In the Int. of: L.B., a Minor Appeal of: R.K. ( 2016 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN THE INTEREST OF: L.B., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF: R.K., MOTHER
No. 1181 MDA 2015
Appeal from the Order Entered June 10, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Juvenile Court Division, at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000153-2014
IN THE INTEREST OF C.B., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
APPEAL OF R.K., A MOTHER
No. 1182 MDA 2015
Appeal from the Order Entered June 10, 2015
in the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County
Juvenile Court Division, at No(s): CP-36-DP-0000152-2014
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., LAZARUS, J., and JENKINS, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED APRIL 08, 2016
In these consolidated appeals, R.K. (“Mother”), the parent of the
subject children, L.B., born in October 2008, and C.B., born in November
2005, (“Children”), appeals the orders entered June 10, 2015, granting the
petitions filed by Lancaster County Children and Youth Services (“CYS” or
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the “Agency”) to adjudicate Children dependent and remove them from her
custody and finding aggravated circumstances such that reunification
services would not be provided for Mother. We affirm.
L.B.’s parents are Mother and J.C.; C.B.’s parents are Mother and A.B.
Children resided in Virginia with Mother until August 2013. At that time,
Mother and Children had been living in a homeless shelter and Mother
decided to move to Pennsylvania. Mother brought Children and their
belongings to her mother’s (“Maternal Grandmother”) home in Lancaster
County, so Children could begin the 2013-2014 school year in Pennsylvania.
Prior to this time, Mother and Maternal Grandmother had what the court
described as a “love/hate relationship.” Order of Adjudication and
Disposition, Addendum, 6/10/15, at 1-2.
CYS’s history with the family began on March 11, 2014. At that time,
CYS received reports from the Commonwealth of Virginia, Prince William
County Department of Social Services, Child Protective Services Division,
(“CPS”) concerning allegations of sexual abuse in Virginia. At the time,
Children were living with Maternal Grandmother and Maternal Grandfather.
CPS contacted CYS to request an interview with C.B. and L.B. concerning the
allegations of abuse. C.B. and L.B. were individually interviewed by
Children’s Alliance, and both Children disclosed that physical and sexual
abuse occurred in Virginia. CYS supplied CPS with the information.
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On April 24, 2014, CYS again received report of alleged sexual abuse
of the Children in both Pennsylvania and Virginia. The reports alleged that
Mother was sexually abusing both L.B. and T., a younger sister of L.B. and
C.B. CYS began an investigation. L.B. was again interviewed at the Lancaster
County Children’s Alliance. L.B. again disclosed that she was being sexually
abused by both Mother and her stepfather, T.K. L.B. stated that Mother took
both videos and pictures of the occurrences.
While the investigation was ongoing, it was reported to CYS that
Mother informed Children’s school that she planned on taking C.B. and L.B.
back to Virginia. On May 2, 2014, Pennsylvania State Troopers took
protective custody of C.B. and L.B., pending conclusion of the sexual abuse
investigation. The next day, CYS filed a Stand By Petition for Temporary
Custody. CYS also filed a Petition for Temporary Physical Custody and Legal
Custody on May 5, 2014. On August 15, 2015, CYS filed a Petition for a
Finding of Abuse requesting the court to find L.B. to be an abused child and
further find that Mother was the perpetrator of the sexual abuse against L.B.
On May 6, 2014, the court held a shelter hearing. Mother waived the
hearing without prejudice and without admitting any of the allegations set
forth in the custody petition. Visitation of C.B. and L.B. was suspended
pending the outcome of the criminal investigation against Mother and T.K.
