-0000648-2018
J-S05014-20
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED APRIL 17, 2020
Appellant, Emmanuel Cradle, appeals from the judgments of sentence
entered on June 11, 2019, following the revocation of his probation at three
trial court docket numbers: CP-41-CR-0000308-2018 (“308-2018”); CP-41-
CR-0000349-2018 (“349-2018”); and CP-41-CR-0000648-2018 (“648-
2018”). Appellant’s counsel has filed petitions to withdraw and a brief
pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and
Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009), which govern a
withdrawal from representation on direct appeal.1 After review, we grant
counsel’s petitions to withdraw and affirm the judgments of sentence.
The trial court summarized the relevant facts and procedural history of
these cases as follows:
This Opinion is written in support of this court’s judgment of
sentence dated June 11, 2019, which was issued following the
revocation of Appellant’s probation.
By way of background, on March 12, 2018, [Appellant]
entered a guilty plea to Count 2, receiving stolen property, a
misdemeanor of the first degree, under criminal docket number
308-2018, and the court sentenced him to one year of probation
under the supervision of the Lycoming County Adult Probation
Office.
____________________________________________
1 Appellant correctly filed separate notices of appeal at each docket number
in accordance with the Supreme Court’s directive in Commonwealth v.
Walker, 185 A.3d 969 (Pa. 2018). However, on July 26, 2019, this Court
consolidated the appeals sua sponte pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 513. After the
cases were consolidated, Appellant filed a single brief bearing all three docket
numbers.
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On March 19, 2018, [Appellant] entered a guilty plea to
Count 1, theft from a motor vehicle, a misdemeanor of the second
degree, under criminal docket number 349-2018, and the court
sentenced him to four to eight days’ incarceration to be followed
by one year of probation to be served consecutive to any and all
other sentences [Appellant] was serving.
On April 5, 2018, the court found probable cause that
[Appellant] had violated the conditions of his probation by
allegedly committing a retail theft (which occurred on March 25,
2018).
On June 1, 2018, [Appellant] entered a guilty plea to Count
1, retail theft, a misdemeanor of the second degree, under
criminal docket number 648-2018. The court revoked
[Appellant’s] probation under criminal docket number 308-2018
and resentenced him to 30 to 67 days’ incarceration followed by
one year [of] probation. Under criminal docket number 648-2018,
the court sentenced [Appellant] to one year of probation
consecutive to any and all sentences that [Appellant] was
presently serving.
On June 25, 2018, [Appellant] was detained for leaving his
approved residence and not obtaining an approved address. On
July 5, 2018, the court found that [Appellant’s] actions violated
the conditions of his probation. The court did not revoke his
probation, though. Instead, the court directed that he could not
be released on continuing probation until he submitted an
approved address and a release plan, which had to include mental
health services. On July 17, 2018, [Appellant] was released from
incarceration.
On July 23, 2018, a bench warrant was issued because
[Appellant] absconded from supervision.
On or about August 3, 2018, [Appellant] was arrested on
the bench warrant. He fought and struggled with the adult
probation officers and sheriffs who were arresting him. As a
result, he received new charges under criminal docket number
1395-2018.
On January 25, 2019, [Appellant] pled guilty to resisting
arrest and two counts of harassment under criminal docket
number 1395-2018. On March 19, 2019, the court sentenced him
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to an aggregate term of seven to eighteen months’ incarceration.
The court awarded [Appellant] credit for time served from
August 30, 2018. The court also revoked [Appellant’s] probation
under criminal docket numbers 308-2018, 349-2018, and 438-
2018[2] and resentenced him to serve one year of probation under
each criminal docket number to be served consecutive to each
other and consecutive to the sentence imposed under criminal
docket number 1395-2018. The court warned [Appellant] that if
he failed to comply with his conditions of supervision or if he
engaged in criminal conduct, the court might be left with no choice
but to warehouse him in a state correctional institution.
