Com. v. Morrissey, J. ( 2021 )


Menu:
  • J-A23020-20
    NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.0.P. 65.37
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
    : PENNSYLVANIA
    JENNIFER MORRISSEY
    Appellant : No. 962 EDA 2019
    Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 1, 2019
    In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Criminal Division at
    No(s): CP-09-CR-0007677-2017
    BEFORE: KUNSELMAN, J., NICHOLS, J., and PELLEGRINI, J.*
    MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED MARCH 17, 2021
    Appellant Jennifer Morrissey appeals from the judgment of sentence
    imposed following a jury trial and convictions for first-degree murder,
    possession of an instrument of crime, and tampering with or fabricating
    physical evidence.! Appellant challenges several statements by the trial court
    as allegedly erroneous, among other issues. For the reasons that follow, we
    affirm.
    We adopt the facts and procedural history set forth in the trial court’s
    opinion. See Trial Ct. Op., 12/27/19, at 1-6, 8. We add that Appellant did
    not object to the trial court’s allegedly erroneous statements at issue in this
    * Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
    118 Pa.C.S. §§ 2502(a), 907(a), and 4910(1), respectively.
    J-A23020-20
    appeal, which were quoted in the trial court’s opinion. Id, at 4-5. Appellant
    did not file a post-sentence motion but filed a timely notice of appeal. On
    April 3, 2019, the trial court ordered Appellant to comply with Pa.R.A.P.
    1925(b) within twenty-one days. On August 12, 2019, Appellant filed an
    untimely Rule 1925(b) statement.2
    Appellant raises the following issues:
    1. Did the trial court err in using the terms, “will prove”, important,
    and “significant” in its jury instructions and comment throughout
    the trial[?]
    2. Did the trial court err in not permitting the testimony of
    witnesses who had physical struggles with [the] victim[? ]
    3. Did the trial court err in not limiting the fruits of the illegal
    interrogation of Appellant[?]
    Appellant’s Brief at 1, 9, 10.
    We briefly summarize Appellant’s argument in support of her first issue.
    Appellant contends that the trial court erred in stating that the
    2 This Court’s docket states that on April 30, 2019, the trial court gave
    Appellant a forty-five day extension of time within which to file a Rule 1925(b)
    statement. Docket, 962 EDA 2019. The trial court’s docket and certified
    record, however, do not reflect any such request for or grant of extension of
    time. In any event, even if a counseled Rule 1925(b) statement in a criminal
    matter was untimely filed, “this Court may decide the appeal on the merits if
    the [trial] court had adequate opportunity to prepare an opinion addressing
    the issues being raised on appeal.” Commonwealth v. Burton, 
    973 A.2d 428
    , 433 (Pa. Super. 2009) (en banc). Because the trial court filed a
    responsive Rule 1925(a) opinion, we decline to remand. See id.; see also
    Pa.R.A.P. 1925(c)(3).
    J-A23020-20
    “a
    Commonwealth’s opening statement would refer to evidence that “will prove
    Appellant’s guilt. Id. at 6. Appellant also challenges the trial court’s
    description of a toxicology report that it refused to give to the jury during its
    deliberations as “significant.”4 Id. at 8. Appellant additionally argues that
    the court erred in describing the upcoming testimony of a Commonwealth’s
    expert witness as “important.”” Id.
    3 Specifically, Appellant’s argument refers to the following comment by the
    trial court before opening statements: “The Commonwealth will begin by
    making an opening statement outlining what witnesses and/or evidence they
    expect to present and how that testimony or evidence will prove the
    defendant's guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” N.T. Trial, 1/24/19, at 7.
    4 Appellant apparently references the trial court’s response to the jury’s mid-
    deliberation request to take the toxicology report back to the jury room. See
    N.T. Trial, 2/1/19, at 27. The trial court responded:
    I’m not permitted to give you the toxicology report to take back
    to the jury room, but I can display it to you on the screen and
    read it to you. It’s a significant report, but I’m going to ask you,
    again, if you can narrow down what it is that you're looking for,
    because there’s finding that may not be relevant to the issue in
    this case....
    Id.
    > Appellant was referring to the trial court’s comments to the jury before
    dismissing it for the day. N.T. Trial, 1/28/19, at 207. Specifically, after noting
    that the Commonwealth would be calling an expert witness the next day, the
    trial court stated:
    It’s been a long day. I think that we will end today now, come
    back tomorrow morning, start fresh. It’s important testimony,
    and it may be challenging testimony to understand. I’m not sure.
