Com. v. Canady, J. ( 2020 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
JAMES B. CANADY, : No. 972 EDA 2018
:
Appellant :
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered March 14, 2018,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County
Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0015102-2007
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., NICHOLS, J., AND FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED DECEMBER 1, 2020
James B. Canady pro se appeals the March 14, 2018 order, entered in
the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, dismissing his first
petition1 filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”).2 After
careful review, we affirm.
The underlying facts of this case are set forth in the PCRA court’s
Rule 1925(a) opinion and need not be repeated here. (See PCRA court
Rule 1925(a) opinion, 4/30/18 at 2-3.) The PCRA court set forth the following
procedural history:
[Appellant], James Canady, was convicted[,] on
March 31, 2009, of first-degree murder, robbery,
graded as a felony of the first degree, criminal
1 The PCRA court also granted PCRA counsel’s motion to withdraw.
2 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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conspiracy, and possessing instruments of crime,[3]
generally, following a jury trial before [the trial] court
and was sentenced March 31, 2009, to life
imprisonment followed by a consecutive sentence of
twenty-two and one half to forty-five years[’]
incarceration on the other charges. [Appellant]
thereafter filed a notice of appeal, to the Superior
Court, which[,] on March 28, 2011, affirmed the
judgment of sentence. (1192 EDA 2009). On July 9,
2013, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court vacated
[appellant]’s life without parole sentence and
remanded the matter for re-sentencing in accordance
with the holding of Commonwealth v. Batts, 66
A.2d 286 (Pa. 2013). Commonwealth v. Canady,
71 A.3d 248 (Pa. 2013). The Supreme Court,
however, did not vacate the sentences imposed on the
other charges and at [appellant]’s sentencing hearing,
[the trial] court ordered that the aggregate sentence
of twenty-two and one-half years’ incarceration
previously imposed be served consecutive to the
sentence of thirty-five years to life imposed on the
first degree murder conviction.
[Appellant] appealed to the Superior Court following
the re-imposition of sentence and on May 24, 2016,
the Superior Court affirmed the judgment of sentence.
(2373 EDA 2015). [Appellant] thereafter
unsuccessfully sought review by the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court, which[,] on October 6, 2016,[4]
denied his petition for allowance of appeal.
On December 30, 2016, [appellant] timely filed a
pro se petition pursuant to the Post-Conviction Act,
(PCRA) 42 Pa.C.S.[A.] §9541 et seq., following which
counsel was appointed to represent him. On
February 13, 2018, appointed counsel filed a
“no-merit” letter in accordance with Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988), and a
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2502(a), 3701(a)(1)(ii), 903(a)(1), and 907(a),
respectively.
4The order denying appellant’s petition for allowance of appeal is dated
October 5, 2016.
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motion to withdraw as counsel. [The PCRA] court
carefully reviewed the entire record and upon
determining that [appellant] was not entitled to relief,
it sent [appellant] Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of intent to
dismiss. On March 13, 2018,[5] [the [PCRA] court,
having again reviewed the entire record, issued an
order dismissing [appellant]’s PCRA petition and
granting appointed counsel’s motion to withdraw.
Subsequent thereto, [appellant] filed a timely notice
of appeal.
PCRA court Rule 1925(a) opinion, 4/30/18 at 1-2 (extraneous capitalization
omitted). Appellant was not ordered to file a concise statement of errors on
appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). However, the PCRA court filed a
Rule 1925(a) opinion.
The following issues are raised by appellant on appeal:
1. Was PCRA counsel ineffective for failing to
properly raise, preserve, and challenge the trial
court’s imposition of a de facto life sentence in
violation of Miller v Alabama[6] and
Commonwealth v. Batts?[7]
2. Did the PCRA court err by failing to provide
appellant additional time to respond to PCRA
counsel’s no merit/Finley[8] letter and the
court’s Rule 907 notice prior to dismissal of his
PCRA petition in violation of his right to due
process?
5 The order of March 13, 2018, dismissed appellant’s PCRA petition and
granted PCRA counsel’s motion to withdraw. However, the order failed to
advise appellant of his appellate rights. Therefore, on March 14, 2018, the
PCRA court filed a second order which advised appellant of his appellate rights.
6 Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012).
7 Commonwealth v. Batts, 163 A.3d 410 (Pa. 2017).
8 Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc).
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Appellant’s brief at 4 (extraneous capitalization omitted; some bolding and
italics added).