The court held hearings on November 4, 2014, December 10, 2014,
January 21, 2015, and February 3, 2015. At the hearings, CYS offered the
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testimony of Mary Halye, a forensic interviewer for Children’s Alliance; Kari
Stanley, program supervisor of Lancaster Children’s Alliance; Kate Egerter,
intake caseworker for CYS; C.B.; L.B.; Craig Clearwater, C.B.’s therapist;
Belinda Dickson, a Philhaven family-based therapist; Carrie Fitzpatrick, a
Philhaven family-based mental health worker; Maternal Grandmother; C.L.,
a family friend; and Amanda Schreiber, the current CYS caseworker. Mother
testified and offered the testimony of Amy Hermansen, Esquire, Mother’s
Virginia attorney; Vinchanzo Goodman, a CPS intake worker; Sarah
Weatherford, a CPS family services worker; Michael Yankson, a CPS family
services worker; Laura Simpson, Kindercare preschool director; C.B.’s
Paternal Grandmother; and L.B.’s Paternal Grandmother. Father, who
appeared pro se, also testified. The adjudication and disposition was
concluded, and the record closed, at the February 3 hearing.
By the Orders of Adjudication and Disposition with the Addendum,
entered on June 10, 2015, the trial court granted the petitions filed by CYS
to adjudicate Children dependent and remove them from the custody of
Mother, pursuant to Sections 6302 and 6351 of the Juvenile Act, and found
aggravated circumstances such that reunification services would not be
provided for Mother, pursuant to Section 6341(c.1) of that act. These timely
appeals followed.
Our Supreme Court set forth our standard of review for dependency
cases as follows.
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[T]he standard of review in dependency cases requires an
appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility
determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the
record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the
lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we
review for an abuse of discretion.
In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010) (citation omitted).
Additionally, “[t]he burden of proof in a dependency proceeding is on
the petitioner to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that a child
meets that statutory definition of dependency.” In re G., T., 845 A.2d 870,
872 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation omitted).
Section 6302 of the Juvenile Act defines a “dependent child” as a child
who
(1) is without proper parental care or control, subsistence,
education as required by law, or other care or control necessary
for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals. A
determination that there is a lack of proper parental care or
control may be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent,
guardian or other custodian that places the health, safety or
welfare of the child at risk, including evidence of the parent’s,
guardian’s or other custodian’s use of alcohol or a controlled
substance that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at
risk[.]
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(1).
The Juvenile Act further provides, in pertinent part, the following.
(a) General rule.— After hearing the evidence on the petition
the court shall make and file its findings as to whether the child
is a dependent child. . . .
...
(c) Finding of Dependency.— If the court finds from clear and
convincing evidence that the child is dependent, the court shall
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proceed immediately or at a postponed hearing, which shall
occur not later than 20 days after adjudication if the child has
been removed from his home, to make a proper disposition of
the case.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(a) and (c).
A panel of this Court stated that
[a] court is empowered by 42 Pa.C.S. § 6341(a) and (c) to make
a finding that a child is dependent if the child meets the
statutory definition by clear and convincing evidence. If the court
finds that the child is dependent, then the court may make an
appropriate disposition of the child to protect the child’s physical,
mental and moral welfare, including allowing the child to remain
with the parents subject to supervision, transferring temporary
legal custody to a relative or public agency, or transferring
custody to the juvenile court of another state. 42 Pa.C.S. §
6351(a).
In re D.A., 801 A.2d 614, 617 (Pa. Super. 2002).
“The question of whether a child is lacking proper parental care and
control so as to be a dependent child encompasses two discrete questions:
whether the child presently is without proper care or control, and if so,
whether such care and control are immediately available.” Id., at 619(citation omitted).
Section 6341(c.1) of the Juvenile Act provides as follows.
(c.1) Aggravated circumstances.—If the county agency or
the child’s attorney alleges the existence of aggravated
circumstances and the court determines that the child is
dependent, the court shall also determine if aggravated
circumstances exist. If the court finds from clear and convincing
evidence that aggravated circumstances exist, the court shall
determine whether or not reasonable efforts to prevent or
eliminate the need for removing the child from the home or to
preserve and reunify the family shall be made or continue to be
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made and schedule a dispositional hearing as required by section
6341(c.1) (relating to disposition of dependent child).
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(c.1).