    I haven't heard it. But I think that we will do better starting
    tomorrow morning.
    J-A23020-20
    This Court has held:
    [o]ur Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure and our case law
    set forth the well-established requirements for preserving a claim
    for appellate review. “Issues not raised in the lower court are
    waived and cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”
    Pa.R.A.P. 302(a).
    Commonwealth v. Phillips, 
    141 A.3d 512
    , 522 (Pa. Super. 2016); see also
    Commonwealth v. Smith, 
    213 A.3d 307
    , 309 (Pa. Super. 2019) (stating “it
    is axiomatic that issues are preserved when objections are made timely to the
    error or offense.” (citation omitted and some formatting altered)), appeal
    denied, 
    223 A.3d 1286
     (Pa. 2020). A necessary corollary is that if a court is
    unaware of a particular issue, then it cannot act on it. “We have explained
    that if appellate courts were to consider issues not raised in the trial court,
    then the trial would become a dress rehearsal and would give an unfair
    advantage to the ill-prepared advocate.” Commonwealth v. Dennis, 
    695 A.2d 409
    , 411 (Pa. 1997) (citation omitted). We may also affirm on any basis.
    Commonweatith v. Clouser, 
    998 A.2d 656
    , 661 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2010).
    Here, Appellant failed to object to any of the statements at issue, and
    therefore failed to preserve her arguments for appellate review. See Pa.R.A.P.
    302(a); Dennis, 695 A.2d at 411; Phillips, 141 A.3d at 522. Regardless,
    even if Appellant preserved her claims, we would agree with the trial court’s
    Id.
    J-A23020-20
    resolution of her issues on the merits. See Trial Ct. Op. at 4-7; see also
    Pa.R.Crim.P. 647(E) (permitting trial court to issue additional instructions to
    the jury as the court deems necessary). We therefore hold Appellant is due
    no relief, albeit on partially different grounds. See Clouser, 
    998 A.2d at
    661
    n.3.
    In support of her second issue, we reproduce Appellant’s argument in
    its entirety:
    During pre-trial motions the trial [court] decided that two young
    ladies who knew the victim and had been in his house on previous
    occasions could not testify. The general reason or basis for their
    testimony were that they had been in the [victim’s] house, knew
    he like[d] to tussle, especially since he did it with them. This
    testimony would have been used to help corroborate the
    Appellant’s defense that there was a struggle for the gun in
    question. Although it is difficult to put a victim on trial it is
    necessary on occasion. This was one of those occasions as the
    victim like[d] to have young women in his home and he liked to
    get physical.
    The testimony was denied thereby depriving the Appellant the
    opportunity to present witnesses to assist in her defense.
    Appellant’s Brief at 9 (Some formatting altered).
    Instantly, a review of the Commonwealth's pre-trial omnibus motion and
    the transcript of the hearing resolving all of the parties’ pre-trial motions,
    reveals that Appellant did not object, discuss, or argue about any “young
    ladies” who knew the victim, let alone that the victim liked to “tussle” with
    them. Further, there is no indication that the trial court issued a ruling on this
    point. Therefore, Appellant waived the issue. See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a); Trial Ct.
    Op. at 7 (noting that this “allegation of error is not clearly or explicitly stated”
    -5-
    J-A23020-20
    and that “Appellant did not attempt to present testimony or any other
    evidence regarding the victim’s past conduct or interactions with a younger
    female”). Moreover, Appellant waived the issue by failing to cite or discuss
    any applicable legal authorities. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119. Indeed, Appellant’s
    table of authorities cites only to Pennsylvania’s Suggested Standard Criminal
    Jury Instructions. Appellant’s Brief at ii.
    In any event, by way of background, Appellant opposed the
    Commonwealth's pretrial motion to exclude a 2005 protection from abuse
    (PFA) petition filed by the victim’s ex-wife against the victim. N.T. Pretrial
    Hr’g, 11/19/18, at 56. Appellant wished to have the PFA admitted into
    evidence but the trial court granted the Commonwealth’s motion because
    Appellant was unaware of the PFA and therefore she could not use it to bolster
    any theory of self-defense. Here, the record did not include any mention of
    any young women who liked to “tussle” in the PFA to arguably support
    Appellant’s argument. See Pa.R.A.P. 2119. Accordingly, we affirm on the
    basis of the trial court’s opinion. See Trial Ct. Op. at 7-8 (stating the reasons
    why it excluded the PFA, which included that Appellant was unaware of the
    allegations in the PFA). For these reasons, Appellant is not due relief. See
    also Clouser, 
    998 A.2d at
    661 n.3.
