Com. v. Goulbourne, I. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
IRVIN GOULBOURNE :
:
Appellant : No. 2574 EDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered September 21, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0700541-2002,
CP-51-CR-1203221-2002
*****
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
IRVIN GOULBOURNE :
:
Appellant : No. 2575 EDA 2019
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered September 21, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0700541-2002,
CP-51-CR-1203221-2002
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED AUGUST 10, 2020
Irvin Goulbourne appeals nunc pro tunc from the trial court’s order
dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),
42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After review, we affirm.
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The trial court set forth the relevant facts, procedural history and
reasons for dismissing Goulbourne’s petition as follows:
On May 2, 2003, [Goulbourne] was tried in absentia and found
guilty of four counts of possession with intent to deliver a
controlled substance (PWID) and one count of criminal conspiracy
on two separate [dockets]. The date of the offenses are
documented as July 18, 2001 on [Docket No.] CP-51-CR-
1203221-2002, and August 2, 2001 on [Docket No.] CP-51-CR-
0700541-2002. On June 24, 2003, [Goulbourne] was sentenced
to an aggregate [term] of 12 ½ to 25 years’ incarceration by the
Honorable Eugene Maier[,] Retired Senior Judge assigned to the
Superior Court. Goulbourne’s direct appeal was dismissed on
February 24, 2004, for failure to file a brief. []
On January 7, 2018, [Goulbourne] filed the instant amended PCRA
petition claiming that he is entitled to relief based upon [newly-
discovered facts] . . . alleging ongoing revelations of police
corruption involving Police Officers Thomas Liciardello and Lewis
Palmer, two officers involved in the prosecution of his case. In its
response to [Goulbourne]’s petition, the Commonwealth asserted
that the earliest date of verifiable police misconduct involving the
officers was February 2006. Following a thorough review of
[Goulbourne]’s submissions, the Commonwealth’s response and
the law regarding exceptions to the timeliness requirements of the
PCRA, the [c]ourt determined that it lacked jurisdiction to consider
the merits of [Goulbourne]’s PCRA petition as it was untimely, and
[Goulbourne] had failed to prove the applicability of an exception.
Following required [Pa.R.Crim.P. 907] notice, [Goulbourne]’s
petition was dismissed without a hearing. He now appeals.
On appeal, [Goulbourne] complains that the [c]ourt erred in
dismissing his petition without a hearing because his convictions
are based upon the testimony of corrupt police officers [who] the
Commonwealth believes are not credible. [Goulbourne] contends
that his claims require that his sentence be vacated.
[Goulbourne]’s contentions are incorrect. In early 2013, it was
confirmed that certain officers were under investigation by the FBI
and Philadelphia Police Department Internal Affairs for fabricating
narcotics arrests and other misconduct alleged to have occurred
between 2006 and 2012. Several officers were later federally
indicted. Review of the federal indictment reveals that the
allegations of police misconduct alleged therein encompassed the
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time period from 2006 through 2012. The Commonwealth
subsequently chose to review the integrity of criminal convictions
that occurred between those dates [that] involved the officers
under investigation/indictment, including Liciardello and Palmer.
PCRA relief was granted in a number of cases where those officers
played an integral role in the prosecution of the case.
Goulbourne’s arrests occurred in 2001, five years before the
earliest date of February 2006, and as such, do not fall within the
dates of alleged misconduct identified in the federal indictment or
by the Commonwealth. Therefore, [Goulbourne] has failed to
demonstrate the existence of unknown facts, namely[,] alleged
misconduct by officers involved in his arrest and prosecution which
occurred during the time of his arrest. When a petition is untimely
on its face, and the petitioner has not pled and proven an
exception, the petition must be dismissed without a hearing
because Pennsylvania courts are without jurisdiction to consider
the merits of the petition. [Commonwealth v. Hudson], 156
A.3d 1194, 1197 ([Pa.[]Super.] 2017) [(citing Commonwealth
v. Taylor, [65 A.3d 462 (Pa.[]Super. 2013))].
PCRA Court Opinion, 12/518, at 1-4 (internal footnotes omitted).