In reviewing the denial of a PCRA petition, this court’s standard of review
is limited “to whether the PCRA court’s determination is supported by evidence
of record and whether it is free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Pew, 189
A.3d 486, 488 (Pa.Super. 2018). When reviewing the denial of a PCRA petition
without an evidentiary hearing, we “determine whether the PCRA court erred
in concluding that there were no genuine issues of material fact and in denying
relief without an evidentiary hearing.” Commonwealth v. Burton, 121 A.3d
1063, 1067 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citation omitted), affirmed, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa.
2017). “[W]hen there are no disputed factual issues, an evidentiary hearing
is not required . . . .” Commonwealth v. Morris, 684 A.2d 1037, 1042 (Pa.
1996). We review the PCRA court’s legal conclusions de novo. See Burton,
121 A.3d at 1067.
Appellant first contends that PCRA counsel was ineffective for failing to
challenge his re-sentence as a de facto life sentence. Initially, we note that
appellant first raises PCRA counsel’s ineffectiveness in the instant appeal.
[A]bsent recognition of a constitutional right to
effective collateral review counsel, claims of PCRA
counsel ineffectiveness cannot be raised for the first
time after a notice of appeal has been taken from the
underlying PCRA matter. A petitioner’s failure to raise
an ineffectiveness of counsel claim after receiving
Rule 907 notice results in waiver of the claim.
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Commonwealth v. Smith, 121 A.3d 1049, 1054 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citations
and quotation marks omitted), appeal denied, 136 A.3d 981 (Pa. 2016).
Thus, appellant has waived his ineffectiveness claim.
Even if we were to address the claim, no relief is merited.
A claim that has been previously litigated is not
cognizable for collateral relief. 42 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 9544(a)(2). The PCRA defines a matter as having
been previously litigated when “the highest appellate
court in which the petitioner could have had review as
a matter of right has ruled on the merits of the issue.”
Id. “[T]he fact that a petitioner presents a new
argument or advances a new theory in support of a
previously litigated issue will not circumvent the
previous litigation bar.” Commonwealth v. Burkett,
5 A.3d 1260, 1270 (Pa.Super. 2010), citing
Commonwealth v. Hutchins, 760 A.2d 50(Pa.Super. 2000).
Commonwealth v. Roane, 142 A.3d 79, 94 (Pa.Super. 2016).
In the present case, the issue of whether appellant’s sentence was, in
effect, a de facto life sentence was previously raised and addressed by this
court. On August 8, 2015, appellant filed a timely direct appeal, from his
resentencing. The trial court ordered appellant to file a Rule 1925(b)
statement and appellant timely complied. Therein, appellant asserted that
“[t]he [trial c]ourt’s aggregate sentence violates Miller v. Alabama, supra[,]and Commonwealth v. Batts, supra, since it essentially amounts to a life
sentence.” Commonwealth v. Canady, No. 2373 EDA 2015, appellant’s
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement, 8/12/15 at unnumbered 3.
The trial court addressed the issue as follows:
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In his final claim, [appellant] argues that the
aggregate sentence imposed upon him should be
vacated because it is essentially a life sentence, in
violation of Miller, supra, and Batts, supra. It is
submitted that no relief should be granted on this
claim because a life sentence without the possibility of
parole was not imposed on defendant. The sentence
imposed upon him will provide him with an
opportunity for parole and thus, does not facially
violate the holdings of the above cases.
Moreover, the sentence reflected a consideration of
the numerous factors heretofore discussed and
manifests an attempt to protect the public from
[appellant]’s violent proclivities, which [the trial c]ourt
experienced during [appellant]’s first sentencing
hearing. In Commonwealth v. Mouzon, 828 A.2d
1126, 1128, (P[a.]Super. 2003), the Superior Court
determined that maximum, consecutive sentences on
five robbery convictions, two conspiracy convictions,
and one possessing an instrument of crime
convictions were not manifestly excessive, even
though the sentence represented essentially a life
sentence for a defendant who was only 21. In
affirming the judgment of sentence the Superior Court
reasoned that the sentence was commensurate with
the crime, that the sentencing court witnessed
[appellant] during the proceedings, knew his history,
and considered his prospects of rehabilitation.
Instantly, while [appellant], unlike Mouzon, was a
juvenile when he committed the crimes herein, he was
already a hardened criminal who exhibited his true
character at the previous sentencing. Regardless, as
noted above, [the trial c]ourt did consider all salient
factors in deciding upon a sentence. No abuse of
discretion occurred here and it is suggested that this
claim be rejected.