    For her final issue, we note that Appellant’s brief stated she would
    abandon it. Appellant’s Brief at 1. However, in her summary of the
    arguments, Appellant outlined her argument for her third issue, specifically
    -6-
    J-A23020-20
    alleging that the trial court erred by not prohibiting “the fruits of [her]
    interrogation.” Id. at 5. Appellant asserts that “the Commonwealth learned
    the identity of a potential co-defendant and eventually a Commonwealth
    witness.” Id. In sum, Appellant is arguing that although the trial court
    granted her motion to suppress the police interrogation, the trial court erred
    by not suppressing the fruits, /.e., the aforementioned identity of the potential
    co-defendant. See id.
    Even if Appellant did not abandon her issue, we nonetheless agree with
    the trial court that Appellant waived this issue for appellate review due to her
    vague Rule 1925(b) statement. See Trial Ct. Op. at 4; Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b);
    Commonwealth v. Dowling, 
    778 A.2d 683
    , 686-87 (Pa. Super. 2001)
    (holding that a Rule 1925(b) statement “which is too vague to allow the court
    to identify the issues raised on appeal is the functional equivalent of no
    Concise Statement at all”). The trial court stated that it “cannot even guess
    the underlying basis for this allegation of error. As such, we respectfully
    request that this allegation be dismissed or considered waived.” See Trial Ct.
    Op. at 8. Accordingly, for these reasons, we affirm the judgment of sentence.
    Judgment of sentence affirmed.
    J-A23020-20
    Judgment Entered.
    seph D. Seletyn, Esq
    Prothonotary
    Date: 3/17/2021
    ~ Circulat ed onal 0 93:01 PM
    = ra
    co HI
    21.19
    (A
    IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
    CRIMINAL DIVISION
    COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
    CP-09-CR-0007677-2017
    Vv.
    JENNIFER MORRISSEY
    OPINION
    Jennifer Morrissey (“Appellant”) appeals to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from our
    judgment of sentence entered on April 30, 2019. We file this Opinion pursuant to Pennsylvania
    Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(a).
    1 FACTUAL HISTORY
    On August 8, 2017, pursuant to a 9-1-1 phone call, members of the Upper Makefield Police
    Department responded to 1050 River Road in Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania. Upon arrival,
    Officers discovered a male occupant of the residence unresponsive with a single gunshot wound
    to the head. The victim, identified as Michael McNew, was determined to be deceased. No
    weapon was found in the vicinity of the body. A shell casing was found to the right of the chair
    in which McNew was sitting. The scene was otherwise undisturbed, and there was no sign of a
    struggle.
    Appellant, a live-in girlfriend of the victim, was developed as a suspect. Her cell phone
    was seized and searched pursuant to a warrant. The phone contained user deleted chat files created
    on August 6, 2017, immediately prior to the estimated time of McNew’s death. These files were
    part of an ongoing argument between Appellant and McNew regarding her relationship status with
    another man. As part of this argument, Appellant threatened to come to McNew’s house and kill
    him. Appellant’s cell phone revealed it had auto-connected to the wireless router at McNew’s
    home at 9:37 p.m. on August 6, 2017, establishing the phone was within 150 feet of the router at
    the time of the connection. The time of connection was within the estimated parameters of the
    time of McNew’s death. Experts using cell tower technology were able to trace the location of
    Appellant’s cell phone during several critical periods of time.
    In an interview with police, Appellant insisted she had not resided with McNew for several
    months and knew nothing about his death. However, Appellant testified at trial that she killed
    McNew by accident when the gun unintentionally went off. She ran from the house, then returned
    a few hours later to-make the crime scene look like a robbery. The next day she sent texts and
    facebook messages to the victim despite knowing he was dead. Appellant never called the police.