On April 11, 2019, [Appellant] was released from
incarceration. Within a matter of days or weeks, [Appellant]
violated the conditions of his supervision by failing to appear for
two consecutive sessions of the Partial Program at Crossroads
Counseling and by admitting to using THC on two separate
occasions.
On June 11, 2019, the court revoked [Appellant’s] probation
and resentenced him to: one to two years’ incarceration on Count
2, receiving stolen property, under criminal docket number 308-
2018; a consecutive one to two years’ incarceration on Count 1,
theft from a motor vehicle, under criminal docket number 349-
2018; guilt without further punishment on Count 3, possession of
drug paraphernalia, under criminal docket number 438-2018; and
a concurrent one to two years’ incarceration on Count 1, retail
theft, under criminal docket number 648-2018.1
1Under criminal docket number 1395-2018, the court
paroled [Appellant] to the sentence[s] imposed under
the other criminal docket numbers.
On June 21, 2019, [Appellant] filed a motion for
reconsideration of his probation violation sentences. He
requested the court to resentence him to a county sentence or
release him back to a treatment plan so that he could be close to
his mother and his family due to his rehabilitation needs, his
mental health issues, the lack of new criminal offenses, and his
mother’s diagnosis of lung cancer, which greatly affected him.
____________________________________________
2 The sentence at 438-2018 is not part of this appeal.
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The court summarily denied this motion [in an order filed on
June 25, 2019].
Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/19, at 1-3. On June 26, 2019, Appellant filed
appeals at 308-2018, 349-2018, and 648-2018. Both the trial court and
Appellant complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
As noted, counsel seeks to withdraw representation. Before we address
any questions raised on appeal, we must resolve appellate counsel’s request
to withdraw. Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 A.3d 1030 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(en banc). There are procedural and briefing requirements imposed upon an
attorney who seeks to withdraw on direct appeal. The procedural mandates
are that counsel must:
1) petition the court for leave to withdraw stating that, after
making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined that the appeal would be frivolous; 2) furnish a copy
of the brief to the defendant; and 3) advise the defendant that he
or she has the right to retain private counsel or raise additional
arguments that the defendant deems worthy of the court’s
attention.
Id. at 1032 (citation omitted).
In this case, we conclude that counsel satisfied these directives. Within
the petitions to withdraw,3 counsel averred that she conducted a review of the
record and pertinent legal research. Following that review, counsel concluded
that the present appeals are frivolous. Counsel sent Appellant a copy of the
____________________________________________
3 Counsel filed separate petitions to withdraw and letters to Appellant at each
Superior Court docket number. The petitions and attached letters were dated
November 26, 2019, and were filed in this Court on December 3, 2019.
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Anders brief and petitions to withdraw, as well as a letter, a copy of which is
attached to the petitions to withdraw. In the letter, counsel informed
Appellant that he could either represent himself or retain private counsel.
Appellant has not filed any additional documents with this Court.
We now examine whether the Anders brief satisfies our Supreme
Court’s dictates in Santiago, which provide that:
in the Anders brief that accompanies court-appointed counsel’s
petition to withdraw, counsel must: (1) provide a summary of the
procedural history and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer
to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports
the appeal; (3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is
frivolous; and (4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the
appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of
record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have
led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Cartrette, 83 A.3d at 1032 (quoting Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361).
If we determine that counsel has met the procedural and briefing
obligations, it becomes our responsibility “to make an independent
determination of the merits of the appeal.” Commonwealth v. Yorgey, 188
A.3d 1190, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc) (quoting Santiago, 978 A.2d
at 358). We review the issues identified by appellate counsel in the Anders
brief and “the record to insure no issues of arguable merit have been missed
or misstated.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v. Vilsaint, 893 A.2d 753, 755
(Pa. Super. 2006)).
Counsel’s brief is compliant with Santiago. The brief sets forth the
procedural history of this case, outlines pertinent case authority, and
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discusses counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous. Accordingly, the
procedural and briefing requirements for withdrawal have been met.
