Com. v. Jones, T. ( 2019 )

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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
TRAE JONES :
:
Appellant : No. 1067 WDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered June 27, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-02-CR-0010661-2011
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J.E., SHOGAN, J., and COLINS*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED JUNE 18, 2019
Appellant, Trae Jones, appeals from the order dismissing his petition
seeking habeas corpus relief, or alternatively, a remedy pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful
review, we conclude that the PCRA court properly treated Appellant’s filing as
an untimely PCRA petition and correctly dismissed the petition. Accordingly,
we affirm.1
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1 Counsel for Appellant, Jacob C. McCrea, Esquire, has filed appeals involving
six defendants, all of whom are convicted sex offenders, at the following
Superior Court docket numbers: Commonwealth v. Robinson at 1057-1058
WDA 2018; Commonwealth v. Bres at 1060 WDA 2018; Commonwealth
v. Brant at 1061 WDA 2018; Commonwealth v. Preik at 1062-1063 WDA
2018; Commonwealth v. Pruitt at 1064-1066 WDA 2018; and
Commonwealth v. Jones at 1067 WDA 2018. The issues raised in all of
these appeals are identical; however, each defendant’s appeal is addressed in
a separate memorandum.
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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The PCRA court set forth the relevant facts and procedural history of
this case as follows:
[Appellant] was charged with Involuntary Deviate Sexual
Intercourse with a Child,1 Unlawful Contact with a Minor,2 Indecent
Assault of a Person Under 13,3 Corruption of Minors,4 Carrying a
Firearm Without a License5 and Terroristic Threats.6 He appeared
before this Court on March [5], 2012[,] when, pursuant to a plea
agreement with the Commonwealth, he pled guilty to Sexual
Assault7 (as amended from the IDSI charge), Indecent Assault,
Dissemination of Explicit Sexual Materials to a Minor8 (as amended
from the Corruption of Minors charge) and Carrying a Firearm
Without a License. The remaining charges were withdrawn. He
was immediately sentenced, also per the agreement, to a term of
imprisonment of three and one half (3 1/2) to seven (7) years
with a subsequent term of probation of three (3) years and
lifetime registration pursuant to Megan’s Law. No Post-Sentence
Motions were filed and no direct appeal was taken.
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3123(b)
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6318.1
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3126(a)(7)
4 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301(a)(1)
5 18 Pa.C.S.A. §6106(a)(1)
6 18 Pa.C.S.A. §2706(a)(1)
7 18 Pa.C.S.A. §3124
8 18 Pa.C.S.A. §5903(c)(1)
No further action was taken until May 1, 2018, when
[Appellant] filed a pro se Post Conviction Relief Act Petition
alleging that, pursuant to Commonwealth v. Muniz, 169 A.3d 1189(Pa. 2017), his lifetime registration was unconstitutional. Counsel
was appointed to represent [Appellant] and an Amended Petition
was filed. The Commonwealth, through the Office of the District
Attorney filed a response to the Amended Petition. Thereafter, the
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Pennsylvania State Police, through the Office of the Attorney
General, sought and was granted permission to intervene. After
giving the appropriate notice of its intent to do so, this Court
dismissed the Amended Petition on June 27, 2018 without a
hearing. …
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/10/18, at 1-2. The PCRA court dismissed Appellant’s
PCRA petition because it was untimely filed. Id. at 4. Appellant filed a timely
notice of appeal, and both the PCRA court and Appellant complied with
Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for this Court’s
consideration:
1. Whether the trial court erred in ruling that it lacked
jurisdic[ti]on to adjudicate the merits of the amended PCRA
petition and/or petition for writ of habeas corpus?
2. Whether the trial court erred by not ruling that Act 10 of 2018
is unconstitutional under the federal and state ex post facto and
double jeopardy clauses?
Appellant’s Brief at 5 (full capitalization omitted).
At the outset, we must determine first whether Appellant’s petition was
correctly deemed a PCRA petition or whether it should have been considered
a petition for habeas corpus relief. Appellant argues that his filing should have
been treated as a habeas corpus petition because the relief sought in the
petition falls outside of the strictures of the PCRA pursuant to the holding in
Commonwealth v. Bundy, 96 A.3d 390 (Pa. Super. 2014). Appellant’s Brief
at 10. We disagree.
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In Bundy, this Court held that the PCRA did not apply to challenges to
sex offender registration requirements under Megan’s Law because claims
under Megan’s Law did not implicate the conviction or sentence. Bundy, 96
A.3d at 394. However, due to substantial changes in the law of sex offender
registration, Bundy does not apply to Appellant’s petition.
After the enactment of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification
Act (“SORNA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9799.10-9799.42, which replaced Megan’s Law,
our Supreme Court determined that the SORNA registration provisions are
punitive in nature and that retroactive application of SORNA’s requirements
violates both the Pennsylvania and federal ex post facto clauses.
Commonwealth v. Muniz, 164 A.3d 1189, 1193 (Pa. 2017). Furthermore,
the punitive nature of SORNA’s registration requirements impact the legality
of a sex offender’s sentence. Commonwealth v. Butler, 173 A.3d 1212,
1215 (Pa. Super. 2017), appeal granted, 190 A.3d 581 (Pa. 2018).2
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2 Following the decisions in Muniz and Butler, our General Assembly passed
Acts 10 and 29 of 2018 in an effort to address SORNA’s constitutional defects.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9799.51(b)(4). Specifically, the General Assembly modified the
registration requirements for offenders convicted of committing offenses on
or after SORNA’s effective date, December 20, 2012. The General Assembly
also added Subchapter I to Title 42, Part VII, Chapter 97. Subchapter I sets
forth registration requirements for offenders convicted of committing offenses
on or after the effective date of Megan’s Law I, April 22, 1996, but prior to
SORNA’s effective date of December 20, 2012. Subchapter I applies to
offenders whose period of registration has not expired, and offenders required
to register under a prior sexual offender registration law on or after April 22,
1996, but before December 20, 2012, whose period of registration has not
expired. Recently, pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 722(7), our Supreme Court
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Therefore, Appellant’s claims challenging the application of SORNA’s
registration requirements, as opposed to the requirements under Megan’s
Law, are issues concerning the legality of a sentence and cognizable under the
PCRA. Commonwealth v. Greco, 203 A.3d 1120, 1123 (Pa. Super. 2019)
(citing Commonwealth v. Murphy, 180 A.3d 402, 405-406 (Pa. Super.
