Com. v. George, S. ( 2022 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SHAWN GEORGE :
:
Appellant : No. 2102 EDA 2020
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 5, 2020
In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-23-CR-0004157-2015
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED APRIL 14, 2022
Appellant Shawn George appeals from the Order entered in the Court of
Common Pleas of Delaware County on October 5, 2020, denying his first
petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA).1 We affirm.
A prior panel of this Court set forth the relevant facts and procedural
history on direct appeal as follows:
In May 2015, [Appellant] was riding in a stolen car, driven
by Danielle Raffle. Officer David Brockway observed the stolen
vehicle, followed it for about one block and pulled the car over.
When Officer Brockway approached the vehicle, [Appellant] fled
from the car. Raffle told Officer Brockway that [Appellant] had a
gun. Officer Brockway called for backup and [Appellant] was
ultimately arrested. Police found a discarded firearm in the
bushes about thirty yards away from where the arrest took place.
[Appellant] was taken to the police station and given his Miranda3
warnings. Officer William Carey then interviewed [Appellant], and
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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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[Appellant] stated that when Raffle’s car was stopped, he took
the gun and “ran with it,” and later “threw it.” N.T. Jury Trial,
3/30/16, at 121-23.
Following his convictions, the court sentenced [Appellant] to
a term of imprisonment of 3-½ to 7 years for firearms not to be
carried without a license, and to a consecutive term of 5 to 10
years for persons not to possess a firearm.[2] George filed post-
sentence motions, which were denied on February 8, 2017. This
timely appeal followed.
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3 Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
Commonwealth v. George. No. 858 EDA 2017, unpublished memorandum
at 6 (Pa.Super. filed April 6, 2018).
This Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence on April 6, 2018.
See supra. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied Appellant’s Petition for
Allowance of Appeal on August 21, 2018. Commonwealth v. George, 648
Pa. 160, 191 A.3d 1285 (2018). Appellant did not seek discretionary review
in the United States Supreme Court following our Supreme Court’s August 21,
2018, denial of his petition for allowance of appeal.
Appellant filed a PCRA petition pro se on February 28, 2019, and on
March 4, 2019, the PCRA court appointed counsel. On September 3, 2019,
new counsel entered his appearance on behalf of Appellant, and counsel filed
Appellant’s Amended PCRA petition on May 19, 2020. On August 18, 2020,
the PCRA court issued its notice to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA petition without
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2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 6106(a)(1) and 6105(a)(1), respectively.
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a hearing, and the court denied Appellant’s petition without a hearing in its
Order entered on October 5, 2020.
On October 29, 2020, Appellant timely appealed the PCRA court’s Order.
The PCRA court directed Appellant to file a concise statement of matters
complained of on appeal, and on October 29, 2020, Appellant filed his “Concise
Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule
of Appellate Procedure 1925(b)” wherein he raised the following five claims:
1. The Trial Court erred in denying [Appellant] an evidentiary
hearing to offer proof of the Commonwealth's failure to disclose
the deal offered to the Commonwealth's witness, Danielle
Raffole,[3] whereby she would receive a lenient sentence for felony
crimes pending against her, in return for cooperating with the
Commonwealth, as this offer, which would have impacted on her
credibility and could have made a difference in the outcome of the
jury verdict.
2. The Trial Court erred in denying [Appellant] an evidentiary
hearing to offer proof of the Commonwealth’s witness Danielle
Raffole was not credible, especially where the evidence clearly
indicated that the firearm recovered by the police was owned and
possessed by Commonwealth witness Danielle Raffole.
3. The Trial Court erred in denying [Appellant] an evidentiary
hearing to offer forensic and expert evidence that neither
[Appellant’s] fingerprints nor D.N.A. [was] on the firearm and
therefore could not possess the firearm as alleged, under the
circumstances in the case and could have ultimately led to a
reasonable doubt and acquittal in [Appellant’s] criminal case
where he was charged with possession of a [sic].[4]
4. There was insufficient evidence, as a matter of law, to support
the verdict.
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3 The proper spelling of the witness’s surname name is Raffle.