    Throughout her testimony, Appellant shifted her testimony between an accidental shooting and a
    ‘shooting in self-defense.
    li. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
    Appellant was arrested and charged with criminal homicide and related offenses on August
    25,2017. A preliminary hearing was held on November 6, 2017 and all charges were held for
    court. Arraignment in the Court of Common Pleas was on December 8, 2017. Pre-trial motions
    were filed by both sides and hearings were held on said motions on August 16 and November 19,
    2018. Orders deciding all pre-trial motions were filed on January 10 and 16, 2019. A jury trial
    was conducted over the course of eight days from January 22 until February 1, 2019. At this trial,
    twenty-three (23) witnesses (including Appellant) testified and eighty-six (86) exhibits were
    entered into evidence. After more than ten (10) hours of deliberation, the jury found Appellant
    guilty of Ist Degree Murder,’ Tampering with Physical Evidence,” and Possessing an Instrument
    ofaCrime? The jury found Appellant not guilty of Burglary* and Criminal Trespass.”
    On March 1, 2019, Appellant was sentenced to serve a term of incarceration in a state
    correctional institution for Life Without Parole for the charge of 1st Degree Murder. No further
    penalty was imposed on the remaining charges. On March 29, 2019, Appellant timely filed a
    Notice of Appeal to the Superior Court. On April 2, 2019, this Court directed Appellant to file a
    Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Rule 1925(a).
    Wl. STATEMENT OF MATTERS COMPLAINED OF ON APPEAL
    In compliance with this Court’s Order, Appellant timely asserted the following issues,
    verbatim, on appeal:
    1. The Court, on three occasions when addressing the jury made comments
    that were clearly biased for the prosecution and detrimental to. the
    Defendant’s defense and right to a fair and impartial trial.
    a. In the opening remarks the Court stated: The Commonwealth will
    begin by making an opening statement outlining what witnesses
    and/or evidence they expect io present and how that testimony or
    evidence will prove the Defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable
    doubt. (Day 2- N.T. lines 20-25, p. 7) (emphasis in original);
    b, On another occasion, when the Court was giving end of the day
    instructions, the Court stated: “the next witness for the
    Commonwealth is an expert witness who may take some period of
    time to testify... It’s important testimony, and it may be
    challenging to understand.” (Day 4- N.T. p.27- lines 14-18)
    (emphasis in original);
    c. The Court also made a comment about evidence while the jury was
    in the midst of deliberation, when they came back into the room with
    requests to see evidence. The evidence in question was the
    Toxicology Report. The Court stated: “Im [sic] not permitted to
    give you the toxicology report to take back to the jury room, but I
    can display it to you on the screen and read it.to you. It’s a
    118 Pa.C.S. §2501(a); 18 Pa.C.S. §2501(b)
    218 Pa.C.S. § 4910(1) — Tamper with Physical Evidence
    3 18 Pa.C.S. § 907(a) — Poss. Inst. Of Crime
    418 Pa.C.S. § 3502(a)(1Gi) — Burglary
    518 Pa.C.S. § 3503(a) —Criminal Trespass
    iV.
    significant report...” (Day 8- N.T. p.27- lines 14-18) (emphasis in
    original);
    2. The court erred in denying the Defendant the opportunity to present
    testimony regarding the victim’s past conduct, especially with younger
    female.
    3. The Court granted Defendant’s request to exclude her interrogation of
    August 28, 2017. However, the Court failed to exclude any and all
    information that was the fruit of this interrogation or stemmed from the
    inappropriate interrogation.
    DISCUSSION
    Appellant claims we made comments to the jury that were clearly biased for the
    prosecution and detrimental to the Defendant’s defense and right to a fair and impartial trial. This
    is simply not true.
    The first comment Appellant challenges occurred during our preliminary instructions to
    the jury. Appellant claims our instruction that the prosecutor will begin by making an opening
    statement outlining their case and how that “testimony or evidence will prove the defendant’s guilt
    beyond a reasonable doubt” was somehow biased. This statement explains to the jury the purpose
    of an opening statement — to give an overview of the anticipated evidence and how that evidence
    relates to the legal burden of proof. Appellant’s emphasis on words that were not emphasized is
    misleading but does not establish error.
    In context, we gave the following preliminary instructions, verbatim:
    So let me now tell you how this case is going to proceed. The Commonwealth will
    begin by making an opening statement outlining what witnesses and/or evidence they
    expect to present and how that testimony or evidence will prove the defendant’s guilt
    beyond a reasonable doubt. This is a criminal case, and in a criminal case the defendant is
    presumed to be innocent unless and until the Commonwealth proves their guilt beyond a
    reasonable doubt.
