Com. v. Benitez-Rosado, J. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JUAN JOSE BENITEZ-ROSADO :
:
Appellant : No. 849 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order April 23, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of York County Criminal Division at No(s):
CP-67-CR-0005492-2011
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., OTT, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED: OCTOBER 30, 2020
Appellant, Juan Jose Benitez-Rosado, appeals from the order denying
his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
In response to Appellant’s direct appeal from the judgment of sentence,
the trial court summarized the underlying facts of this case as follows:
All of this conduct occurred on three separate nights in June,
2011 in the living room of the house [Appellant] and [Victim’s]
older half-sister were living in …. [Victim] and her parents were
staying there while on vacation and, since the house is small,
[Victim], her half-sister and [Appellant] all slept in the living room
and [Victim’s] parents slept in the nearby bedroom.
The first incident occurred while [Victim’s] half-sister was
sleeping on the couch and [Victim] was lying down on an air
mattress near the couch watching television. [Appellant], who
was sitting at a computer table in another part of the room, got
up from where he was, went over to [Victim] and tried to kiss her
on the lips. [Victim] did not give [Appellant] permission to do this.
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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The second incident occurred while [Victim] was lying down
on the couch and [Appellant] and [Victim’s] half-sister were lying
down on the air mattress near the couch. As [Victim] was
beginning to fall asleep, [Appellant] reached up and touched her
breasts with his hand and put his fingers in her vagina. [Victim]
did not give [Appellant] permission to do this.
The third incident occurred while [Victim], her half-sister
and [Victim’s] nephew were sleeping on the air mattress near the
couch and [Appellant], who was lying down on the couch, grabbed
[Victim] by the back of her neck and forced his penis into her
mouth. [Victim] did not give [Appellant] permission to do this.
Trial Court Opinion, 2/8/13, at 2-3 (emphases and citations to record
omitted).
On July 11, 2012, a jury convicted Appellant of two counts each of
aggravated indecent assault and indecent assault, and one count each of
involuntary deviate sexual intercourse and corruption of minors. 1 On
October 22, 2012, the trial court sentenced Appellant to serve an aggregate
term of incarceration of ten to twenty years, which included a mandatory
minimum sentence for the aggravated indecent assault conviction under 42
Pa.C.S. § 9718(a)(1).
On January 30, 2014, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence.
Commonwealth v. Benitez-Rosado, 472 MDA 2013, 96 A.3d 1096 (Pa.
Super. filed January 30, 2014) (unpublished memorandum). Appellant did
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1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3125(a)(1) & (8); 3126(a)(1) & (8); 3123(a)(7); and
6301(a)(1), respectively.
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not file a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court.
Appellant filed a timely first PCRA petition on November 3, 2014, and
the PCRA court appointed counsel. The PCRA court denied relief on May 16,
2016. On appeal, this Court determined that Appellant’s sentence was illegal
because the mandatory sentencing statute had been ruled facially
unconstitutional. Therefore, we reversed the order of the PCRA court, vacated
Appellant’s judgment of sentence, and remanded for resentencing. On
March 31, 2017, the trial court resentenced Appellant to serve an aggregate
term of incarceration of ten to twenty years.
On September 1, 2017, Appellant filed a pro se document seeking to
challenge his sex offender registration requirements pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189, 1193 (Pa. 2017).2 The
Commonwealth filed a response to the pro se filing on September 20, 2017.
On September 21, 2017, Appellant’s counsel filed an amended PCRA petition.3
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2 We observe that Appellant’s filing is listed on the PCRA court docket as
“correspondence” having been filed on September 1, 2017. However, the
actual document is not included in the certified record before us on appeal.
3 After the enactment of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act
(“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.42, our Supreme Court determined
that the SORNA registration provisions are punitive in nature and that
retroactive application of SORNA’s requirements violates both the
Pennsylvania and federal ex post facto clauses. Muniz, 164 A.3d at 1193.
Furthermore, the punitive nature of SORNA impacts the legality of a sex
offender’s sentence. Commonwealth v. Butler, 173 A.3d 1212, 1215 (Pa.
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A hearing was held on November 9, 2017. On April 23, 2018, the PCRA court
denied Appellant’s petition. This timely appeal followed. Both Appellant and
the PCRA court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant presents the following issue for our review:
ISSUE #1: While Appellant’s PCRA petition was pending,
the General Assembly passed Act 10 of 2018, purportedly
amending SORNA to be in compliance with the Supreme Court’s
decision in Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189 (Pa. 2017).
The PCRA court denied Appellant’s petition on that basis.
However, Appellant's sentence is still illegal under Act 10.
Subchapter I, which applies to Appellant, is no less punitive than
SORNA: it does virtually nothing to alter the registration
requirements the Muniz Court deemed so onerous as to constitute
punishment. Just like SORNA, Subchapter I cannot be
retroactively applied to Appellant due to the punitive nature of the
Act being essentially the same as SORNA, the statute it replaced.