Counsel has identified the following issue that Appellant believes entitles
him to relief:
I. Did the trial court abuse its discretion when imposing an
aggregate resentence of 2 years to 4 years of incarceration in a
State Correctional Institution for subsequent probation violations?
Anders Brief at 6.4
This issue presents a challenge to the discretionary aspects of
Appellant’s sentence. It is well settled that a challenge to the discretionary
aspects of a sentence is a petition for permission to appeal, as the right to
pursue such a claim is not absolute. Commonwealth v. Treadway, 104
A.3d 597, 599 (Pa. Super. 2014). “An appellant must satisfy a four-part test
to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction when challenging the discretionary aspects
of a sentence,” by (1) preserving the issue in the court below, (2) filing a
timely notice of appeal, (3) including a Rule 2119(f) statement, and (4) raising
a substantial question for our review. Commonwealth v. Tejada, 107 A.3d
____________________________________________
4 In the Anders brief, counsel set forth an additional query: “Should an
application to withdraw as counsel be granted where counsel has investigated
the possible grounds of appeal and finds the appeal frivolous?” Anders Brief
at 6. We conclude that this is not an issue capable of providing Appellant
relief; rather, it asks whether counsel satisfied the requirements to withdraw
representation. We answer this question not as a separate issue, but as part
of our disposition of this appeal as a whole.
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788, 797 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted); Commonwealth v. Austin,
66 A.3d 798, 808 (Pa. Super. 2013).
In the instant case, Appellant filed timely appeals, the issue was
properly preserved in a post-sentence motion filed at each trial court docket,
and Appellant’s brief contains a statement of the reasons relied upon for
allowance of appeal with respect to the discretionary aspects of a sentence
pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f). Accordingly, we must determine whether
Appellant has raised a substantial question that the sentence is not
appropriate under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(b). Commonwealth v. Moury, 992
A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super. 2010).
The determination of whether there is a substantial question is made on
a case-by-case basis, and this Court will allow the appeal only when the
appellant advances a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions
were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code,
or (2) contrary to the fundamental norms which underlie the sentencing
process. Commonwealth v. Caldwell, 117 A.3d 763, 768 (Pa. Super.
2015). “Our inquiry must focus on the reasons for which the appeal is sought,
in contrast to the facts underlying the appeal, which are necessary only to
decide the appeal on the merits.” Commonwealth v. Knox, 165 A.3d 925,
929 (Pa. Super. 2017) (quoting Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362,
365 (Pa. Super. 2005)).
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Herein, Appellant asserts that the trial court abused its discretion when
it imposed a state sentence5 that was excessive and failed to take into
consideration his rehabilitative needs. Anders Brief at 9. We conclude that
Appellant has presented a substantial question. See Commonwealth v.
DiClaudio, 210 A.3d 1070, 1075 (Pa. Super. 2019) (stating that a claim that
a sentence is excessive, in conjunction with an assertion that the trial court
failed to consider mitigating factors, raises a substantial question).
“Sentencing is vested in the discretion of the trial court, and will not be
disturbed absent a manifest abuse of that discretion.” Commonwealth v.
Mrozik, 213 A.3d 273, 276 (Pa. Super. 2019) (citing Commonwealth v.
Downing, 990 A.2d 788, 792 (Pa. Super. 2010)). Herein, the trial court
addressed this issue as follows:
The court did not sentence [Appellant] out of partiality,
prejudice, bias or ill will. The court sentenced [Appellant] to state
incarceration, because nothing worked at the county level. See
N.T., June 11, 2019, at 28-39; 41-45.[6]
____________________________________________
5 Generally, where the maximum term of incarceration is more than two
years, the individual is committed to the Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections for confinement. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9762.
