Com. v. Garcia, E. ( 2021 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ERIC GARCIA :
:
Appellant : No. 332 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered December 13, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0008931-2009
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., KUNSELMAN, J., and NICHOLS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED: APRIL 16, 2021
Appellant, Eric Garcia, appeals pro se from the post-conviction court’s
December 13, 2019 order denying, as untimely, his petition filed under the
Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful
review, we affirm.
The PCRA court provided a detailed summary of the facts and procedural
history of Appellant’s case, which we need not reiterate herein. See PCRA
Court Opinion (PCO), 8/17/20, at 1-2. We only note that on January 9, 2013,
Appellant was convicted, following a non-jury trial, of aggravated assault and
related offenses. He was sentenced that same day to 3 to 7 years’
incarceration, followed by 3 years’ probation. Appellant did not file a direct
appeal and, thus, his judgment of sentence became final on February 8, 2013.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3) (directing that a judgment of sentence becomes
final at the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking
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the review); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a) (stating that a notice of appeal to the Superior
Court must be filed within 30 days after the entry of the order from which the
appeal is taken).
On June 8, 2018, Appellant filed the pro se PCRA petition underlying his
present appeal. Therein, he claimed that: (1) his “right to confrontation under
the [S]ixth [A]mendment was violated when statements were used against
[him] without some form of cross-examination”; (2) there was “[g]overnment
interference” in his case when the prosecutor “improperly influenc[ed the
j]udge or sway[ed] the [j]udge with improper evidence”; (3) “[t]rial counsel
was ineffective for failing to suppress statements” and for “discouraging
[Appellant] from testifying”; and (4) his due process rights were violated by
the Commonwealth’s “knowing use of false testimony to obtain a conviction….”
PCRA Petition, 6/8/18, at 2-4.
PCRA counsel was appointed, but thereafter filed a Turner/Finley1 ‘no-
merit’ letter and petition to withdraw. On September 26, 2018, the court
issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition
for the reasons set forth in counsel’s no-merit letter. Appellant filed several
pro se responses to the court’s notice, which prompted his PCRA counsel to
file a supplemental no-merit letter and petition to withdraw on January 4,
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1
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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2019. Appellant then filed a pro se motion to proceed pro se, and counsel
again supplemented his no-merit letter and petition to withdraw on September
24, 2019. On September 30, 2019, the court issued another Rule 907 notice,
and Appellant once again responded pro se, claiming that his PCRA counsel
had ineffectively represented him. On December 13, 2019, a brief hearing
was conducted, at the close of which the court notified Appellant that his
counsel was being permitted to withdraw, and that his petition would be
dismissed. That same day, the court filed an order dismissing Appellant’s
petition.
Appellant filed a timely, pro se notice of appeal. On February 10, 2020,
the court issued an order directing him to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise
statement of errors complained of on appeal within 21 days, and notifying
Appellant that his failure to comply with the order could result in the waiver
of his claims. See Order, 2/10/20, at 1 (single page). Appellant did not file
a Rule 1925(b) statement.2 On August 17, 2020, the court filed a Rule
1925(a) opinion, deeming Appellant’s issues waived. See PCO at 3.
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2
We note that Appellant attaches a Rule 1925(b) statement to his brief that
he dated August 27, 2020. Not only is that concise statement clearly untimely,
but it also was not filed with the trial court. Therefore, it is not part of the
certified record, and we cannot consider it for purposes of this appeal. See
Bennyhoff v. Pappert, 790 A.2d 313, 318 (Pa. Super. 2001) (stating “[i]t is
black letter law in this jurisdiction that an appellate court cannot consider
anything which is not part of the record in [the] case”).
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Alternatively, the court concluded Appellant’s claims were untimely and/or
meritless. Id. at 3-7.3
Herein, Appellant presents two issues for our review:
1. Did the [PCRA] court err by denying the [PCRA] petition by
incorporating the Commonwealth’s request to dismiss, as well
as the court-appointed attorney’s no-merit letters, as its
reasons to dismiss without conducting its own independent
judicial determination[,] since a [PCRA] petition may not be
summarily dismissed when the facts alleged, if proven, would
entitle [Appellant] to relief?
2. Did the [PCRA] court err by denying [Appellant’s] claim that
[he] was denied his constitutional right to a direct appeal,
nunc pro tunc, based solely on the no-merit letter filed by
[Appellant’s] court[-]appointed defense attorney, … without
conducting its own independent judicial determination and an
evidentiary hearing on the matters, since [Appellant’s]
averments, if true, would entitle him to [a] direct appeal, nunc
pro tunc?
Appellant’s Brief at 5.