The Juvenile Act defines “Aggravated circumstances” as “[t]he child or
another child of the parent has been the victim of physical abuse resulting in
serious bodily injury, sexual violence or aggravated physical neglect by the
parent.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302(2).
Regarding the placement of a child who has been adjudicated
dependent, this Court has explained that
[w]hen a child is adjudicated dependent, the child’s proper
placement turns on what is in the child’s best interest, not on
what the parent wants or which goals the parent has achieved.
Moreover, although preserving the unity of the family is a
purpose of the Act, another purpose is to ‘provide for the care,
protection, safety, and wholesome mental and physical
development of children coming within the provisions of this
chapter.’ 42 Pa.C.S. § 6301(b)(1.1). Indeed, the relationship of
parent and child is a status and not a property right, and one in
which the state has an interest to protect the best interest of the
child.
In re K.C., 903 A.2d 12, 14-15 (Pa. Super. 2006) (some internal citations
and quotation marks omitted; brackets omitted; brackets added).
After careful review, we affirm the trial court’s orders finding Children
dependent, continuing Children in the legal and physical custody of CYS, and
approving Child Permanency Plans without the goal of reunification with
Mother, based on the thoughtful and well-written Opinion Sur Appeal of the
Honorable Jay J. Hoberg.
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Orders affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/8/2016
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":· I Circulated 03/31/2016 01:11 PM
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
JUVENILE COURT DIVISIONI .
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Oh February 3, 2015, ~e
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record
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in the adjudication
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and disposition
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hearing ;s clffied {if
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the dependency proceedings involving C £ •B (hereinafter "CB") and IAiil,Bllill,
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(hereinafter "LB"). On June~' 2015, the Court issued Orders of Adjudication and Disposition
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with an Addendum finding tlie children· dependent, continuing them in the legal and physical
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custody of the Lancaster County Children and Youth Social Services Agency (hereinafter
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"Agency"), and approving Child Permanency Plans without the goal of reunification with
Mother, R- K... (hereinafter ''Mother").2 The Court found that LB was a victim of sexual
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abuse and that Mother was the'perpetrator of that abuse. LB and CB continued to be placed in a
kinship resource home with M~temal Grandparents, Ulla B g L (hereinafter "MGM'') and
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s.- B g a (hereinafter collectively "MOP"), who had been caring for both children since
August, 2013.
Mother filed a timely Notice of Appeal for both children on July 10, 2015. The Superior
Court consolidated sua sponte the appeals at 1181 MDA 2015 and 1182 MDA 2015. She asserts
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two issues in her 1925(b) statement for CB and three issues in her 1925(b) statement for LB.
· First, Mother claims the Court tacked clear and convincing evidence that she was unable to
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provide proper parental care an~ control of the children. Second, Mother claims the Court erred
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The Court's Adjudication/Dispdsition Order in eachcase was docketed by the Clerk of Courts on June to,
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2 See Petitioner's Exhibits 11 andiI 12.
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in finding that Mother sexually abused LB because it relied on LB's testimony, arguing LB was
not competent to testify and t*e evidence-relied upon was tainted and inconsistent. Finally,
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Mother claims the Court erred in failing to approve a Child Permanency Plan of return home to
Mother because it did not fin&i aggravated
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circumstances and Mother demonstrated she could
provide for her children. 3 \
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The Agency's history with the family began on March 11, 2014, when the Agency
received reports from the Commonwealth of Virginia, Prince William County Department of
Social Services, Child Protective Services Division (hereinafter 11CPS") concerning allegations
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of sexual abuse in Virginia. Ai that time, CB and LB were living in Pennsylvania with MOP.
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CPS contacted the Agency
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to request
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a courtesy interview of CB and LB concerning these
allegations. CB and LB were individually interviewed by Children's Alliance and both children
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disclosed that physical and sexFl abuse occurred in Virginia," The Agency supplied Virginia
with this inf onnation.
