Com. v. Bohlen, J. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
JOSEPHINE EDITH BOHLEN, : No. 1358 MDA 2019
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 18, 2019,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County
Criminal Division at No. CP-22-CR-0003315-2018
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED APRIL 24, 2020
Josephine Edith Bohlen appeals from the July 18, 2018 judgment of
sentence entered in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County after she
was found guilty, in a bench trial, of simple assault and disorderly conduct.1
Appellant received a sentence of nine months’ probation for simple assault
and a concurrent sentence of nine months’ probation for disorderly conduct.
Counsel has filed a petition to withdraw and a brief pursuant to
Anders/Santiago.2 After careful review, we affirm the judgment of sentence
and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2701(a)(1) and 5503(a)(1), respectively.
2Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); Commonwealth v. Santiago,
978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).
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The record reflects that on April 1, 2018, Officer Anthony Glass was
dispatched to a McDonald’s restaurant, located inside a Walmart, for a
disorderly customer who refused to leave the premises. (Notes of testimony,
7/18/19 at 30.) The customer was later identified as appellant. (Id. at
30, 31.) The manager of the McDonald’s reported that after appellant placed
and paid for her order, she became irate with the cashier, alleging that she
was being disrespected. (Id. at 6, 7.) As appellant was creating a commotion,
her money was refunded, and she was asked to leave by the manager. (Id.
at 7, 10, 31.) Even after being informed that the police would be called,
appellant became confrontational and refused to leave. (Id.) After being
advised by the responding police officer that she would be arrested for
trespassing if she continued to refuse to leave, appellant exited the restaurant.
(Id. at 32.)
Officer Glass observed appellant walk out and turn the corner. (Id.
at 32.) Suddenly, appellant came “flying” back at a full sprint with a closed
fist and struck the victim3 in the face. (Id. at 21, 32.) Appellant grabbed the
victim by her hair, pulling out one of the victim’s braids in the process, and
delivered multiple strikes to her face. (Id. at 21, 22, 32, 35, 36.)
Officer Glass separated the two and placed appellant under arrest. (Id.
at 32.) The entire encounter was caught on video. (Id. at 11-14; 19-22.)
3 The victim was a Walmart employee leaving work.
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Following her convictions, appellant was sentenced on July 18, 2019.
No post-sentence motions were filed. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal.
On August 23, 2019, counsel filed a statement of intent to file an Anders brief
with the trial court. The trial court did not file a Rule 1925(a) opinion. (Trial
court’s letter to this court, 8/29/19.)
On December 16, 2019, appellant’s counsel filed both an Anders brief
and a petition to withdraw. Appellant’s Anders brief raises the following
issue:
Should appellate counsel be permitted to withdraw as
counsel because any appellate issues in the instant
case are frivolous?
Anders brief at 4 (full capitalization omitted).4
As a preliminary matter, to withdraw under Anders, court-appointed
counsel must satisfy certain technical requirements. First, counsel must
“petition the court for leave to withdraw and state that after making a
conscientious examination of the record, [s]he has determined that the appeal
is frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Martuscelli, 54 A.3d 940, 947 (Pa.Super.
2012), quoting Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Second, counsel must file an
Anders brief, in which counsel:
(1) provide[s] a summary of the procedural history
and facts, with citations to the record; (2) refer[s] to
anything in the record that counsel believes arguably
supports the appeal; (3) set[s] forth counsel’s
conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
4 The Commonwealth has not filed a brief in this matter. (Commonwealth’s
letter to this court, 12/16/19.)
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(4) state[s] counsel’s reasons for concluding that the
appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the
relevant facts of record, controlling case law, and/or
statutes on point that have led to the conclusion that
the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
With respect to the briefing requirements, “[n]either Anders nor
McClendon requires that counsel’s brief provide an argument of any sort, let
alone the type of argument that counsel develops in a merits brief. [W]hat
the brief must provide under Anders are references to anything in the record
that might arguably support the appeal.” Santiago, 978 A.2d at 359, 360.
Counsel must furnish a copy of the Anders brief to her client and
“advise[] [her] of h[er] right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se or raise
any additional points that [s]he deems worthy of the court’s attention, and
attach[] to the Anders petition a copy of the letter sent to the client.”
Commonwealth v. Daniels, 999 A.2d 590, 594 (Pa.Super. 2010) (citation
omitted). “[If] counsel has satisfied the above requirements, it is then this
Court’s duty to conduct its own review of the trial court’s proceedings and
render an independent judgment as to whether the appeal is, in fact wholly
frivolous.” Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 291 (Pa.Super.
2007) (en banc) (quotation marks and quotation omitted).
Here, counsel’s Anders brief substantially complies with prevailing law.
Counsel has provided a summary of the procedural history and facts of the
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case.5 (Anders brief at 5.) Although counsel’s Anders brief phrases the
issue in terms of whether she should be permitted to withdraw because any
appellate issues are frivolous, counsel raises a sufficiency of the evidence
claim but concludes that “[a]ppellant’s appeal is frivolous and without merit.”