Imposing Subchapter I against Appellant is thus an illegal
sentence. Because SORNA was improperly applied to Appellant
and has now been supplanted by the equally inapplicable
Subchapter I, Appellant has no duty to register as a sex offender.
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
When reviewing the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, we
consider the record “in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the
PCRA level.” Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 872 (Pa. Super.
2015) (quoting Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014)
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Super. 2017), appeal granted, 190 A.3d 581 (Pa. 2018). Therefore,
Appellant’s claims challenging the application of SORNA’s registration
requirements are issues concerning the legality of a sentence and are
cognizable under the PCRA. Commonwealth v. Greco, 203 A.3d 1120, 1123
(Pa. Super. 2019) (citing Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402, 405-
406 (Pa. Super. 2018), appeal denied, 195 A.3d 559 (Pa. 2018)).
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(en banc)). This Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of
record supports the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is
free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 139 A.3d 178, 185 (Pa.
2016). The PCRA court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no
support for them in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Lippert, 85 A.3d
1095, 1100 (Pa. Super. 2014).
A PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the date that the
judgment of sentence becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment
of sentence “becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including
discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the
review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3). This time requirement is mandatory and
jurisdictional in nature, and the court may not ignore it in order to reach the
merits of the petition. Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 79 A.3d 649, 651
(Pa. Super. 2013).
However, an untimely petition may be received when the petition
alleges, and the petitioner proves, that any of the three limited exceptions to
the time for filing the petition, set forth at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and
(iii), is met.4 See Commonwealth v. Perrin, 947 A.2d 1284, 1286 (Pa.
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4 The exceptions to the timeliness requirement are:
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Super. 2008) (to properly invoke a statutory exception to the one-year time-
bar, the PCRA demands that the petitioner properly plead all required
elements of the relied-upon exception).
As previously noted, Appellant’s judgment of sentence was affirmed by
this Court on January 30, 2014. Benitez-Rosado, 96 A.3d 1096. However,
Appellant did not file a petition for allowance of appeal with the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court. Accordingly, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final
on March 3, 2014,5 thirty days after the time for filing a petition for allowance
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(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown
to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in
this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
5 We note that a petition for allowance of appeal needed to be filed on or
before Monday, March 3, 2014, because March 1, 2014, was a Saturday. See
1 Pa.C.S. § 1908 (stating that, for computations of time, whenever the last
day of any such period shall fall on Saturday or Sunday, or a legal holiday,
such day shall be omitted from the computation).
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of appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court expired.6 See 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(3) (providing that “a judgment becomes final at the conclusion of
direct review, including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the
United States and the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of
time for seeking the review.”); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). Thus, Appellant had until
March 3, 2015, to file a timey PCRA petition. The instant PCRA petition, filed
in 2017, is patently untimely.
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6 We are compelled to discuss the effect that the PCRA court’s resentencing
of Appellant on March 31, 2017, had upon the instant PCRA petition. Appellant
properly exercised his direct appeal rights, and his first PCRA petition resulted
in relief in the form of a corrected sentence. Thus, the relief granted to
Appellant as a result of his first PCRA did not affect the adjudication of guilt
but rather, merely the sentence imposed. In this regard, this Court has
explained that “[b]ecause the purpose of the PCRA is to prevent a
fundamentally unfair conviction, Commonwealth v. Carbone, 707 A.2d
1145, 1148 (Pa. Super. 1998), and the issue of [the] appellant’s conviction
was not disturbed on the prior PCRA action, we find that this [PCRA] petition
constitutes [the] appellant’s second attempt at collateral relief.”
Commonwealth v. Dehart, 730 A.2d 991, 994 (Pa. Super. 1999).
Subsequently, in Commonwealth v. McKeever, 947 A.2d 782, 785-786 (Pa.
Super. 2008), we reiterated the holding in Dehart that “a successful first
PCRA petition does not ‘reset the clock’ for the calculation of the finality of the
judgment of sentence for purposes of the PCRA where the relief granted in the
first petition neither restored a petitioner’s direct appeal rights nor disturbed
his conviction, but, rather, affected his sentence only. We reached this
conclusion because the purpose of the PCRA is to prevent an unfair conviction.
Id., 730 A.2d at 994 n. 2.” Hence, because Appellant’s successful first PCRA
petition did not reset the clock for the calculation of the finality of the
judgment of sentence for purposes of the instant PCRA petition, we employ
the date of Appellant’s original judgment of sentence for calculating finality.
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As stated, if a petitioner does not file a timely PCRA petition, his petition
may be received under any of the three limited exceptions to the timeliness
requirements of the PCRA. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). If a petitioner asserts
one of these exceptions, he must file his petition within sixty days of the date
that the exception could be asserted.7 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(2).
