Cummins, J. v. Cummins, W. ( 2015 )

J-S07031-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
JAMES CUMMINS IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant
v.
WANDA CUMMINS
Appellee No. 1071 MDA 2014
Appeal from the Order Entered May 23, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County
Civil Division at No(s): 10-0445
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., OLSON, J., and OTT, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED APRIL 22, 2015
James Cummins (Husband) appeals from the order of equitable
distribution entered on May 23, 2014, in the Court of Common Pleas of
Centre County, following a divorce decree entered on February 25, 2014.
On appeal, Husband raises a single issue for our review:
Whether the [trial court] erred as a matter of law and/or abused
its discretion in failing to include certain federal and state tax
liabilities otherwise acquired during the time of marriage in the
marital estate – and by failing to apportion that debt [between]
the parties to the divorce for the purpose of equitable
distribution?
Husband’s Brief at 7. Based upon the following, we affirm.
Husband and appellee, Wanda Cummins (Wife) were married on March
23, 2003. This is the second marriage of Wife and the third marriage of
Husband. Husband is 48 years of age and Wife is 59 years of age. Wife has
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an adult son by her previous marriage. The parties separated in January,
2010. On February 2, 2010, Husband filed a complaint in divorce, including
a claim for equitable distribution.
On February 25, 2014, the trial court conducted a hearing of
Husband’s equitable distribution claim, and the parties stipulated to the
entry of a divorce decree. On the same date, the trial court entered an
order bifurcating the divorce from the equitable distribution, entering a final
divorce decree, and retaining jurisdiction over the unresolved issue of
equitable distribution.
The trial court issued its opinion and order on May 23, 2014, deciding
the issue of equitable distribution. For purposes of background, we quote
the trial court’s May 23, 2014 discussion of the relevant factors set forth in
23 Pa.C.S. § 3502, regarding the distribution of marital property, in part:
 Liabilities and needs of each party.
Husband is in debt. Husband is indebted to the IRS in the
amount of $98,000.00 and the Pennsylvania Department of
Revenue in the amount of $19,379.81. Husband is indebted to a
doctor in the amount of $34,000.00. The parties also incurred
marital liabilities in Husband’s name for a Sears credit card with
a balance of $1,600.00; a First Energy electric bill with a balance
of $1,339.55; an AT&T phone bill with a balance of $589.89 and
a Pennsylvania American water bill with a balance of $600.00.
Husband also owes $2,150.00 to Jamey Myers as a result of a
judgment entered against Husband involving the use of the Little
Restaurant property.
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 The sources of income of both parties, including, but
not limited to, medical, retirement, insurance, and
other benefits.
During the course of the marriage, Husband was self-
employed as a truck driver and operator, earning approximately
$100,000/year. He is now unemployed and receives workers’
compensation in the amount of approximately $2,547.00 gross
per month. He received his G.E.D. in 1983 and worked as a truck
driver throughout the marriage. Husband testified that he cannot
work due to his back injury and will not be able to do so in the
foreseeable future. He does not have health insurance but has
approximately $400.00 in a post-marital 401K plan.
During the course of the marriage, Wife managed the Philipsburg
Dollar General, earning approximately $600/week. Wife has a
high school education, completed real estate school, has a CNA
certification, and is a licensed hair stylist, but the parties agree
that she is also unable to work in the foreseeable future due to
her back injury. She is now unemployed and receives SSDI in
the amount of $865/month. She has health insurance but does
not have any retirement savings.
 The contribution or dissipation of each party in the
acquisition, preservation, depreciation, or
appreciation of the marital property, including the
contribution of a party as homemaker.
During the marriage the parties worked, but they lived beyond
their means and were unable to manage their finances. The
parties purchased a marital home in Rush Township, Centre
County, on October 13, 2003 for the sum of $130,000.00 and
had a mortgage against the property in the amount of
$144,500.00. Prior to separation, Wife used $18,000.00,
representing her lump sum SSDI payment, toward the
mortgage. The parties were at significant risk of losing their
marital residence approximately one year prior to separation,
and the bank eventually did foreclose on the same in 2010.
Husband’s tractor and trailer, which he relied on to make his
living, were repossessed due to failure to pay loans. At the time
of separation, the parties were also behind on their utility bills.
 The value of the property set apart to each party.
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The Little Restaurant property is the most significant asset
that the parties still own. The Court finds that this property is
marital property ….