On April 24, 2014, (he Agency again received reports of alleged sexual abuse for the
children,5 perpetrated both in P:ennsylvania6 and Virginia. The reports alleged Mother was
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sexually abusing both LB and t. A sexual abuse investigation began and LB was again
interviewed at the Lancaster County Children's Al~iance on May 1, 20147• LB again disclosed
that she was being sexually· abused by both Mother and her stepfather, T'1·••
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(hereinafter "TJ"). LB stated that Mother took videos and pictures of these occurrences.
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3 While the first and third issues ilre included for both children, the Court notes that on CB's they are listed as 1
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and 2. :
4 See Petitioner's Exhibit 2 (LB's\April 4, 2014, DVD interview) and Exhibit 8 (CB's April 4, 2014, DVD
interview) as well as the transcripts of those respective interviews.
5 The family consisted of Motherj LB, CB, Terrance (hereinafter "T''), and Natasia (hereinafter 0N'').
6 See Petitioner's Exhibit 4, 11/4/14: Child Protective Service Investigation Report.
1 See Petitioner's Exhibit 3 (LB'siMay 1, 2014, DVD interview) as well as the transcript of that interview.
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While the investigatioh was still ongoing, it was reported to the Agency that Mother
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informed the children's scho1l that she planned on taking CB and LB back to Virginia, On May
2, 2014, Pennsylvania State troopers took protective custody of CB and LB pending con cl us ion
of the PA sexual abuse investigation.8 On May 3, 2014, the Agency filed a Stand By Petition for
Temporary Custody and a Petftion for Temporary Physical and Legal Custody on May 5, 2014.
As a result of the Agency's in~estigation, an indicated child abuse report was filed with Childline
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naming Mother as a perpetrator of sexual abuse against the children. (See Petitioner's Exhibit 4).
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On August 15, 2014, the Agency filed a Petition for a Finding of Abuse requesting the Court find
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LB to be an abused child and further find that Mother is the perpetrator of the sexual abuse
against LB.
· On May 6, 2014, the shelter care hearing was held before this Court. Mother waived the
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hearing without prejudice and Without
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admission any of the allegations set forth in the petition
for custody: Visitation was suspended pending the outcome of the criminal investigation against
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Mother and TJ.
Hearings were held on November 4, 2014, December 10, 2014, January 211 2015, and
February 3, 2015. The Agency offered the testimony of Mary Halye, a forensic interviewer for
Children's Alliance; Kari Stanley, program supervisor of the Lancaster Children's Alliance; Kate
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Egerter, intake caseworker for tpe Agency; CB; LB; Craig Clearwater, CB' s therapist; Belinda
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Dickson, a Philhaven family-based therapist; Carrie Fitzpatrick, a Philhaven family-based mental
health worker; Linda Bergman, \MGM; Charlotte Lapp, a family friend; and Amanda Schreiber,
the current Agency caseworker.\Mother testified and offered the testimony of Amy Hermansen,
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Mother's VA attorney; Vinchanzo Goodman, CPS intake worker; Sarah Weatherford, a CPS
8T and N were taken into protective custody on May 3, 2014. PA State Police released T and N back into
Mother's custody for lack of jurisdlction, See Petitioner's Exhibit T, 12/10/14; N.T. 11/4/14, 41.
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family services worker; Micpael Y ankson, a CPS family services worker; Laura Simpson,
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Kindercare preschool directer; Lillian Campbell, CB's paternal grandmother; and Brenda Brent,
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LB' s paternal grandmother. Father, who appeared pro se, also testified. The adiudicatlon and
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disposition was concluded and the record closed atthe February 3, 2015, hearing. The Orders of
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Adjudication and Disposition with the Addendum were docketed on June 10, 2015. Mother has
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filed.a timely appeal. I
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This Court's decisi01{that both CB and LB were dependent children is supported by the
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totality of the record. The Court's Addendum attached to each Order summarizes the Court's
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reasoning in reaching its decision. A dependent child is one who "is without proper parental care ·
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and control, subsistence, education as require by law, or other care or control necessary for his
physical, mental, or emotionJ1 health or morals." Juvenile Act, 42 Pa. C.S.A. §6302. A finding of
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dependency requires clear an1 convincing evidence. In re A.L, 779 A.2d 1172 (Pa. Super. 2001).