Instantly, the September 21, 2018 order denying Goulbourne’s petition
lists the two docket numbers of the underlying cases. On September 21,
2018, Goulbourne filed a single notice of appeal from that order, which also
lists the two separate docket numbers. Our Court quashed the notice of
appeal based on Commonwealth v. Walker, 185 A.3d 969 (Pa. 2018), which
requires the filing of “separate appeals from an order that resolves issues
arising on more than one docket.” Id. at 977. We concluded that “[t]he
failure to file separate appeals under these circumstances ‘requires the
appellate court to quash the appeal.’” Commonwealth v. Goulbourne,
2754 EDA 2018 (Pa. Super. filed April 16, 2019) (judgment order). The trial
court reinstated Goulbourne’s appellate rights on August 23, 2019. On
September 4, 2019, Goulbourne filed two separate nunc pro tunc notices of
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appeal, each containing the two docket numbers below.1 Goulbourne also
filed a timely court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. He presents the following issue for our
consideration: “Did the PCRA court err in dismissing [Goulbourne’s] PCRA
petition without a hearing because [his] convictions are based upon the
testimony of corrupt police officers that the Commonwealth believes are not
credible and [Goulbourne’s] judgment of sentence should be vacated following
remand for an evidentiary hearing?” Appellant’s Brief, at 4.
Before addressing Goulbourne’s claim on appeal, we must first resolve
a procedural issue presented in the case. In Commonwealth v. Williams,
206 A.3d 573 (Pa. Super. 2019), this Court recently explained:
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 341(a) directs that “an
appeal may be taken as of right from any final order of a
government unit or trial court.” Pa.R.A.P. 341(a). “The Official
Note to Rule 341 was amended in 2013 to provide clarification
regarding proper compliance with Rule 341(a)[.]” []Walker, 185
A.3d [at] 976[.] The Official Note now reads:
Where . . . one or more orders resolves issues arising on
more than one docket or relating to more than one
judgment, separate notices of appeals must be filed.
Commonwealth v. C.M.K., [] 932 A.2d 111, 113 & n.3 (Pa.
Super. 2007) (quashing appeal taken by single notice of
appeal from order on remand for consideration under
Pa.R.Crim.P. 607 of two [defendants]’ judgments of
sentence).
Pa.R.A.P. 341, Official Note.
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1On October 15, 2019, our Court granted Goulbourne’s “Motion to Consolidate
[his] Two Separately Docketed Appeals” by order, pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 513.
Order, 10/15/19. The order was entered “without prejudice for the merits
panel to quash either or both appeals upon review.” Id.
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Id. at 575.
In Walker, our Supreme Court found the above-language constituted
“a bright-line mandatory instruction to practitioners to file separate notices of
appeal.” Walker, 185 A.3d at 976-77. Accordingly, the Walker Court held
that “the proper practice under Rule 341(a) is to file separate appeals from an
order that resolves issues arising on more than one docket. The failure to do
so requires the appellate court to quash the appeal.” Id. at 977 (emphasis
added). The Court made its holding prospective, recognizing that “[t]he
amendment to the Official Note to Rule 341 was contrary to decades of case
law from this Court and the intermediate appellate courts that, while
disapproving of the practice of failing to file multiple appeals, seldom quashed
appeals as a result.” Id. Furthermore, the Walker Court directed that “in
future cases Rule 341 will, in accordance with its Official Note, require that
when a single order resolves issues arising on more than one lower court
docket, separate notices of appeal must be filed. The failure to do so will
result in quashal of the appeal.” Id. (emphasis added).
Recently, our full Court revisited the Walker holding in
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 2020 Pa. Super. 164 (Pa. Super. filed July 9,
2020) (en banc) and Commonwealth v. Larkin, 2020 Pa. Super. 163 (Pa.
Super. filed July 9, 2020) (en banc). In those cases our Court concluded that
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“in so far as Creese[2] stated ‘a notice of appeal may contain only one docket
number[,]’ . . . that pronouncement is overruled.” See Johnson, supra at
*12 (emphasis in original); see also Larkin, supra at *3 (recognizing that
Johnson “expressly overruled Creese to the extent that Creese interpreted
Walker as requiring the Superior Court to quash appeals when an appellant,
who is appealing from multiple docket numbers, files notices of appeal with all
of the docket numbers listed on each notice of appeal.”). Additionally, both
cases reaffirmed the holding3 in Commonwealth v. Stansbury, 219 A.3d
157 (Pa. Super. 2019), where we declined to quash an appeal when a pro se
defendant filed a single notice of appeal listing two docket numbers. In that
case the trial court advised the defendant “that he has thirty day from this
day, to file “a written notice of appeal to the Superior Court.” Id. at 159
(emphasis in original). Our Court concluded that the defendant had been
misinformed by the trial court, which amounted to a “breakdown in the court
system” and excused the defendant’s lack of compliance with Walker. Id. at
160.
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2 See Commonwealth v. Creese, 216 A.3d 1142, 1144 (Pa. Super. 2019)
(construing mandates of Walker to mean that “we may not accept a notice
of appeal listing multiple docket numbers, even if those notices are included
in the records of each case.”).