The property must be listed for sale with a qualified real
estate agent and any proceeds must be split equitably by the
parties. The parties purchased the property from Scott and Janet
Finnegan on March 8, 2005, for the sum of $40,000.00 with a
mortgage in the amount of $54,500.00. When the parties
separated in 2010, there was a balance of $12,000.00 owed to
the Finnegans. Husband paid the value of the mortgage down to
$200.00 as of the time of the hearing. Accordingly, Husband is
entitled to the first $11,800.00 of the proceeds of the sale of the
Little Restaurant property. The parties shall split the remaining
proceeds with Wife receiving 50% and Husband receiving 50%.
The parties shall keep the personal property in each party’s
possession. The parties testified that the value of these
possessions is approximately $1,500.00 each.
… The Court finds that although certain utility bills are listed in
Husband’s name alone, they are all marital debts. The Court
finds that the tax liens against Husband and the amount owed to
his doctor are his debt alone. Taking into account Husband’s
age, his current income which is greater than that of Wife, and
his earning potential, as well as his considerable debt
obligations, the Court distributes the remaining utility debts as
follows: [$2,789.99 to Husband and $1,339.55 to Wife].
See Trial Court Opinion, 5/23/2014, at 2, 3–6 (emphasis added). The court
ordered:
1. Husband must list for sale the property known as the Little
Restaurant property with a qualified real estate agent. Husband
is entitled to the first $11,800.00 of the proceeds of the sale of
the Little Restaurant property. The parties shall split the
remaining proceeds with Wife receiving 50% and Husband
receiving 50%.
2. Husband is solely responsible for the taxes he owes to the IRS
and the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue.
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3. Husband is solely responsible for the Centre County judgment
in the amount of $2,150.00.
4. The parties shall keep the personal property in each party’s
possession.
5. The marital debt, which has a value of $4,129.54, shall be
distributed in a 68/32 manner, with 68%, or $2,789.99, being
the sole responsibility of Husband, and 32%, or $1,339.55,
being the sole responsibility of Wife. …
Order, 5/23/2014.
This appeal by Husband timely followed.1
Our standard of review in equitable distribution is well settled:
A trial court has broad discretion when fashioning an award of
equitable distribution. Our standard of review when assessing
the propriety of an order effectuating the equitable distribution
of marital property is “whether the trial court abused its
discretion by a misapplication of the law or failure to follow
proper legal procedure.” We do not lightly find an abuse of
discretion, which requires a showing of clear and convincing
evidence. This Court will not find an “abuse of discretion” unless
the law has been “overridden or misapplied or the judgment
exercised” was “manifestly unreasonable, or the result of
partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill will, as shown by the evidence in
the certified record.” In determining the propriety of an equitable
distribution award, courts must consider the distribution scheme
as a whole. “[W]e measure the circumstances of the case
against the objective of effectuating economic justice between
the parties and achieving a just determination of their property
rights.”
Biese v. Biese, 979 A.2d 892, 895 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations omitted).
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1
Husband timely complied with the order of the trial court to file a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement of matters complained of on appeal.
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Husband argues the trial court erred in its treatment of Husband’s
federal and state tax debts by not including those liabilities in the marital
estate. Husband maintains the federal and state tax liability that he accrued
during the marriage should have been included in the marital estate.2
The trial court rejected Husband’s argument, stating:
The Court respectfully suggests that it properly excluded
[Husband’s] federal and state tax liability from the marital
estate. The Court found that the taxes, which were solely in
[Husband’s] name, were non-marital because they related to his
business and he was not forthcoming with his wife about these
debts. [Husband] was an independent owner and operator of his
truck and trailer and incurred tax liability in that business.
[Husband’s] truck and trailer were repossessed due to his failure
to pay loans and income tax. The Court properly made a
credibility determination based on the evidence that these taxes
are solely [Husband’s] responsibility.
Trial Court Rule 1925(a) Opinion, 7/29/2014, at 1–2.
Husband relies on the case of Duff v. Duff, 507 A.2d 371 (Pa. 1986),
for the proposition that “[t]ax liability that accrues during the marriage and
prior to separation is properly included in the marital estate for purposes of
equitable distribution.” Husband’s Brief at 14. Husband, contending the tax
liability is marital property, cites Hicks v. Kubit, 759 A.2d 202, 204 (Pa.
Super. 2000), in support of his argument that “[w]homever is the primary
beneficiary of the indebtedness determines whether the debt should be
apportioned between the parties.” Husband’s Brief at 16. Husband claims
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2
Husband calculates the amount of tax liability at issue as $77,845.12, after
deducting his pre-marital tax liability. See Husband’s Brief at 18.