4 This allegation ended mid-sentence.
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5. The verdict was against the law and the weight of the evidence.
For all of the foregoing reasons, [Appellant] respectfully complains
of these issues on appeal and requests that the Court reverse the
order denying his pro se PCRA Petition.
Concise Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal Pursuant to
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b), 10/29/20, at ¶¶ 1-5. The
PCRA court filed its Opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on July 8, 2021.
Therein, the court rejected each of the aforementioned claims on its merits.
In his Brief, Appellant presents the following Statement of Questions
Presented:
1. Whether the Commonwealth failed to disclose to [Appellant],
prior to trial, [a] deal between itself and Danielle Raffole,
Commonwealth witness- that in return for cooperation
Commonwealth would withdraw felony charges against her and
agree to a lenient sentence/disposition of her criminal charges,
in violation of his rights under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S.
83 (1963).
2. Whether [Appellant’s] trial counsel was ineffective for failure to
investigate the criminal background of the key Commonwealth
eyewitness, Danielle Raffole, who offered uncorroborated [sic]
testimony that [Appellant] possessed [a] firearm in [the] case
sub judice, that would have revealed Ms. Raffole's prior
crimen falsi convictions which would have been foundation for
impeaching her credibility and changed the outcome of the
case in favor of [Appellant]?
3. Whether [Appellant’s] trial counsel was ineffective for filing a
motion to suppress [Appellant’s] Mirandized statement, then
inexplicably withdrawing it prior to trial, without [Appellant’s]
permission, knowledge and consent, where [Appellant] sought
to challenge the knowing voluntary and intelligent aspects of
his purported statements to Chester Police Officer William
Carey.
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4. Whether [Appellant’s] trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
call forensic and expert witness[es] who would have testified
that neither [Appellant’s] fingerprints nor D.N.A. were on the
firearm and therefore, [Appellant] could not have possessed
the firearm, which would have directly contradicted the
Commonwealth's evidence and Officer William Carey's
testimony, which would have changed the outcome of the case
in favor of [Appellant]?
5. Whether [Appellant’s] trial counsel was ineffective for allowing
Officer William Carey to testify to matters which were irrelevant
and prejudicial at his trial, without objection, which ultimately
lead or contributed to his conviction?
Brief for Appellant at 4.
This Court reviews the grant or denial of PCRA relief by determining
whether the PCRA court's ruling is supported by the record and free of legal
error. Commonwealth v. Presley, 193 A.3d 436, 442 (Pa.Super. 2018),
appeal denied, 650 Pa. 643, 193 A.3d 436 (2019).
A PCRA petitioner is not automatically entitled to an evidentiary hearing
on his petition. Specifically, a PCRA petition may be dismissed without a
hearing if the PCRA court “is satisfied from [its review of the petition] that
there are no genuine issues concerning any material fact and that the
[petitioner] is not entitled to post-conviction collateral relief, and no purpose
would be served by any further proceedings.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 907(1).
If, however, the PCRA petition raises material issues of fact, the PCRA
court “shall order a hearing.” Pa.R.Crim.P. 908(A)(2). Thus, “[t]o obtain
reversal of a PCRA court's decision to dismiss a petition without a hearing, an
appellant must show that he raised a genuine issue of fact which, if resolved
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in his favor, would have entitled him to relief, or that the court otherwise
abused its discretion in denying a hearing.” Commonwealth v. Paddy, 609
Pa. 272, 291, 15 A.3d 431, 442 (2011) (internal quotations and citations
omitted).
Before we reach the merits of the questions Appellant presents, we must
determine whether he has preserved them for our review. A comparison of
both his concise statement of matters complained of on appeal and his
appellate brief evinces that Appellant develops a theory on appeal regarding
a Brady violation that differs from that which he raised before the trial court.
Specifically, while Appellant calls into question Danielle Raffle’s credibility in
his concise statement, he never alleged therein that the Commonwealth’s
failure to disclose an alleged prior deal between it and Raffle violated his
constitutional rights under Brady. It is the latter, new theory that Appellant
presents in the first issue of his appellate brief.
