Com. v. Saunders, H. ( 2023 )

J-A09014-23
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
HOUDINI MASOYAMA SAUNDERS :
:
Appellant : No. 1289 MDA 2022
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 1, 2019
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0001602-2015
BEFORE: BOWES, J., OLSON, J., and KUNSELMAN, J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED APRIL 24, 2023
Houdini Masoyama Saunders appeals from the judgment of sentence
imposed following his convictions for possession of a controlled substance with
intent to deliver and possession of drug paraphernalia. Specifically, Appellant
challenges the trial court’s denial of his Pa.R.Crim.P. 600 motion. We affirm.
We provide the following background. On July 16, 2014, the Dauphin
County Drug Task Force conducted a controlled buy in Susquehanna
Township. In the presence of task force officers, a confidential informant
(“CI”) placed a telephone call to purchase a brick of heroin. Based on the call,
an undercover agent drove the CI to the parking lot of a shopping center.
Shortly thereafter, a rental car with one occupant entered the lot. The CI
entered the passenger side of the rental car, they drove around the parking
lot once, and the CI returned to the undercover agent with forty-two bags of
heroin. Officers followed the rental car as it drove away, conducted a traffic
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stop, and identified the driver and sole occupant as Appellant. Pursuant to
the ongoing investigation, Appellant was not arrested or detained at that time.
On October 29, 2014, Appellant was charged by criminal information
with the drug-related charges. Of relevance to the instant appeal, on
March 16, 2015, Appellant was transported to state prison for a state parole
detainer. When he did not appear at his formal arraignment, which had been
scheduled for May 11, 2015, the court issued a bench warrant. Appellant was
arrested and detained on the bench warrant on August 17, 2016. Appellant
posted bail and thereafter filed pro se motions to dismiss the charges pursuant
to Rule 600. The court held a Rule 600 hearing on October 7, 2016, but
Appellant failed to appear. The court dismissed the motions and scheduled
the next court date for November 16, 2016. Throughout these proceedings,
Appellant had a pending application with the public defender’s office for
representation. After being appointed to represent Appellant, the public
defender’s office twice filed a motion for continuance on Appellant’s behalf,
which the court granted, continuing the matter until March 1, 2017.
Between that date and January 3, 2018, the case was rescheduled
multiple times, resulting in a scheduled court date for March 7, 2018.
However, on February 5, 2018, Appellant filed a counselled motion to dismiss
pursuant to Rule 600. Therein, he argued that more than 1,000 days had
passed since the filing of the complaint, much of the delay was directly
attributable to the Commonwealth, and, with respect to his parole detainer,
“even a minimal exercise of due diligence on the part of the Commonwealth
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would have revealed [Appellant’s] location.” Rule 600 Motion to Dismiss,
2/5/18, at ¶ 8. The court held a Rule 600 hearing solely focusing on the period
of delay while Appellant was in state custody. After taking the matter under
advisement, the court denied Appellant’s Rule 600 motion. Appellant
proceeded to a jury trial and was convicted of the aforementioned crimes and
sentenced to an aggregate term of incarceration of two to six years. Appellant
timely appealed to this Court, but we dismissed the appeal for failure to file a
brief.
Upon petition, the trial court reinstated Appellant’s post-sentence and
direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. Appellant timely filed post-sentence
motions nunc pro tunc, which the trial court denied, and another appeal to
this Court followed. Appellant’s challenges regarding jury instructions and the
sufficiency and weight of the evidence garnered him no relief. See
Commonwealth v. Saunders, 273 A.3d 1020 (Pa.Super. 2022) (non-
precedential decision at 6-13). With respect to his Rule 600 claim, we
conducted an extensive review and determined that there were 236 days of
delay for which the record was silent as to causation and could be dispositive
as to whether he “had a valid Rule 600 claim on the date he filed his motion
to dismiss.” Id. (non-precedential decision at 21). As “the trial court failed
to provide an adequate analysis regarding all periods of pretrial delay in the
instant case[,]” we remanded “for the limited purpose of conducting a
supplemental Rule 600 hearing where the court can consider the delays that
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occurred following Appellant’s 2016 release from state custody.” Id. (non-
precedential decision at 22).
The trial court held the supplemental Rule 600 hearing and issued a
supplemental opinion, finding “the entirety of the 236 days in issue to be
excludable delay under Rule 600 and that the Commonwealth exercised due
diligence.” Trial Court Supplemental Opinion, 12/22/22, at 3. This timely
appeal followed. No additional PA.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinions or 1925(b) concise
statements of error were filed in connection with this appeal, and Appellant
presents a single issue for our review: “Whether the trial court abused its
discretion when it denied Appellant’s motion to dismiss the criminal docket
pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 600?” Appellant’s brief at 7 (capitalization altered).
We begin with the applicable legal principles.