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“[t]he ‘primary beneficiary’ of the income withheld from tax payment was
the marriage itself – not the Husband alone.” Id. at 18.
The record establishes that the tax liability that Husband claims should
be characterized as marital debt arose upon Husband’s filing of separate
income tax returns during the marriage. This tax liability related to the
income Husband received through his self-employment as a truck driver and
operator. N.T., 2/25/2014, at 14. Upon review, we find no error in the trial
court’s determination that the tax liability is not a marital debt.
In Duff, supra, the parties filed a joint tax return prepared by
husband. The husband failed to properly treat the gains realized from the
exercise of stock options. As a result, following the parties’ separation, the
IRS assessed additional tax liability of $13,517.43 plus penalty and interest.
The husband argued on appeal that the trial court erred in not including this
tax liability in the marital estate. Our Supreme Court found “the $13,517.43
tax assessment is simply an addition to the same tax obligation held to be a
joint liability” and therefore determined that “the assessment should have
also been treated as a joint liability to be included in computation of the
marital estate.” 507 A.2d at 373. Here, however, in contrast to Duff, the
tax liability at issue arose from Husband’s separately filed tax returns.
Additionally, this Court, in Hicks instructed that the circumstances
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surrounding the acquisition of the debts are to be considered,3 and here the
tax liability was incurred solely by Husband who was not candid with Wife,
who was not required to sign his returns.
We find this case analogous to Harasym v. Harasym, 614 A.2d 742
(Pa. Super. 1992). In Harasym, the physician/husband argued that the
marital estate should have been reduced by $10,000 which amount
represented a settlement by him with the federal government. Id. at 746.
The United States Attorney’s office filed an action against the
physician/husband alleging Medicare fraud and conspiracy. Id. Husband
argued that since his wife shared in the benefits of the income generated by
his billing, she was likewise liable for such debt arising out of the settlement
obligation. Id. This Court disagreed with husband’s argument and concluded
the debt was non-marital.
The Harasym court found that the $10,000 debt was not a marital
debt and was, in fact, a settlement of a claim against the husband/physician
for fraud and conspiracy. Id. The court further found that the debt should
not be considered marital even though wife may have unwittingly and
unknowingly been a peripheral beneficiary of the acts of her husband. Id.
Additionally, the court noted husband presented no evidence that the
$10,000 settlement represented the over-billed amount by which he and
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3
See Hicks, 758 A.2d at 205.
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wife may have benefited. Id. Finally, the court observed that wife played no
part in the settlement agreed to by husband.
Here, like Harasym, Wife may have unwittingly and unknowingly been
a peripheral beneficiary of the acts of Husband, but Husband offered no
specific evidence that the unpaid tax amounts resulted in monies used
entirely for the parties’ benefit.4 Furthermore, the trial court, as finder of
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4
The following exchange took place during cross examination by Wife’s
counsel concerning the tax liens:
Q: Can you look at Exhibit 8[?]
A: Yes.
Q: It’s a notice of tax lien?
A: Yes.
Q: It looks to me like that’s only in your name; is that correct?
A: It’s only what?
Q: It’s only in your name?
A: Oh, yeah. We filed separately.
Q: You did file your taxes separately?
A: That is correct.
Q: So for all the years you were married?
A: All the years we were married we filed separately. That way
she got money back.
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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fact, was free to make a credibility determination that even with Husband
not paying his tax liability, the unpaid amount was not sufficient to make
Wife liable for Husband’s tax liabilities, given Wife’s testimony she worked
and paid taxes, paid Husband’s health insurance when she worked,
contributed her paycheck to the household bills, and used her $18,000.00
disability insurance award for the mortgage when the parties fell behind in
the payments. See Sternlicht v. Sternlicht, 822 A.2d 732, 742 (Pa.
Super. 2003), affirmed, 876 A.2d 904 (Pa. 2005) (It is within the province of
the trial court to weigh the evidence and decide credibility of witnesses and
this Court will not reverse those determinations so long as they are
supported by the evidence.). Accordingly, we affirm.
_______________________
(Footnote Continued)
Q: So Wanda was not responsible for the incorrect filing of your
taxes?
A: She’s not responsible for the taxes per se, but she got to use
the money from the taxes that were not paid. It was marital
assets, in my eyes.
N.T., 2/25/2014, at 70–71.
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Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/22/2015
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