Trial court Rule 1925(a) opinion, 8/24/15 at 7-8 (some citations omitted).
In his appellate brief, filed at No. 2373 EDA 2015, appellant phrased the
issue as follows:
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Is the appellant entitled to a remand for resentencing
since his sentence of 35 years to life is excessive, not
reflective of his character, history and condition and[,]
therefore, manifestly unreasonable?
Commonwealth v. Canady, No. 2373 EDA 2015, appellant’s brief at 4.
Appellant argued that:
[the] sentence imposed fails to properly balance the
factors set forth in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S.
[460], 132 S.Ct. 2455 (2012) and Commonwealth
v. Batts, supra. The Court erred when it refused to
impose the sentences, 35 years to life and 22½ to
45 years, concurrently rather than consecutively. The
way in which the sentences are presently structured
will result in the appellant having to serve 57½
years[’] incarceration before he can be even be
considered by the Parole Board for release. The [trial
c]ourt’s aggregate sentence violates Miller v.
Alabama, supra[,] and Commonwealth v. Batts,
supra, since it essentially amounts to a life sentence.
Id. at 20-21 (some bolding and italics added); see also id. at 23-24.
In this court’s memorandum, a panel of this case reached the following
conclusion:
Appellant claims that because he will be required to
serve 57½ years before he can be considered for
parole, the aggregate sentence violates Miller and
Batts II because it is essentially a life sentence.
(Appellant’s brief at 21, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) statement.)
Appellant’s reliance on those cases is misplaced, and
the proposition he claims the cases stand for is
misguided. Neither case concerned the imposition of
consecutive sentences for multiple crimes committed
by a juvenile. Both cases, however, concerned the
requisite considerations a sentencing court must take
when a juvenile faces a life sentence for murder.
Thus, neither case stands for the proposition that a
sentencing court is prohibited from sentencing a
juvenile to life imprisonment, as appellant would like
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us to believe. Contrary to appellant’s contention,
then, the sentence imposed does not violate Miller or
Batts II.
In summary, because appellant has advanced no
plausible argument as to why his sentencing is
unreasonable considering the nature of his crime and
the length of his sentence, he has failed to raise a
substantial question.
Commonwealth v. Canady, No. 2373 EDA 2015, unpublished memorandum
at 12-13 (Pa.Super. filed May 24, 2016). Appellant filed a timely petition for
allowance of appeal, which was denied by our supreme court on October 5,
2016. See Commonwealth v. Canady, No. 246 EAL 2016. Appellant did
not seek certiorari.
We, therefore, find that appellant’s issue has been previously litigated,
having been decided by a previous panel of this court, and is not cognizable
under the PCRA. Accordingly, no relief can be granted.
Lastly, appellant maintains that the PCRA court violated his due process
rights by not granting him additional time to respond to the PCRA court’s
Rule 907 notice prior to the dismissal of his PCRA petition. Appellant claims
that when he received the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice, he wrote the PCRA
court judge “a letter requesting additional time to respond to the [n]otice.”
(Appellant’s brief at 17.) The certified record does not reflect that appellant’s
request was filed of record.
Assuming, arguendo, that the PCRA court received and denied
appellant’s request, the PCRA court’s Rule 907 notice checked the following
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box as the reason for the dismissal: “The issues raised in the [PCRA] petition
filed by your attorney are without merit.” (Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice, 6/25/19.)
Appellant states that he “simply wrote [the PCRA court] a letter requesting
additional time to respond to the [n]otice.” (Appellant’s brief at 17.) Further,
appellant’s only explanation of what specific issue he would have raised in a
Rule 907 response is “a claim of ineffective assistance of PCRA counsel, or to
correct the “defects” in his petition, or amend his petition to include a
challenge to the Court’s imposition of a de facto life sentence in violation of
Miller and Batts.” (Id. at 18.) Appellant has not shown prejudice because,
as noted above, the issue appellant seeks to raise was previously litigated.
We find the PCRA court did not err or abuse its discretion in denying
appellant additional time to respond to the Rule 907 notice. See
Commonwealth v. Sanabria, 2020 WL 1673787 *2 (Pa.Super. April 6,
2020) (unpublished memorandum) (finding PCRA court did not err in
dismissing request for additional time to respond to Rule 907 notice).
Therefore, appellant’s claim is without merit.
For the reasons given above, and having discerned no error of law, we
affirm the order of the PCRA court.
Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
JosephD.Seletyn,Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 12/01/2020
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