    The Commonwealth has the burden to prove each element of each criminal charge
    filed against the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt. If they fail to do so, you must find
    the defendant not guilty.
    Once ‘testimony is closed, the attorneys will have an opportunity to present closing
    arguments to you, which is their opportunity to summarize the evidence and argue why
    4
    that evidence either does or does not establish the defendant’s. guilt beyond a reasonable
    doubt.
    N.T. 01/24/19, pp. 7-8, 10 (emphasis added).
    In addition, after'closing arguments, but before the jury was sent to deliberate, we gave the:
    following instructions, verbatim:
    Furthermore, the defendant is presumed innocent throughout the trial, unless and
    until you conclude, based on careful and impartial consideration of the evidence, the
    Commonwealth has proven her guilty beyond areasonable doubt. It is not the defendant’s
    burden to prove [that] she is not guilty. Instead, it is the Commonwealth that always has
    the burden of proving each and every element of the crime charged, and that the defendant
    is guilty of that crime, beyond a reasonable. doubt.
    The person accused of a crime is not required to present evidence, or prove anything
    in his or her own defense. If the-Commonwealth’s evidence fails to meet its burden, then
    your verdict must be not guilty. On the other hand, if the Commonwealth’s evidence does
    prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty, then your verdict should be
    guilty.
    N.T. 01/31/19, pp. 195-96.
    Appellant is inappropriately emphasizing a portion of one sentence from all of our
    instructions to the jury, misreading it, and alleging it is clearly biased for the prosecution. She
    uses the same formula for her second comment. Appellant asserts we erred by telling the jury that
    the next witness was to give “important testimony.” Specifically, we stated to the jury:
    All right. Ladies and gentlemen, the next witness for the Commonwealth is an
    expert witness who: may take some period of time to testify, longer than an hour. It’s been
    along day. I think that we will end today now, come back tomorrow morning, start fresh.
    It’s important testimony, and it may be challenging testimony to understand. I’m not sure.
    I haven’t heard it. But I think that we will do better starting tomorrow morning.
    N.T. 01/28/19, pp. 206-07.
    This statement was made at the end of testimony in the late afternoon on the fourth day of
    trial. Witnesses had already provided over nine (9) hours of testimony and the next. scheduled
    witness was Detective Anthony Vega. We had previously instructed the jury that all evidence
    jntroduced during trial was important. We stated the expected testimony was important testimony.
    5
    We did not state it was more important than any other testimony. In fact, we told the jury that we
    had not yet heard the testimony and were not sure of its complexity.
    Appellant also asserts we erred when addressing the jury’s request to have the toxicology
    report in the jury zoom. This report was admitted into evidence as Commonwealth Exhibit twenty-
    one (21). It was admitted through the testimony of Dr. Zhongxue Hua and consists of a three (3)
    page report authored by Denice Teem from National Medical Service Labs. In denying the jury’s
    request to take the report to the jury room, we made the following statement:
    I’m not permitted to give you the toxicology report to take back to the jury room, but I can
    display it to you on the screen and read it to you. It’s a significant report...
    N.T. 02/01/19, pp. 27 (emphasis added).
    As with the previous comments, Appellant places emphasis where there was none. This
    was a passing reference contained in an explanation to the jury of an evidentiary ruling. It is
    difficult to understand how a reference to a toxicology report as a “significant report” is
    “detrimental to the Defendant’s defense and right to a fair and impartial trial.”
    Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure 647(E) governs the discretion given to the trial
    judge in addressing the jury during a criminal trial:
    “The trial judge may give any other instructions to the jury before the taking of evidence
    or at anytime during the trial as the judge deems necessary and appropriate for the jury's
    guidance in hearing the case.”
    Further; the explanatory comment explains that this Rule:
    “recognizes the value of jury instructions to juror comprehension of the trial process. It
    is intended that the trial judge determine on a case by case basis whether instructions before
    the taking of evidence or at anytime during trial are appropriate or necessary to assist the
    jury in hearing the case. The judge should determine what instructions to give based on the
    particular case, but at a minimum the preliminary instructions should orient the jurors to
    the trial procedures and to their duties and function as jurors. In addition, it is suggested
    that the instructions may include such points as note taking, the elements of the crime
    charged, presumption of innocence, burden of proof, and credibility.”
    Comment Paragraph (E), Pa. R. Crim P. 647(B).