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The Agency has the burden of establishing clear and convincing evidence that the child is, at the
time of adjudication, without ~roper parental care and control and that such care is not
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immediately available. In Interest of Hall, 703 A.2d 717 (Pa. Super. 1997). Clear and convincing
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evidence exists when testimony given is so "clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to enable
the trier of fact to come to a cleer conviction, without hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts
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in issue." In re J.L.C., 837 A.4d 1247, 1251 (Pa. Super. 2003).
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Whether children in a dependency proceeding are lacking proper parental care and
control requires the Court to analyze: whether the child at the time of the hearing is without
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proper parental care or control; and if so, whether such care and control is immediately available.
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Matter of C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840 (Pa. Super. 1997); 42 Pa. C.S.A. §6302 (1999). Mother claims
the Court did not have sufficlent evidence to conclude that she was unable to provide proper
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parental care and control over CB and LB. The Court disagrees based upon the totality of the
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record. A finding of abuse may support an adjudication of dependency. Matter of C.R.S., supra.I .
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By doctrine of incorporation; the definition of child abuse in the Child Protective Services Law is
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incorporated into the Juvenil~ Act's definition of a dependent child. In re J,R.W., 631 A.2d 1019,
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428 Pa. Super. 597 (1993). II) the June 4, 2015, Order and Addendum, the Court found LB to be
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the victim of sexual abuse andI found Mother the perpetrator of that abuse.
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The record supports these findings. LB, whose credibility will be addressed later in this
opinion, disclosed the abuse to the Pennsylvania State Police, MGM, caseworkers, forensic
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Children's Alliance forensic interviewers, and this Court. Her testimony was ·generally
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consistent. After reviewing t~~ Children's Alliance interviews and personally observing and
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listening to LB in Chambers, the Court was satisfied that her testimony was not tainted and that
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her testimony was not the pro~uct of being coached or told what to say. She revealed a home in
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which there were few boundaries and one in which she was subjected to sexual abuse. LB was
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referred to Pennsylvania Com1seling Services Children's Services and, on September 16, 2014,
was given an Initial Psychological Evaluation. (See
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Petitioner's
. Exhibit.7, 12/10/14). The
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subsequent report noted LB's concerning sexual behaviors. Moreover, she displayed troubling
social behaviors: "[LB] and [QB] have extreme sibling rivalry, which often turns violent. [LB]
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likes to antagonize her brother'and laugh even when [CB] is physically hurt. [LB] sees the adults
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as peers and does not respect them." Id. at 2. The report further stated that LB talks about the acts
frequently, including abuse performed on her and abuse she was made to perform on others.
During her evaluation, LB produced a graphic drawing of Mother sexually abusing her.9 LB
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stated she was forced to drink alcohol. LB was diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.
9 See Petiti~ner's' Exhibit 5, l lf1/14
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The abuse is further rpported by the testimony received from CB's therapist and from
CB. CB is very guarded abor what has happened to him in the past. He is anxious, has
nightmares, has trouble sleeping, has experienced bed wetting, and has anger issues. He has been
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diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.He disclosed being physically
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abused by Mother and witnessing instances of physical and sexual abuse .in Mother's home. He
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offered testimony about the l~ck
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of appropriate sexual bo~daries in Mother's home. He stated
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drugs were used in Mother's home and that the children were forced to drink alcohol. His
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therapist, Mr. Clearwater, testified concerning CB.'s need for therapeutic intervention:
He reported feeling viry angry towards [his father and biological mother] ... he frequently
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lashes out physically ~gainst his sister, and directly and indirectly through activities
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we've done in session;.' he's reported a lot of.anger towards his sister
. . and his mother ... it's
pretty significant. It's way beyond what would be typical in someone his age. N.T.
12/10/14, 189.
Mr. Clearwater further testifiddI that children who have bee~ coached with stories but didn't
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experience them would not display
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the level of anger and associated behaviors that CB displays.