It is well-settled that issues not included in a court-ordered concise
statement are deemed waived on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii); see
also Commonwealth v. Jones, 191 A.3d 830, 834-35 (Pa.Super. 2018)
(waiving defendant's challenge to identification testimony on appeal under
different theories than those previously raised in concise statement because
trial court did not have opportunity to review those theories);
Commonwealth v. Ryan, 909 A.2d 839, 845 (Pa.Super. 2006) (citing
Commonwealth v. Gordon, 528 A.2d 631, 638 (Pa.Super. 1987), appeal
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denied, 517 Pa. 621 (1988) (reiterating that “[a] theory of error different
from that presented to the trial jurist is waived on appeal, even if both theories
support the same basic allegation of error which gives rise to the claim for
relief.”)). Accordingly, because Appellant develops an argument in support of
this newly raised theory, it is waived.
Notwithstanding, even were we to deem Appellant’s allegation of a
Brady violation to be preserved for our review, we note that this issue could
have been raised at trial and/or on direct appeal. Thus, it is not cognizable
under the PCRA. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(b) (stating “an issue is waived if the
petitioner could have raised it but failed to do so before trial, at trial, during
unitary review, on appeal[,] or in a prior state postconviction proceeding”).
As the Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held:
Appellant makes no attempt to argue to the contrary, he does not
explain why prior counsel could not have uncovered the alleged
violations with reasonable diligence, and he provides no indication
as to when or how he first became aware of the alleged Brady
violations. Accordingly, this issue is waived for that reason as well.
See Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 612 Pa. 333, 365, 30 A.3d
1111, 1129–30 (2011) (concluding that the appellant's Brady
claim concerning an alleged deal between the prosecutor and two
material witnesses was waived for failure to have raised it in an
earlier proceeding).
Commonwealth v. Roney, 622 Pa. 1, 25, 79 A.3d 595, 609 (2013).5
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5 In denying relief on the theory Appellant set forth in his concise statement,
the PCRA court agreed with the Commonwealth that Appellant had failed to
establish that the Commonwealth had withheld any evidence with respect to
(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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Appellant’s remaining issues present various claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel. However, none of these claims were presented in
Appellant’s concise statement of matters complained of on appeal. In fact,
Appellant made no allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel in his
concise statement at all.
This Court and our Supreme Court consistently have ruled that where
the trial court directs a defendant to file a concise statement pursuant to
Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925, any issues not raised in that
statement shall be waived. See supra; see also Commonwealth v.
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Raffle and that this issue had been addressed at trial. In doing so, the PCRA
court reasoned as follows:
The Trial Court did not err in denying [Appellant] an
evidentiary hearing to offer proof of the Commonwealth's failure
to disclose the deal offered to the Commonwealth's witness
because the issue was brought up during the trial proceedings.
During the trial a potential “deal” was brought up by the
Commonwealth during the direct examination of Danielle Raffle.
N.T. 3/30/16, p. 82-85. On direct she was asked questions about
a deal existing, and she denied that a deal of any type existed
between her and the Commonwealth. Id. [Appellant’s] trial
counsel attempted to impeach Ms. Raffle during cross-
examination. N.T. 3/30/16, p. 104-106. Ms. Raffle stayed
consistent, and indicated that there was no deal between the
Commonwealth and her for a more lenient sentence.
The record established that this issue was fully explored at
trial. There is no genuine issue of material fact regarding this
issue.
PCRA Court Opinion, filed 7/8/21, at 2-3.
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Bullock, 948 A.2d 818, 823 (Pa.Super. 2008) (citing Commonwealth v.
Lord, 719 A.2d 306, 308 (Pa. 1998)); Commonwealth v. Oliver, 946 A.2d
1111, 1115 (Pa.Super. 2008) (noting that Lord “requires a finding of waiver
whenever an appellant fails to raise an issue in a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement”). In Commonwealth v. Castillo, 888 A.2d 771, 775
(Pa. 2005), our Supreme Court explained that mandatory waiver of all claims
that do not strictly adhere to Rule 1925(b)’s requirements “provides litigants
with clear rules regarding what is necessary for compliance and certainty of
result for failure to comply.” See id. at 779-80.