6 At the sentencing hearing, the trial court described in detail Appellant’s
repeated failures under county supervision. Specifically, the trial court noted
that Appellant threatened law enforcement, threatened probation officers, and
behaved in a volatile and aggressive manner. N.T., 6/11/19, at 28-29.
Moreover, the trial court stated that it was “well aware of his history.” Id. at
29. Despite numerous opportunities for rehabilitation, Appellant refused to
comply with the conditions of his probation. Id. at 29-30. The trial court
reiterated a statement from Appellant’s previous sentencing hearing wherein
the trial court warned that if Appellant did not change his behavior, the court
would have no choice but to impose a state sentence. Id. at 30.
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He refused to participate in the Mental Health Court
Program. He wanted the Job Corps program but then he changed
his mind and didn’t want to do that either. He was referred to a
group home back in 2017, and he left it. He was supposed to go
to the Sharwell Building so he could get a mental health
caseworker, but it did not follow through with going there. He had
services through the Mental Health Forensic Team. He was
supposed to complete the partial program. He went for one day
but then he did not return. He gave several reasons or excuses
for not completing the partial program including he found out his
mom had lung cancer, he had a job interview, he wanted to go to
individual rather than group counseling, and he didn’t want to be
bothered.
His approved address was at his grandfather’s residence but
he got kicked out for not following rules. When he was released
from incarceration, he was to stay at the American Rescue
Workers. He stayed one night and did not go back. He was
supposed to report to his probation officer as instructed but he did
not report and a bench warrant was issued for his arrest.
While he was incarcerated at the county prison, he began
receiving medications but they were stopped because he was non-
compliant with taking them as directed. He failed to follow the
rules in the county prison and received multiple write-ups and was
placed in disciplinary lock up. His infractions included interfering
with prison employees in the performance of their duties, refusing
to obey orders, disrupting prison routine, obstructing a security
camera, instigating a fight, damaging county property, and
disrespecting staff.
The court tried everything, but nothing worked. Therefore,
the court revoked [Appellant’s] probation and imposed a sentence
of state incarceration. Even with that sentence, however, by
making [Appellant] eligible for boot camp the court gave
[Appellant] the opportunity to participate in programming that
would provide him with the discipline and structure that he needs
and allow him to be released in a matter of months rather than
years. Unfortunately, like many of the programs and services
offered at the county level, [Appellant] is not willing to try, let
alone complete, boot camp.
Trial Court Opinion, 10/10/19, at 4-5.
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We agree with the trial court’s conclusion and we find this sentencing
challenge meritless. The trial court previously warned Appellant that if he
continued his failures to comply with county supervision, the court would
sentence Appellant to incarceration at a State Correctional Institution.
Additionally, although Appellant complains about the length of his prison term,
the duration of the aggregate sentence was due to the trial court ordering
Appellant to serve the sentences at 308-2018 and 349-2018 consecutively. It
is well settled that the “imposition of consecutive rather than concurrent
sentences rests within the trial court’s discretion.” Commonwealth v. Foust,
180 A.3d 416, 434 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation omitted). Criminal defendants
convicted of multiple offenses are not entitled to a “volume discount” on their
aggregate sentence. Id. Moreover, we point out that the trial court had the
option of running all of Appellant’s individual sentences consecutively, but it
chose not to do so. The trial court also noted Appellant’s history, personal
and family issues, and rehabilitative needs; nevertheless, the trial court
concluded that Appellant’s failures at rehabilitation and disruptive conduct
required the sentence imposed. After review, we discern no abuse of
discretion.
Finally, we have independently reviewed the record in order to
determine if counsel’s assessment about the frivolous nature of the present
appeal is correct. Yorgey, 188 A.3d at 1195. After review of the issue raised
by counsel and our independent review of the record, we conclude that an
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appeal in this matter is frivolous. Accordingly, we grant counsel’s petitions to
withdraw and affirm the judgments of sentence.
Petitions to withdraw as counsel granted. Judgments of sentence
affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 04/17/2020
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