Our standard of review of a Rule 600 determination is whether the
trial court abused its discretion. An abuse of discretion is not
merely an error of judgment, but if in reaching a conclusion the
law is overridden or misapplied, or the judgment exercised is
manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias
or ill will[,] discretion is abused. Our scope of review is limited to
the record evidence from the speedy trial hearing and the findings
of the lower court, reviewed in the light most favorable to the
prevailing party.
Commonwealth v. Morgan, 239 A.3d 1132, 1137 (Pa.Super. 2020) (cleaned
up). When reviewing a trial court’s discretion, we are “not permitted to ignore
the dual purpose behind Rule 600[,]” namely, “(1) the protection of the
accused’s speedy trial rights, and (2) the protection of society.”
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Commonwealth v. Martz, 232 A.3d 801, 809-10 (Pa.Super. 2020) (cleaned
up).
Rule 600 provides in pertinent part as follows:
(A) Commencement of Trial; Time for Trial
(1) For the purpose of this rule, trial shall be deemed to
commence on the date the trial judge calls the case to trial,
or the defendant tenders a plea of guilty or nolo contendere.
(2) Trial shall commence within the following time periods.
(a) Trial in a court case in which a written complaint
is filed against the defendant shall commence within
365 days from the date on which the complaint is filed.
....
(C) Computation of Time
(1) For purposes of paragraph (A), periods of delay at any
stage of the proceedings caused by the Commonwealth
when the Commonwealth has failed to exercise due
diligence shall be included in the computation of the time
within which trial must commence. Any other periods of
delay shall be excluded from the computation.
....
(3)(a) When a judge or issuing authority grants or denies a
continuance:
(i) the issuing authority shall record the identity of the
party requesting the continuance and the reasons for
granting or denying the continuance; and
(ii) the judge shall record the identity of the party
requesting the continuance and the reasons for
granting or denying the continuance. The judge also
shall record to which party the period of delay caused
by the continuance shall be attributed, and whether
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the time will be included in or excluded from the
computation of the time within which trial must
commence in accordance with this rule.
....
(D) Remedies
(1) When a defendant has not been brought to trial within the time
periods set forth in paragraph (A), at any time before trial, the
defendant's attorney, or the defendant if unrepresented, may file
a written motion requesting that the charges be dismissed with
prejudice on the ground that this rule has been violated. A copy
of the motion shall be served on the attorney for the
Commonwealth concurrently with filing. The judge shall conduct
a hearing on the motion.
Pa.R.Crim.P. 600.
Here, the Commonwealth filed the criminal complaint against Appellant
on October 29, 2014, and it was required to bring Appellant to trial within 365
days of that filing. However, Appellant was not brought to trial until
January 15, 2019, more than three years after the expiration of Appellant’s
mechanical run date. As detailed by Rule 600, a defendant’s run date may be
adjusted.
The adjusted run date is calculated by adding to the mechanical
run date . . . both excludable time and excusable
delay. “Excludable time” is classified as periods of delay caused
by the defendant. “Excusable delay” occurs where the delay is
caused by circumstances beyond the Commonwealth’s control and
despite its due diligence. Due diligence is a fact-specific concept
that must be determined on a case-by-case basis. Due diligence
does not require perfect vigilance and punctilious care, but rather
a showing by the Commonwealth that a reasonable effort has
been put forth. Due diligence includes, inter alia, listing a case for
trial prior to the run date, preparedness for trial within the run
date, and keeping adequate records to ensure compliance
with Rule 600. Periods of delay caused by the Commonwealth’s
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failure to exercise due diligence must be included in the
computation of time within which trial must commence.
Martz, supra at 810–11 (cleaned up). Stated simply, “when the
Commonwealth causes delay, the Rule 600 clock continues to tick; when the
defendant causes the delay, the clock stops.” Morgan, supra at 1137
(cleaned up).