2018), appeal denied, 195 A.3d 559 (Pa. 2018)). Thus, because Appellant is
challenging the application of SORNA, the decision in Bundy is immaterial,
and the PCRA court properly considered Appellant’s claims under the PCRA.
See Commonwealth v. Montgomery, 181 A.3d 359, 367 (Pa. Super. 2018)
(noting that the PCRA is the sole means of obtaining collateral relief, and it
encompasses all other common law and statutory remedies including habeas
corpus) (citing 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542)).
When reviewing the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, we
consider the record “in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the
PCRA level.” Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 872 (Pa. Super.
2015) (quoting Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(en banc)). We are limited to determining whether the evidence of record
supports the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is free of
legal error. Commonwealth v. Robinson, 139 A.3d 178, 185 (Pa. 2016).
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granted a direct appeal from a decision in the Montgomery County Court of
Common Pleas to determine whether Acts 10 and 29 are constitutional.
Commonwealth v. Lacombe, 35 MAP 2018 (Pa. 2018).
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The PCRA court’s findings will not be disturbed unless there is no support for
them in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Lippert, 85 A.3d 1095,
1100 (Pa. Super. 2014).
A PCRA petition must be filed within one year of the date that the
judgment of sentence becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1). A judgment
of sentence “becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including
discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the
review.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3). This time requirement is mandatory and
jurisdictional in nature, and the court may not ignore it in order to reach the
merits of the petition. Commonwealth v. Taylor, 67 A.3d 1245, 1248 (Pa.
2013).
However, an untimely petition may be received when the petition
alleges, and the petitioner proves, that any of the three limited exceptions to
the time for filing the petition, set forth at 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and
(iii), is met.3 A petition invoking one of these exceptions must be filed within
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3 The exceptions to the timeliness requirement are:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of
interference by government officials with the presentation of the
claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth
or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
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one year of the date the claim could first have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(2).4
Our review of the record reflects that the trial court imposed Appellant’s
judgment of sentence on March 5, 2012, and Appellant did not file a direct
appeal. Therefore, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on April 4,
2012, thirty days after the trial court imposed the judgment of sentence and
Appellant failed to file a direct appeal with this Court. See 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(3); Pa.R.A.P. 903(a). Thus, in order to be timely, Appellant needed
to file this PCRA petition on or before April 4, 2013. Appellant did not file the
instant PCRA petition until May 1, 2018.5 Accordingly, Appellant’s PCRA
petition is patently untimely.
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(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown
to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the
exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was
recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in
this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii).
4 We note that Section 9545(b)(2) was amended on October 24, 2018,
effective sixty days later on December 24, 2018, and extended the time for
filing from sixty days of the date the claim could have been presented to one
year. The amendment applies to claims arising on December 24, 2017, or
thereafter. See Act 2018, Oct. 24, P.L. 894, No. 146, § 3.
5 Appellant filed an amended petition on June 15, 2018.
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However, we reiterate, if a petitioner does not file a timely PCRA
petition, his petition nevertheless may be received under any of the three
limited exceptions to the timeliness requirements of the PCRA. 42 Pa.C.S.
§ 9545(b)(1). Here, Appellant has failed to plead and prove any exception to
the PCRA time bar. Thus, the PCRA court properly denied his petition.
Furthermore, assuming Appellant presented the holding in Muniz as an
exception to the PCRA time bar under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(iii), we would
still conclude that no relief is due. As this Court recently explained:
[W]e acknowledge that this Court has declared that, “Muniz
created a substantive rule that retroactively applies in the
collateral context.” Commonwealth v. Rivera-Figueroa, 174
A.3d 674, 678 (Pa. Super. 2017). However, because Appellant's
PCRA petition is untimely (unlike the petition at issue in Rivera-
Figueroa), he must demonstrate that the Pennsylvania Supreme
Court has held that Muniz applies retroactively in order to satisfy
section 9545(b)(1)(iii). See Abdul–Salaam, supra. Because at
this time, no such holding has been issued by our Supreme Court,
Appellant cannot rely on Muniz to meet that timeliness exception.
Murphy, 180 A.3d at 405-406 (emphasis in original).
Because our Supreme Court has not held that Muniz applies
retroactively to untimely PCRA petitions, Appellant cannot satisfy his burden
to plead and prove applicability of one of the exceptions to the timeliness
requirement. Accordingly, had this exception to the PCRA time bar been
properly raised, we would conclude that the PCRA court properly dismissed
Appellant’s petition as untimely.
In sum, the PCRA court correctly treated Appellant’s filing as a PCRA
petition, concluded that the petition was untimely, and found that Appellant
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failed to establish the applicability of any exception to the PCRA timing
requirements. PCRA Court Opinion, 10/10/18, at 4. As such, the PCRA court
lacked jurisdiction to address any claims presented. See Commonwealth v.
Fairiror, 809 A.2d 396, 398 (Pa. Super. 2002) (holding that PCRA court lacks
jurisdiction to hear an untimely petition).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/18/2019
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