The record supports this Court's conclusion thatthese children have been emotionally
and physically damaged while in the custody of Mother. They manifest symptoms of abuse.
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They do not want to return to Mother's home. The abuse they suffered and witnessed and the
resulting damage to their physical and emotional well-being, ~upports the finding of dependency.
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Mother disputed the claims of abuse and offered testimony from a number of individuals
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that she is an appropriate caregiver, including testimony from a number of CPS caseworkers
from Virginia who investigated a number of referrals regarding the family, including the sexual
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abuse complaint which is th~ subject of this proceeding, all investigations were unfounded. (See
Mother's Exhibits 2, 3, and f·! She also attacked the c~edibility of MOM.
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Michael Yankson, a PS caseworker in Virginia explained that they inade a referral to
Lancaster County to conduct an interview of LB and CB. They received the DVDs of the
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interviews and did not find Je children's testimony to be credible because of the papers they had
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in their possession during thtj interviews. The complaint was deemed to be unfounded by
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Virginia.'? T~s Court strongly disagrees with the Virginia decision. This Court had far more
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extensive evidence to consider, including the ability to personally observe and listen to the
children in Chambers and ., testimony from the ~erapists for the children which supports their
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claims. The fact that their notes were available does not mean their testimony lacked truthfulness
or that they were not crediblei A review of their testimony reflected on the DVDs, which have
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been admitted into evidence, indicates brief references to the items listed and their extensive,
extemporaneous testimony based up on their recollections. This is particularly true of LB's
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testimony. Her description offhings that she experienced were detailed. She was not reading
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from the pages which she brought into the interview. Copies of the pages to which the children
referred are marked as Petitioner's Exhibit 1. The Court also notes with some interest that Mr.
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Y ankson, in response to a question from the Guardian ad Litem for the children, admitted to
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sometimes referencing notes while testifying. N.T. 1/21/15, 385.
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At the hearing on January 21, 2015, Mother also presented testimony to support her claim
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that MOM was a danger to the'. children and she was coaching the children to make claims of
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sexual abuse against Mother. First of all, no matter how much Mother wants to make this case
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about MOM, it is about the ab~se allegations against Mother. Her testimony included the legal
lON.T. 1/21/15, 383-384.
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custody battles in Virginia, af well as testimony on MGM's Adam Walsh report of Child
Abuse/Neglect with a founde1dI disposition of child neglect in VA. CPS conducted an
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investigation in April 2013, based upon reports that the children were left without adult
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supervision. MOM was watching the children while Mother was sleeping. MOM left the children
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in the playground area ofMofber's apartment complex to check into a hotel nearby. Mother was
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at home during this time. N.'D. 1/21/15, 373. The CPS caseworker further testified that this led to
a finding of physical neglect *gainst MOM because MOM did not properly pass responsibility of
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the children, who were playing in a designated playground outside the apartment, back to
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Mother, who was inside the a~artment. It should be noted tha~ CB was seven and a half years of .
age at the time.
Second, CPS provide~ the Agency with additional information regarding the
investigation and the level thr~e (3) finding of physical neglect under Virginia Child Protective
· Services law. The Agency concluded, "based upon communications with the Virginia ·
Department of Social Services, [the Agency] believes.that the above finding does not meet the
standard of a founded report i~ Pennsylvania and that it is not cause for disapproval of the
[MOP's] home for kinship placement of [CB and LB]."11
The Court emphasized ion the record that the purpose of the adjudication/disposition
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hearing was not where the chil\dren would be placed, but whether the children were dependent as
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to Mother and, if found dependent, whether reunification with Mother was appropriate. Much of
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Mother's·rebuttalofthe Agency's evidence hinges on Mother's assertion that MOM is coaching
the children to gain custody. ~e Court did not find evidence of coaching or that MOM planted
the allegations of abuse in their minds. A fair amount of the evidence Mother presented at the
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hearing was to establish the contentious history of custody between Mother and MGM and to
attack MGM's credibility. l
There is no question lat Mother andMGM appear to have what can only be described as
a "love/hate" relationship that has been ongoing for years, with muchof the animosity revolving
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around Mother's parenting. the fact that Virginia authorities conducted numerous investigations
of Mother, which were unfounded, is not dispositive of the issues before this Court. After
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listening and observing MG~ in this hearing, the Court found that she was credible and
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consistent in testimony. It is elear to the Court that she has acted in the best interest of the
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Children in this case and thatlboth are currently doing well in her care. This Court agrees with
the Agency's position that MflM's home was a safe placement for the children and approved the
Ag ency' s request not to remo~e the children based upon this report.