To obtain relief, a defendant must “have a valid Rule 600 claim at the
time” of filing the motion to dismiss. Commonwealth v. Hunt, 858 A.2d
1234, 1243 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en banc). Appellant filed the instant Rule 600
motion on February 5, 2018. This Court has already conducted a thorough
review of the record created at the trial court’s first Rule 600 hearing on this
motion, as summarized by the following chart:
DATES ACTIVITY DAYS EXCLUDABLE ADJUSTED
DELAY RUN DATE
10/29/14- Commonwealth filed 134 No 10/29/15
3/12/15 criminal complaint; court
conducted preliminary
arraignment
3/12/15- Court conducted 60 No 10/29/15
5/11/15 preliminary hearing;
court granted Appellant’s
release on unsecured
bail; court scheduled
formal arraignment for
5/11/15
5/11/15- Prior to formal 464 Excludable; 2/4/17
8/17/16 arraignment, Appellant Appellant
was transported to state failed to
prison for a state parole appear at
detainer; Appellant did court
not appear for formal proceeding,
arraignment; court despite
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issued bench warrant having
due to Appellant’s failure reasonable
to appear notice
8/17/16- Appellant was arrested 28 No 2/4/17
9/14/16 and detained on the
bench warrant; docket
indicates Appellant
posted bail on 8/22/16
9/14/16- Appellant filed pro se 63 Excludable; 4/8/17
11/16/16 Rule 600 motions; Appellant’s
Appellant did not appear pretrial filing
at Rule 600 hearing; created
court dismissed pro se delay
Rule 600 motion; court
did not issue bench
warrant, as it decided to
wait and see if Appellant
appeared at next
scheduled listing on
11/16/16
11/16/16- Appellant requested 78 Excludable; 6/25/17
2/2/17 continuance; court continuance
granted continuance requested
until 2/2/17; Appellant
expressly agreed to
waive this period for
Rule 600 purposes
2/2/17- Appellant requested 27 Excludable; 7/22/17
3/1/17 continuance; court continuance
granted continuance requested
until 3/1/17; Appellant
expressly agreed to
waive this period for
Rule 600 purposes
Saunders, supra (non-precedential decision at 20-21).
Between March 1, 2017, and February 5, 2018, the date that Appellant
filed the instant Rule 600 motion, Appellant’s case was rescheduled
approximately six times. We determined that, based on the record before us,
the docket indicated “that Appellant’s unavailability created one stretch of
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delay: the 105-day period from August 2, 2017[,] through November 15,
2017.” Id. (non-precedential decision at 21). However, as discussed
hereinabove, that still left 236 days unaccounted for: March 1, 2017, to
August 2, 2017, and November 15, 2017, to February 5, 2018. Since the
merits of Appellant’s Rule 600 claim hinged on how much of that period was
considered excludable, we remanded for the trial court to “consider the delays
that occurred following Appellant’s 2016 release from state custody.” Id.
(non-precedential decision at 22) (citation omitted).
At the supplemental Rule 600 hearing following remand, the
Commonwealth admitted seven transcripts, wherein Appellant’s counsel
requested continuances on the record and waived Rule 600 on Appellant’s
behalf. See N.T. Continuance, 3/1/17, at 2 (requesting defense continuance
until April 19, 2017, and waiving Rule 600); N.T. Continuance, 4/19/17, at 2
(requesting defense continuance until July 12, 2017, and waiving Rule 600);
N.T. Continuance, 7/12/17, at 2 (requesting defense continuance until
September 27, 2017, and waiving Rule 600); N.T. Continuance, 9/27/17, at
2 (requesting defense continuance until November 15, 2017, and waiving Rule
600); N.T. Continuance, 11/15/17, at 2 (requesting defense continuance until
January 3, 2018, and waiving Rule 600); N.T. Continuance, 1/3/18, at 2
(requesting defense continuance until March 7, 2018, and waiving Rule 600).
In support of his Rule 600 motion, Appellant testified he was unaware
that his counsel had requested those continuances and that he believed they
were instead pursuing a Rule 600 motion. See N.T., 6/17/22, at 6-8, 10. In
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other words, Appellant insisted that because he was unaware of the
continuances, they could not be counted against him for Rule 600 purposes.
The trial court rejected Appellant’s argument and instead found the entirety
of the 236 days excludable and that the Commonwealth exercised due
diligence. See Trial Court Supplemental Opinion, 12/22/22, at 3. Expounding
on its conclusion, the trial court held that
[i]t defies logic to suggest that the Commonwealth caused the
continuances in question. The record demonstrates that each
relevant continuance was requested by [Appellant’s] counsel and
was granted by this court. The Commonwealth simply did not
cause the delay at issue. It appears to this court that [Appellant]
is trying to fit a square peg into a round hole by attempting to jam
an ineffective assistance argument into a Rule 600 claim.
Id. at 4 (capitalization altered).
We agree with the trial court. Appellant offers no authority in support
of his contention that for Rule 600 purposes a defense attorney must obtain
permission from the defendant before requesting a continuance. In fact, this
Court has previously explained that no such authority exists. See
Commonwealth v. Watson, 140 A.3d 696, 699 (Pa.Super. 2016)
(“Addressing [Watson’s] claim of trial court error first, we observe that he
directs us to no authority, and we are aware of none, to support his contention
that counsel must obtain a defendant’s permission prior to requesting a
continuance.” (footnote omitted)). “To the contrary, we have recognized that
continuances are a matter of sound trial strategy within the reasonable
purview of counsel.” Id. (cleaned up). As aptly observed by the trial court,
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“[t]o the extent Appellant’s argument may be construed as alleging ineffective
assistance of trial counsel, he must defer such a claim to PCRA review.” Id.at 699 n.4 (citations omitted). Accordingly, since the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in considering the 236-day delay caused by defense
continuances to be excludable time, Appellant is not entitled to relief.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 04/24/2023
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