Preliminarily, Appellant has waived his issues for our review because he
did not file a Rule 1925(b) statement, despite the court’s informing him that
the failure to do so would result in waiver of his claims. See Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in the Statement and/or not raised in
accordance with the provisions of this paragraph (b)(4) are waived.”);
Greater Erie Indus. Development Corp. v. Presque Isle Downs, Inc.,
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3
We note that the court addressed, and found meritless, two claims raised by
Appellant in his pro se responses to the court’s Rule 907 notices, an illegal
sentencing issue, and a claim that Appellant’s co-defendant, John Syga,
“exonerated Appellant during [Syga’s] guilty plea, thereby provid[ing] after-
discovered evidence sufficient to warrant an evidentiary hearing.” PCO at 3,
5-7.
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88 A.3d 222, 225 (Pa. Super. 2014) (en banc) (“[I]n determining whether an
appellant has waived his issues on appeal based on non-compliance with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925, it is the trial court’s order that triggers an appellant’s
obligation[.] ... [T]herefore, we look first to the language of that
order.”) (citations omitted).
In any event, even if not waived, we would conclude that Appellant’s
issues are meritless. To begin, we observe:
“In reviewing the propriety of an order granting or denying PCRA
relief, an appellate court is limited to ascertaining whether the
record supports the determination of the PCRA court and whether
the ruling is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Johnson, …
966 A.2d 523, 532 ([Pa.] 2009). We pay great deference to the
findings of the PCRA court, “but its legal determinations are
subject to our plenary review.” Id.Commonwealth v. Matias, 63 A.3d 807, 810 (Pa. Super. 2013).
Here, although not raised in his Statement of the Questions Involved,
Appellant first contends that his PCRA counsel was ineffective by seeking to
withdraw, rather than filing an amended petition on his behalf. See
Appellant’s Brief at 8. He also argues that the PCRA court erred by dismissing
his petition for the reasons outlined by counsel in the no-merit letter, rather
than conducting its own independent review of the record. Id.First, in regard to Appellant’s attack on PCRA counsel’s representation,
we stress that,
[i]t is well-established that counsel is presumed to have provided
effective representation unless the PCRA petitioner pleads and
proves all of the following: (1) the underlying legal claim is of
arguable merit; (2) counsel’s action or inaction lacked any
objectively reasonable basis designed to effectuate his client’s
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interest; and (3) prejudice, to the effect that there was a
reasonable probability of a different outcome if not for counsel’s
error. The PCRA court may deny an ineffectiveness claim if the
petitioner’s evidence fails to meet a single one of these prongs.
Moreover, a PCRA petitioner bears the burden of demonstrating
counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Commonwealth v. Franklin, 990 A.2d 795, 797 (Pa. Super. 2010) (citations
omitted).
Presently, PCRA counsel concluded that Appellant’s petition was
untimely, and that none of his claims satisfied a timeliness exception. The
PCRA time limitations implicate the court’s jurisdiction and may not be altered
or disregarded in order to address the merits of a petition. See
Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (Pa. 2007). Under the
PCRA, any petition for post-conviction relief, including a second or subsequent
one, must be filed within one year of the date the judgment of sentence
becomes final, unless one of the following exceptions set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii) applies:
(b) Time for filing petition.--
(1) Any petition under this subchapter, including a second
or subsequent petition, shall be filed within one year of the
date the judgment becomes final, unless the petition alleges
and the petitioner proves that:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the
result of interference by government officials with the
presentation of the claim in violation of the
Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the
Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were
unknown to the petitioner and could not have been
ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
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(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States
or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time
period provided in this section and has been held by
that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii). Additionally, section 9545(b)(2) requires that
any petition attempting to invoke one of these exceptions be filed within one
year of the date the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(2).
In this case, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on February
8, 2013, and thus, we agree with counsel that his petition filed in 2018 is
patently untimely.4 Consequently, for the PCRA court to have had jurisdiction
to review the merits thereof, Appellant was required to prove that he meets
one of the exceptions to the timeliness requirements set forth in 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b). Appellant does not explain how any of the issues he raised before
the PCRA court met a timeliness exception. Thus, we would conclude that he
has failed to demonstrate that his PCRA counsel erred by seeking to withdraw
on the basis that his petition was untimely.
Second, we would also discern no merit to Appellant’s claim that the
PCRA court erred by dismissing his petition based on counsel’s rationale in the
no-merit letter. Again, Appellant does not explain how counsel’s analysis was
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4
We recognize that, on February 13, 2018, the court revoked Appellant’s
sentence of probation/parole and resentenced him to a term of 4 years’
probation. He did not file a direct appeal and, thus, that judgment of sentence
became final on March 15, 2018. However, the issues raised in his pro se
petition pertain to his underlying convictions, which became final in 2013.
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flawed. Moreover, in the PCRA court’s Rule 1925(a) opinion, it deemed
Appellant’s petition untimely, but it then provided an alternative discussion —
with citations to the record — of why it would have rejected Appellant’s claims
on the merits. This record belies Appellant’s argument that the PCRA court
did not conduct an independent review of the record. Thus, even had
Appellant preserved his claims for our review, we would conclude that no relief
is due.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/16/21
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