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However, having evaluated the facts developed at the hearing, the Court believes Mother
presents an unreasonable riskto the physical, mental and emotional health of the children. Based
upon totality of the record, the Court declared the children dependent; The facts and
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circumstances presented to this Court unquestionably prove clear and convincing evidence that
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Mother has not met the minimum standards for parental care and support of this child. The
Agency proved by clear and convincing evidence that Mother was unable to provide proper care
and control for these children.'
Next, Mother argues the Court erred in relying on LB's testimony in finding Mother the
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perpetrator of abuse against LB. In the Order and Addendum, the Court agreed with the
Agency's request and the Guardian's recommendation that LB was sexually abused and that
Mother was a perpetrator of tha; abuse.
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The determination of'whether LB suffered abuse and whetherMother was the perpetrator
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of that abuse is guided by the Child Protective Services Law (CPSL) 23 Pa.C.S. §6303(b). The
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pertinent part of the statute ~rovides as follows:
(a) "sexual abuse or z·xploitation" is any of the following:
(.1) The empl yment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement or coercion of a
child to e , gage in or assist another individual to engage in sexually exp licit
conduct.: ·
(2) The emplorment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement or coercion of a
child to engage in or assist another individual to engage in simulation of
sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of producing visual depiction,
including photographing, videotaping, computer depicting arid filming .
. . (b) Child abuse- ! .
(1) the term "c~ild abuse" shall mean any of the following:
(ii) An act or failure to act by a perpetrator which causes non-accidental serious
mental injury to or sexual abuse exploitation of a child under 18 years of age.
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Any recent act, failure to act or serious of failures to act by a perpetrator
(iii)
which creates an imminent risk of serious physical injury to or sexual abuse
or sexual exploitation of a child under 18 years of age.
A perpetrator is defined as "a 'person who has committed child abuse and is a parent of a child, a
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person responsible for the welfare of a child, an individual residing in he same home as a child or
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a paramour of a child's parent," 23 Pa.C.S.A. §6303. Innuendo and suspicion alone are not
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enough to compel finding of childabuse. Matter ofRe·ad. 693 A.2d 607 (Pa. Super 1997).
The child must be qualified to testify as a witness in the case. Whether a child is
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competent to testify depends op his intelligence and comprehension of the obligation to tell the
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truth. Commonwealth v. Allabaugh, 162 Pa. Super. 490, 58 A.2d 184 (1948). In determining
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competency, the court will corsider factors including the child's basic ability to communicate, to
understand questions, and provide appropriate responses, to observe and recall an event, to
differentiate between reality and make-believe, and to understand the consequence of telling a
lie." Commonwealth v. Delbridge, 580 Pa. 68, 859 A.2d 1254 (2004). It is within the Court's
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discretion to determine whether a child will be permitted to testify. Once the child is qualified as
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competent, the judge must determine
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the weight to be given his testimony. The child's testimony
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must be viewed in the conte~tI of his maturity, honesty. and intelligence.