3 In fact, Larkin extended the Stansbury holding to all defendants, whether
represented or pro se. See Larkin, supra at *6 (“We agree with the panel
in Stansbury and reaffirm its holding that we may overlook the requirements
of Walker where, as here, a breakdown occurs in the court system, and a
defendant is misinformed or misled regarding his appellate rights.”).
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Similar to the defendant in Larkin, Goulbourne filed the same notice of
appeal for his two cases below; that notice listed both trial court docket
numbers. Since it “is of no consequence” that Goulbourne’s notice of appeal
contained more than one docket number, Johnson, supra at *11; Larkin,
supra at *3, and because Goulbourne complied with Walker by “fil[ing]
separate appeals from an order that resolves issues arising on more than one
docket,” id. at 977, we decline to quash the appeal for violating Walker and
its attendant requirements.4 Therefore, we shall proceed to address the issue
Goulbourne raises on appeal.
On appeal from the denial of PCRA relief, we must determine whether
the PCRA court’s findings are supported by the record and whether the order
is otherwise free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Blackwell, 647 A.2d
915, 920 (Pa. Super. 1994). We will not disturb the PCRA court’s findings
unless they have no support in the record. Id.
Generally, a petition for PCRA relief, including a second or subsequent
petition, must be filed within one year of the date the judgment is final. See
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). There are, however, exceptions to the time
requirement. Where the petition alleges, and the petitioner proves, that an
exception to the time for filing the petition is met, the petition will be
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4 We also note that quashal is unnecessary for an alternative reason. Because
the order informing Goulbourne of his appellate rights stated that he “ha[s]
thirty (30) days from the date of the order [dismissing his PCRA petition] to
file a [n]otice of [a]ppeal to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania,” Order,
9/21/18, a breakdown in the court system occurred. See Larkin, supra at
*6; Stansbury, supra at 159.
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considered timely. These exceptions include interference by government
officials in the presentation of the claim, newly-discovered facts or evidence,
and an after-recognized constitutional right. See id. at §§ 9545(b)(1)(i),(ii),
and (iii). A PCRA petition invoking one of these exceptions must “be filed
within 60 days of the date the claims could have been presented.” See also
id. at §9545(b)(2).5 The timeliness requirements of the PCRA are
jurisdictional in nature and, accordingly, a PCRA court cannot hear untimely
petitions. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 837 A.2d 1157 (Pa. 2003).
Here, Goulbourne’s judgment of sentence became final on March 5,
2004, when the time expired for him to file a petition for allowance of appeal
following our Court’s dismissal of his direct appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1113. Thus,
Goulbourne had one year from that date, or until March 5, 2005, to file a
timely PCRA petition. He filed his petition on January 7, 2018, nearly fourteen
years too late. Accordingly, unless Goulbourne pleads and proves an
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5 Section 9545(b)(2) was amended on October 24, 2018, effective in 60 days
(Dec. 24, 2018), extending the time for filing from sixty (60) days of the date
the claim could have been presented, to one year. The amendment “shall
apply only to claims arising one year before the effective date of this section[,
December 24, 2017] or thereafter. See Editor’s Notes, Act 2018, Oct. 24,
P.L. 894, No. 146, § 3. Here, the 60-day time limit in section 9545(b(2)
applies to Goulbourne’s petition, as his claims arose in 2015 after Officer
Liciardello’s federal indictment was published and Goulbourne was
represented by counsel, more than one year before the effective date of the
amendment.
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exception to the PCRA time bar, the PCRA court was without jurisdiction to
consider his petition and properly dismissed it as untimely.
To overcome the PCRA time bar, Goulbourne attempts to invoke the
“newly-discovered facts” exception, set forth in section 9545(b)(1)(ii).
Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) provides an exception to the time bar where “the facts
upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could
not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9545(b)(2)(ii). Goulbourne raises the alleged corruption of two former police
officers, Thomas Liciardello and Lewis Palmer, who “played a pivotal role in
[his] arrest[.]” Appellant’s Brief, at 5. He asserts that because his “conviction
is based upon the testimony of corrupt police officers that the Commonwealth
believes are not credible, [his] judgment of sentence should be vacated [and
the case] remand[ed] for an evidentiary hearing and a new trial.” Id. at 6.6
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6 Because Goulbourne’s petition is untimely, he must first plead and prove
the “newly-discovered fact” exception before arguing a substantive after-
discovered evidence claim. Succinctly put, pleading and proving the exception
under section 9545(b)(1)(ii) is a threshold issue before a petitioner can prove
a claim under section 9543(a)(2).
In Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa. 2017), our Supreme Court
explained the interplay between the PCRA’s newly-discovered facts exception
and an after-discovered evidence claim in an otherwise timely petition under
section 9543(a)(2) as follows:
The newly-discovered facts exception to the time limitations of the
Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] §§ 9541-9546,
as set forth in 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9545(b)(1)(ii), is distinct from the
after-discovered evidence basis for relief delineated in 42
Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9543(a)(2). To qualify for an exception to the
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In July 2014, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) indicted
Liciardello, in addition to five other Philadelphia narcotics officers, for allegedly
abusing their positions to rob and extort suspected drug dealers and falsifying
police reports to cover up their criminal actions. The indictment alleged
Liciardello’s criminal actions occurred between February 2006 and November
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PCRA’s time limitations under subsection 9545(b)(1)(ii), a
petitioner need only establish that the facts upon which the claim
is based were unknown to him and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence. However, where a
petition is otherwise timely, to prevail on an after-discovered
evidence claim for relief under subsection 9543(a)(2)(vi), a
petitioner must prove that (1) the exculpatory evidence has been
discovered after trial and could not have been obtained at or prior
to trial through reasonable diligence; (2) the evidence is not
cumulative; (3) it is not being used solely to impeach credibility;
and (4) it would likely compel a different verdict.
Commonwealth v. D'Amato, [] 856 A.2d 806, 823 (Pa. 2004);
see [Commonwealth v.] Cox, 146 A.3d [221,] 227-28 [(Pa.
2016)] (“Once jurisdiction has been properly invoked (by
establishing either that the petition was filed within one year of
the date judgment became final or by establishing one of the three
exceptions to the PCRA's time-bar), the relevant inquiry becomes
whether the claim is cognizable under [Section 9543] of the
PCRA.”).
Id. at 629 (emphasis added). See also Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930
A.2d 1264, 1270 (Pa. 2007) (reference to after-discovered evidence was
“misnomer, since the plain language of subsection (b)(1)(ii) does not require
the petitioner to allege and prove a claim of ‘after-discovered evidence.’”).
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2012.7 In October 2010, Palmer was found guilty of interception of
communications committed in 2009 against his former wife.8
Here, Goulbourne has neither pled the date he discovered the alleged
police misconduct information, nor proven that he exercised due diligence in
discovering this information as required under subsection 9545(b)(2). He has
also failed to include any evidence demonstrating that he raised the police
misconduct claims within 60 days of the date they could have been presented.
In fact, because Liciardello’s federal indictment was published in 2014 and his
acquittal in federal court occurred on May 14, 2015,9 Goulbourne should have
filed his petition within 60 days of the latter date.10 Instead, he filed his
petition in January 2018 —almost three years later.11
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7 See https://abc7.com/arrested-officers-corruption-investigation/228811
(last visited 6/18/20).
8 Goulbourne’s claim regarding Palmer is based solely on his status as a
convicted felon and not that Palmer’s criminal conviction in 2010 was
somehow involved in his prosecution and conviction. Appellant’s Brief, at 5.
9See
https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/20150515_Six_narcotics_officers_acq
uitted_in_federal_corruption_trial.html (last visited 6/18/20).
10We give Goulbourne the benefit of the doubt and use the latter date, May
2015, as he was represented by counsel in February 2015, and we do not
presume a pro se defendant has access to public information. See Burton,
158 A.3d at 638 (presumption that information in public domain is known to
PCRA petitioners cannot apply to incarcerated petitioners).
11 The same analysis holds true for Goulbourne’s claim regarding Palmer.
Here, Palmer’s conviction occurred in 2010 – Goulbourne filed his petition
eight years later in 2018. He does not explain when he learned of this public
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Accordingly, because Goulbourne has failed to plead and prove an
exception to save his otherwise untimely PCRA petition, the court did not have
the power to address the merits of his PCRA claims. Commonwealth v.
Brown, 111 A.3d 171, 176 (Pa. Super. 2015). Thus, the PCRA court properly
dismissed his petition as untimely.12
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/10/20
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information and does not put forth any evidence demonstrating that he raised
that police misconduct claim within 60 days of the date it could have been
presented.
12 Even if Goulbourne had successfully proven a section 9545(b)(1) exception,
because he was convicted in absentia on May 2, 2003 —three years before
Officer Liciardello allegedly engaged in his misconduct and seven years before
Officer Palmer’s conviction— the officers’ conduct did not occur during their
involvement with Goulbourne’s case. Thus, an after-discovered evidence
claim under section 9543(a)(2)(vi) would likely be unsuccessful as it would
not compel a different verdict.
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