Rule 1925 is intended to aid trial judges in identifying and focusing upon
those issues the parties plan to raise on appeal. The absence of a trial court
opinion addressing a particular claim poses a substantial impediment to
meaningful and effective appellate review. Commonwealth v. Lemon, 804
A.2d 34, 36 (Pa.Super. 2002). Thus, Rule 1925 is a crucial component of the
appellate process. Id. at 37. “When a court has to guess what issues an
appellant is appealing, that is not enough for meaningful review.”
Commonwealth v. Dowling, 778 A.2d 683, 686 (Pa.Super. 2001).
Furthermore, claims that are not raised before the trial court are waived.
See Commonwealth v. Lopata, 754 A.2d 685, 689 (Pa.Super. 2000)
(stating that “[a] claim which has not been raised before the trial court cannot
be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Moreover, “[e]ven if the trial court
correctly guesses the issues [an] [a]ppellant raises on appeal and writes an
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opinion pursuant to that supposition the issue is still waived.”
Commonwealth v. Heggins, 809 A.2d 908, 911 (Pa.Super. 2002).
Importantly, the PCRA court’s Rule 1925(a) Opinion herein addresses
only the five issues Appellant raised in his Concise Statement of Matters
Complained of on Appeal Pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure
1925(b). The fact that the PCRA court neither acknowledged nor considered
the novel theories of ineffective assistance of counsel for relief in that Opinion
evinces that Appellant did not present them for its review. Accordingly, we
conclude that because Appellant raises these ineffective assistance of counsel
claims for the first time in his appellate brief, they are waived.
In addition, because Appellant does not develop arguments in his
appellate brief in support of the second through fifth claims he presented in
his concise statement of matters complained of on appeal, these issues are
waived for lack of development. Commonwealth v. Hardy, 918 A.2d 766(Pa.Super. 2007), appeal denied, 596 Pa. 703, 940 A.2d 362 (2008)
(explaining it is an appellant's duty to present arguments that are sufficiently
developed for our review; appellate brief must support claims with pertinent
discussion, with references to record and with citations to legal authorities;
this Court will not act as counsel and will not develop arguments on behalf of
appellant; when defects in brief impede our ability to conduct meaningful
review, we may dismiss appeal entirely or deem certain issues waived).
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Furthermore, even if Appellant had developed arguments in his
appellate brief to support his challenges to the evidence presented at trial
along with the sufficiency of and the weight to be given to such evidence,
claims that he set forth in his concise statement, these issues could have been
raised on direct appeal. As such, we would these issues waived for this reason
as well. See supra.
In fact, this Court considered and dismissed Appellant’s challenge to
the sufficiency of the evidence as to both of his convictions on direct appeal.
Commonwealth v. George. No. 858 EDA 2017, unpublished memorandum
at 2-3 (Pa.Super. filed April 6, 2018). An issue is previously litigated if “the
highest appellate court in which the petitioner could have had review as a
matter of right has ruled on the merits of the issue[.]” 42 Pa.C.S.A. §
9544(a)(2). Therefore, even if not waived, this claim has been previously
litigated.
Significantly, as part of the analysis of the sufficiency of the evidence
claim, this Court also suggested that a challenge to the weight of the evidence
would fail as well (stating “[Appellant] claims that Raffle's testimony is self-
serving. We note this argument goes to the weight rather than the sufficiency
of the evidence. The jury, sitting as the factfinder, “is free to believe all, part,
or none of the evidence and to determine the credibility of the witnesses.”
Ramtahal, 33 A.3d at 609 (citation omitted).”). Id.
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In light of the foregoing, we find Appellant has waived the issues he
presented in his appellate brief and affirm the PCRA court's order dismissing
Appellant's PCRA petition without a hearing. See Commonwealth v.
Williams, 73 A.3d 609, 617 n.4 (Pa.Super. 2013) (“This Court is not bound
by the rationale of the trial court, and we may affirm the trial court on any
basis.”).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/14/2022
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