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This Court made factual and credibility determinations to reach its decision. It found the
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evidence was credible and cdnsistent. Mother argues such a finding is not clear and convincing
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because the Court relied upoiI the testimony of LB, which VA caseworkers considered but did
not find credible. The Court disagrees with her argument that LB's testimony was insufficient,
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but notes it also considered the totality of the circumstances. The VA caseworker testified that,
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without interviewing the children themselves.the investigation was determined unfounded
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because the video taken of the Children's Alliance interviews showed that CB and LB brought in
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paper and read from that peper, The children's reliance on a paper is not the only evidence in this
case establishing sexual abuse and, unlike the VA Agency, it is not the sole factor upon which
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the Court based its finding o~abuse. After having reviewed the record, watching the interviews
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with Children's Alliance, haying the benefit of personally interviewing the children, and
considering the testimony of their respective therapists, this Court found their statements to be
consistent and credible that they were abused and that Mother was the perpetrator of that abuse
and the Court resolved the is~ue of credibility in favor of the children.
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It is clear and convincing.that these children were without proper parental care and that
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their sexual abuse would not have
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occurred but for Mother's actions and failure to protect them.
The cumulative effect of LB'~ testimony, her detailed and consistent statements of sexual abuse,
the substantiated child abuse by the Children's Alliance indicated child abuse report, and LB's
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overly sexualize behavior are: sufficient to support of finding of child abuse pursuant to
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§6303(b )(1 )(ii) and (iii). The ;interview of both CB and LB identify Mother as a perpetrator not
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only by omission, but also b} engaging in the acts herself. Mother had a duty to protect her
children from others who mJy inflict harm. In re R.P., 957 A.2d 1205 (Pa. Super. 2008).
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Finally, Mother alleges that there is insufficient evidence in the.record to support the
Court's disposition to not gite Mother a plan because there was no finding of aggravated
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circumstances and.·• Mother dbmonstrated
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she could provide for her children. Once a child has
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been adjudicated dependent,ldispositional decisions in the context of permanency planning are
made according to what is i~ the best interest of the child. In re J.S.W., 438 Pa. Super. 46, 651
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A.2d 167, 169 (1994). The S,uperior Court has held that providing no plan for reunification can
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be an appropriate decision, ~epending on the factual circumstances, even when aggravated
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circumstances are not alleged, In re R.T., 778 A.2d 670 (Pa. Super. 2001).
. .
Based upon the totality of evidence set forth in the record, this Court determined it was in
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the best interest and welfare pf the children that Mother not be provided a plan for reunification,
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without a specific finding of.aggravated circumstances.
Although, the Agency sought a finding of aggravated circumstances against Mother,
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neither the Agency nor the Gaerdian followed the procedural requirements of 42 Pa. C.S.A. §
6334(b). While the Court believes that the record does establish the existence of aggravated
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circumstances against Moth~r, the allegation was not properly before the Court and such a
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finding was never made.
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The totality of the record establishes by clear and convincing evidence that CB and LB
are dependent children, that LB is a victim of sexual .abuse, that Mother was the perpetrator of
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sexual abuse, and that CB and LB have been exposed to and experienced ongoing domestic
violence, inadequate· supervision, unstable housing and a lack of sexual boundaries during their
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young lives. The Court did ~ot find Mother's testimony and the testimony of'herwitnesses to be
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•... . ,·-. ..
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persuasive of her assertion tl\at
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she is capable of providing
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proper parental care to CB and LB.
Based upon this record, it is ~n the best interest of these children that Mother not be given a plan
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for reunification, CB should'remain in the resource home of his MOP. LB should remain in the
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resource home of her MOP *ntil such a time as the requirements of the Interstate Compact have
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been completed and she canibe transferred into the physical and legal custody of Father.
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The Adjudication/Disposition Order entered by the Court on June 6, 2015, should be
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affirmed.
The Clerk of Courts ,s directed to forward the record to the Superior Court.
BY Tiffi COURT:
Date: Jt~·~/.0
(I~ I
2o ,s
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AITEST:
Copies to: Anne Cooper, Agency Attorney
Jeffrey Oonick, Guardian ad Litem
Ri~ffafd 1(Jr6m~fr(f:rvttm1i¥.;s·r~fi6in!'y'}i#:
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Office of Court Administration
Children and Youth Agency (2)
Joshua G. Parsons
Clerk of the Courts
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