Appellant appears to take the position that his PCRA petition is timely
because he was resentenced on March 31, 2017. However, for the reasons
discussed supra in footnote 6, Appellant’s petition was not timely filed.
Furthermore, Appellant fails to satisfy the “newly recognized constitutional
right” exception to the time-bar under Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) by arguing that
the registration requirement imposed upon him pursuant to the Sexual
Offenders Notification Act (“SORNA”) is unconstitutional under our Supreme
Court’s July 19, 2017 decision in Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189 (holding SORNA’s
registration provisions are punitive and retroactive application of SORNA’s
provisions violates the ex post facto clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution).
Regarding this exception, our Supreme Court explained:
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7 On October 24, 2018, the General Assembly amended section 9545(b)(2),
extending the time for filing a petition from sixty days to one year from the
date the claim could have been presented. 2018 Pa. Legis. Serv. Act 2018-
146 (S.B. 915), effective December 24, 2018. The amendment applies only
to claims arising one year before the effective date of this section, which is
December 24, 2017, or thereafter. Here, Appellant’s alleged claim arose on
July 19, 2017, the date that the decision in Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164
A.3d 1189 (Pa. 2017), was filed. Therefore, the amendment is inapplicable
because the decision in Muniz preceded December 24, 2017.
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Subsection (iii) of Section 9545(b)(1) has two requirements.
First, it provides that the right asserted is a constitutional right
that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time provided in this
section. Second, it provides that the right “has been held”
by “that court” to apply retroactively. Thus, a petitioner must
prove that there is a “new” constitutional right and that the right
“has been held” by that court to apply retroactively. The
language “has been held” is in the past tense. These words
mean that the action has already occurred, i.e., “that court”
has already held the new constitutional right to be
retroactive to cases on collateral review. By employing the
past tense in writing this provision, the legislature clearly
intended that the right was already recognized at the time
the petition was filed.
Commonwealth v. Copenhefer, 941 A.2d 646, 649-650 (Pa. 2007) (quoting
Commonwealth v. Abdul-Salaam, 812 A.2d 497, 501 (Pa. 2002))
(emphases added).
We have held that Muniz created a substantive rule of constitutional
law that must apply retroactively in timely PCRA proceedings.
Commonwealth v. Rivera–Figueroa, 174 A.3d 674, 678 (Pa. Super. 2017).
Thereafter, in Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402 (Pa. Super. 2018),
appeal denied, 195 A.3d 559 (Pa. 2018), we stated the following:
[W]e acknowledge that this Court has declared that, “Muniz
created a substantive rule that retroactively applies in the
collateral context.” Commonwealth v. Rivera-Figueroa, 174
A.3d 674, 678 (Pa. Super. 2017). However, because Appellant’s
PCRA petition is untimely (unlike the petition at issue in Rivera-
Figueroa), he must demonstrate that the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court has held that Muniz applies retroactively in order to satisfy
section 9545(b)(1)(iii). See [Commonwealth v.] Abdul-
Salaam, [812 A.2d 497, 501 (Pa. 2002)]. Because at this time,
no such holding has been issued by our Supreme Court, Appellant
cannot rely on Muniz to meet that timeliness exception.
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Murphy, 180 A.3d at 405-406. Thus, in Murphy we held that the substantive
rule recognized in Muniz does not establish a timeliness exception to the
PCRA. Hence, no exceptions apply to exempt Appellant from failing to meet
the timeliness requirement of the PCRA.8
In conclusion, because Appellant’s PCRA petition was untimely and no
exceptions apply, the PCRA court lacked jurisdiction to address the issues
presented and grant relief. See Commonwealth v. Fairiror, 809 A.2d 396,
398 (Pa. Super. 2002) (holding that PCRA court lacks jurisdiction to hear
untimely petition). Likewise, we lack the authority to address the merits of
any substantive claims raised in the PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
Judge Ott did not participate in the consideration or decision of this case.
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8 Although we do not reach the merits of the claim presented, we recognize
that on July 21, 2020, while this appeal was pending in this Court, our
Supreme Court decided Commonwealth v. Lacombe, ____ A.3d ____, 2020
WL 4150283 (Pa. filed July 21, 2020), wherein it addressed the issue of
whether, despite the differences between Subchapter I and the original
SORNA statute, Subchapter I remains punitive and its retroactive application
unconstitutional under an ex post facto analysis. The Court in Lacombe
ultimately “[held] Subchapter I does not constitute criminal punishment, and
the ex post facto claims forwarded … necessarily fail.” Id. at *18. Hence,
had we not concluded that the PCRA petition was untimely and addressed the
merits of Appellant’s issue presented on appeal, we necessarily would
conclude that Appellant’s claim lacks merit.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/30/2020
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