(Id. at 4, 9-11, 12.)
Finally, counsel’s correspondence to appellant, together with her
petition to withdraw, indicates that counsel provided appellant with a copy of
the Anders brief and that she thoroughly reviewed the record, concluding that
an appeal would be frivolous. (Counsel’s correspondence to appellant,
12/16/19; counsel’s petition to withdraw as counsel at ¶¶ 3-5.) In her
correspondence, counsel advises appellant of her right to either retain new
counsel or “to file a response brief pro se (on your own) in order to reply to
[counsel’s] assertion of frivolousness.” (Counsel’s correspondence to
appellant, 12/16/19 (emphasis added).) Counsel further advised appellant
that she may raise any additional points she deems worthy of this court’s
attention. (Id.) As such, counsel has substantially complied with the
procedural requirements of Anders. We, therefore, proceed to conduct an
independent review to ascertain whether the appeal is indeed wholly frivolous.
5 Counsel cites to the record with respect to the procedural history, but not
the factual history. (Anders brief at 5-7.)
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In the Anders brief, counsel challenges the sufficiency of the evidence.
With respect to a sufficiency of the evidence challenge, our standard of review
is as follows:
We must view all the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict winner, giving that party the
benefit of all reasonable inferences to be drawn
therefrom. Additionally, it is not the role of an
appellate court to weigh the evidence or to substitute
our judgment for that of the fact-finder.
Commonwealth v. Alford, 880 A.2d 666, 669-670 (Pa.Super. 2005),
appeal denied, 890 A.2d 1055 (Pa. 2005), quoting Commonwealth v.
Gruff, 822 A.2d 773, 775 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied, 863 A.2d 1143(Pa. 2004) (citations omitted).
Appellant was convicted of simple assault and disorderly conduct. A
person is guilty of simple assault if he attempts to cause or intentionally,
knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another. 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 2701(a)(1). As to disorderly conduct:
A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with intent
to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or
recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:
(1) engages in fighting or threatening, or in
violent or tumultuous behavior[.]
18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503(a)(1).
In counsel’s Anders brief, counsel states that she reviewed the
testimony of the victim and the police officer and acknowledges that the
incident was captured by video surveillance. (Id. at 9-11.) Counsel then
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concludes that the evidence was sufficient to sustain appellant’s convictions.
(Id. at 11.)
Here, a careful review of the transcript supports the trial court’s verdict
and counsel’s assessment. The record reflects that the incident began with
appellant’s causing a commotion in the McDonald’s and refusing to leave.
After speaking with the police, appellant exited the McDonald’s but then
proceeded to run back and assault the victim. The assault was viewed by the
officer and captured on video. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable
to the Commonwealth, as verdict winner, we conclude the record supports the
convictions. Accordingly, we find that appellant’s sufficiency claim is frivolous.
We note that within the Anders brief, counsel states that a challenge to
the weight of the evidence would be frivolous because appellant did not
preserve a weight claim with the trial court as required by Pennsylvania Rule
of Criminal Procedure 607(A). Nonetheless, Anders requires this court to
examine issues otherwise waived and determine them on the merits.
Commonwealth v. Lilley, 978 A.2d 995, 998 (Pa.Super. 2009) (citation
omitted).
Our standard of review of a weight of the evidence claim is as follows:
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the
exercise of discretion, not of the underlying question
of whether the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence. Because the trial judge has had the
opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented,
an appellate court will give the gravest consideration
to the findings and reasons advanced by the trial
judge when reviewing a trial court’s determination
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that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence.
One of the least assailable reasons for granting or
denying a new trial is the lower court’s conviction that
the verdict was or was not against the weight of the
evidence and that a new trial should be granted in the
interest of justice.
Commonwealth v. Clay, 64 A.3d 1049, 1055 (Pa. 2013) (citations omitted;
emphasis omitted).
The weight of the evidence is exclusively for the finder
of fact who is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence and to determine the credibility of the
witnesses. An appellate court cannot substitute its
judgment for that of the finder of fact. Thus, we may
only reverse the lower court’s verdict if it is so
contrary to the evidence as to shock one’s sense of
justice.
Commonwealth v. Morgan, 913 A.2d 906, 909 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal
denied, 927 A.2d 623 (Pa. 2007); Commonwealth v. Devine, 26 A.3d
1139, 1146 (Pa.Super. 2011), appeal denied, 42 A.3d 1059 (Pa. 2012).
Here, the court, sitting as fact-finder, was free to believe or disbelieve
the witnesses. See Morgan, 913 A.2d at 909. Moreover, we cannot
substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder. See Devine, 26 A.3d at
1146. Based on our review of the record, appellant’s convictions did not shock
one’s sense of justice and were not against the weight of the evidence.
Accordingly, appellant’s weight of the evidence claim would be frivolous.
Finally, our independent review of the entire record reveals no additional
non-frivolous claims. Therefore, we grant counsel’s petition to withdraw and
affirm appellant’s July 18, 2019 judgment of sentence.
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Judgment of sentence affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/24/2020
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