    Further, an instruction by a judge to the jury “will be upheld if it clearly, adequately, and
    accurately reflects the law.” Commonwealth v. Spotz, 
    759 A.2d 1280
    , 1287 (Pa. 2000). A trial
    judge has wide latitude in explaining difficult legal concepts to the jury; any explanation is
    permissible to the extent that the statements accurately convey the law. Commonwealth _v.
    Hawkins, 701 A.2d.492 (Pa. 1997). In Spotz, Appellant challenged a judge’s instruction to the
    jury, stating that the judge “over-emphasized the relevance of the evidence.” Id. at 1287. The
    Pennsylvania Supreme Court held the instruction was proper, since it accurately explained the law.
    Id.
    In this case, we thoroughly explained to the jury concepts regarding burden of proof,
    presumption of innocence, credibility of witnesses, and the role of the jury. Our instructions were
    accurate and intended to be considered as a whole.. To the extent that any of our iristructions were
    deficient if viewed alone, it is respectfully submitted that.said deficiencies were cured by reading
    all instructions as a whole.
    Next, Appellant claims we erred in denying her the opportunity to present testimony
    regarding the victim’s past conduct, especially with a younger female. This allegation of error is
    not clearly or explicitly stated. During trial, Appeliant did not attempt to present testimony or any
    other evidence regarding the victim’s past conduct or interactions with a younger female.
    Accordingly, we can only guess that Appellant is appealing our pre-trial decision granting the
    Commonwealth’s Motion to Exclude Divorce and PFA Records of the victim at trial.
    If the allegation does relate to this decision, we note that a hearing was held on November
    19, 2018 regarding the Commionwealth’s motion. More specifically, the Commonwealth
    requested a pre-trial ruling that allegations contained in a petition filed pursuant to the Protection
    From Abuse (PFA) Act against the victim be excluded from trial in this case. We determined: (1)
    the allegations were more than ten (10) years old; (2) the allegations were not part of a criminal
    investigation; (3) there was not a conviction resulting from the allegations; (4) there was not.a
    hearing regarding the allegations; (5) the defendant was not aware of the allegations. Accordingly,
    applying established case law, Commonwealth v. Ignatavich, 
    482 A.2d 1044
     (Pa. Super. Ct. 1984),
    we granted the Commonwealth’s motion. If Appellant is now claiming we erred by not admitting
    the aforesaid allegations into evidence, we respectfully submit that her allegation of error is so
    vague that it is functionally equivalent to no concise statement at all and Appellant has waived this
    contention. See Tucker v. R.M. Tourts, 
    939 A.2d 343
     (Pa. Super. Ct. 2007); Commonwealth v.
    Heggins, 
    809 A.2d 908
     (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002).
    Appellant filed a pre-trial Motion to Suppress statements made by her while in police
    custody on August 28,2017. We held a hearing on this Motion on November 19, 2018. Thereafter,
    we made Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law and granted Appellant’s Motion to Suppress.
    Our Findings of Fact were based on the testimony and evidence presented at the hearing. Our
    Conclusions of Law were based on the Findings of Fact. Appellant has not alleged or demonstrated
    error in these Findings or Conclusions. She now claims we “failed to exclude any and all
    information that was the fruit of this interrogation or stemmed from the inappropriate
    interrogation.” However at trial, Appellant did not object to any testimony or other evidence on
    the grounds it was the fruit of, or stemmed from, the August 28, 2017 interview. She has neither
    alleged, nor demonstrated, a single instance where information that was the fruit of, or stemmed
    from the August 28, 2017 interview, was used against her. We can not-even guess the underlying
    basis for this allegation of error. As such, we respectfully request that this allegation be dismissed
    or considered waived.
    V. CONCLUSION
    WHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons, it is respectfully submitted this Honorable
    Court DENY and DISMISS the relief requested by Appellant.
    BY THE COURT:
    pare: (4/27/1219 “Keane mH gh
    RAYMOND F. MCHUGH, J.
    of ine avuve
    Commonwealth of PA v. Jennifer Morrissey
    No. 7677-2017
    Copies to:
    Harry J. Cooper, Esquire
    Via email: supergolfer925@aim.com
    Christopher Rees, Esquire
    Via email: cwrees(@buckscounty.org
    Superior Court of Pennsylvania
    530 Walnut Street
    Suite 315°
    Phila., PA 19106