Christopher Lewis v. State of Tennessee ( 2016 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs June 21, 2016
CHRISTOPHER LEWIS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Putnam County
No. 100875 David A. Patterson, Judge
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No. M2015-01198-CCA-R3-PC – Filed October 31, 2016
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The petitioner, Christopher Lewis, appeals the dismissal of his petition for post-
conviction relief in which he challenged his second degree murder conviction and
resulting fifteen-year sentence. On appeal, the petitioner contends that the post-
conviction court erred in summarily dismissing the petition due to various deficiencies in
the petition. Following our review of the record and the applicable law, we conclude that
the post-conviction court erred in summarily dismissing the petition for post-conviction
relief without first providing the petitioner with the opportunity to correct the
deficiencies. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the post-conviction court and
remand for further proceedings.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Reversed;
Remanded
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which NORMA
MCGEE OGLE. J., joined. TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., filed a concurring opinion.
Robert L. Sirianni, Jr., Winter Park, Florida, for the appellant, Christopher Lewis.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Senior Counsel;
Bryant C. Dunaway, District Attorney General; and Beth Elana Willis, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
In May 2012, a jury convicted the petitioner of the second degree murder of his
wife, Amy Lewis. The trial court imposed a fifteen-year sentence. This court affirmed
the petitioner’s conviction on direct appeal. See State v. Christopher Lewis, No. M2013-
00212-CCA-R3-CD, 2013 WL 6199278, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Nov. 27, 2013), perm.
app. denied (Tenn. Apr. 10, 2014).
On April 6, 2015, the petitioner, through counsel, filed a petition for post-
conviction relief, alleging that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. On April 8,
2015, the post-conviction court entered an order dismissing the petition. The court found
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the petition is insufficient on its face as it is not signed by the Petitioner,
and the claims made therein are not verified under oath by the Petitioner.
Further, the petition is not signed by the Petitioner’s attorney and the
Petitioner’s attorney has failed to sign the Certificate of Service attached to
the petition, verifying that the Petition for Post[-]Conviction Relief is
properly certified.
This Court lacks authority to consider the petition filed on behalf of
Christopher Lewis as it has not been signed and as its claims are not
verified.
The petitioner filed an untimely notice of appeal. This court subsequently entered
an order waiving the timely filing of the notice of appeal.
ANALYSIS
The petitioner contends that the post-conviction court erred in dismissing his
petition without first granting him the opportunity to remedy the deficiencies. The State
responds that the post-conviction court properly dismissed the petition.
A petition for post-conviction relief and any amended petition “shall be verified
under oath.” T.C.A. § 40-30-104(e); see Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28 § 5(E)(2) (requiring that a
post-conviction petition include an affidavit from the petitioner). “It is imperative that
factual allegations be made and that the petition be verified as true under oath.”
Hutcherson v. State, 75 S.W.3d 929, 931 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2001). The purpose of this
requirement is to “deter or to reduce intentionally false allegations primarily made by
petitioners by exposing them to aggravated perjury charges,” which ultimately results in a
more efficient use of the judicial system. Sexton v. State, 151 S.W.3d 525, 530 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 2004). “Whether prepared by a petitioner or by counsel, the petition and its
amendments must be verified under oath.” Id.
The petitioner asserts that on May 15, 2015, he filed a “corrected” post-conviction
petition that was verified under oath. He references a copy of a petition for post-
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conviction relief that he attached to a pleading filed in this court. The petition, however,
is not stamped as filed by the trial court clerk and is not included in the appellate record.
This court cannot consider documents attached to pleadings and briefs filed in this court
but not included in the appellate record. See State v. Derek Gene Clark, No. E2014-
01142-CCA-R3-CD, 2015 WL 3563490, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 9, 2015) (citations
omitted) no perm. app. filed. Accordingly, we may not consider the “corrected” petition.
Moreover, we note that the petition’s purported filing date of May 15, 2015, was more
than thirty days after the trial court entered its order of dismissal.
Although the petitioner’s counsel prepared the petition for post-conviction relief,
the petitioner was required to verify the petition under oath but failed to do so.
“Petitions which are incomplete shall be filed by the clerk, but shall be completed as set
forth in an order entered in accordance with § 40-30-106(d).” T.C.A. § 40-30-104(b).
Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-106(d) provides that if “the petition was filed
pro-se, the judge may enter an order stating that the petitioner must file an amended
petition that complies with this section within fifteen (15) days or the petition will be
dismissed.” Furthermore, “[n]o pro se petition shall be dismissed for failure to follow the
prescribed form until the court has given petitioner a reasonable opportunity to amend the
petition with the assistance of counsel.” Tenn. S. Ct. R. 28 § 6(B)(4)(b). While these
provisions relate to pro se petitioners, this court has recognized a post-conviction court’s
authority to allow a petitioner the opportunity to correct a petition that had been filed by
counsel and had not verified by the petitioner. See Sexton, 151 S.W.3d at 530
(concluding that the petitioner’s failure to verify under oath an amended petition prepared
by counsel did not limit the petitioner’s claims raised in the amended petition when the
post-conviction court did not notify the petitioner of the deficiency until the evidentiary
hearing, the petitioner verified previous pleadings under oath, the court “easily could
have allowed the petitioner to verify” the amended petition, and the court heard sworn
testimony from the petitioner and trial counsel relative to the claims raised in the
amended petition).
We recognize that in Holton v. State, 201 S.W.3d 626, 635 (Tenn. 2006), the
Tennessee Supreme Court held that the post-conviction court lacked the authority to
consider a post-conviction petition filed on behalf of the petitioner by the Office of the
Post-Conviction Defender where the petition was not signed or verified by the petitioner.
In Holton, however, counsel sought to file the petition as a “next friend” without the
express permission of the petitioner; the petitioner was opposed to the petition; and our
supreme court held that counsel failed to establish a “next friend” basis upon which to
proceed. Holton, 201 S.W.3d at 635. In the present case, however, the record does not
establish that counsel filed the petition as a “next friend” without the petitioner’s
permission, and neither party has raised this claim on appeal.
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Two days after the petitioner filed his petition, the post-conviction court entered
an order summarily dismissing the petition. Prior to the dismissal, the petitioner was not
notified of the deficiencies, and the post-conviction court did not provide the petitioner
with the opportunity to correct the deficiency by verifying the petition under oath. We
conclude that under the circumstances of this case, the post-conviction court should have
granted the petitioner the opportunity to correct the problem and erred by failing to do so.
Counsel for the petitioner also failed to sign the petition and file a certificate of
counsel in accordance with Tennessee Supreme Court Rule 28, section 6(C)(3). “If
retained counsel has prepared or assisted in preparing the initial petition and intends to
represent petitioner, counsel shall sign the initial petition and shall file [a] certificate of
counsel.” Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 6(C)(4). Retained counsel must certify that he or she
(1) has “thoroughly investigated the possible constitutional violations alleged by
petitioner ... and any other ground that petitioner may have for relief”; (2) has “discussed
other possible constitutional grounds with petitioner”; (3) has “raised all non-frivolous
constitutional grounds warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the
extension, modification, or reversal of existing law which petitioner has”; and (4) is
“aware that any ground not raised shall be forever barred ... and ha[s] explained this to
petitioner.” Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 6(C)(3), app. C; see Frazier v. State, 303 S.W.3d
674, 681 (Tenn. 2010). Post-conviction counsel functions “not to protect [petitioners]
from the prosecutorial forces of the State, but to shape their complaints into the proper
legal form and to present those complaints to the court.” Frazier, 303 S.W.3d at 682
(quoting People v. Owens, 564 N.E.2d 1184, 1190 (1990)). These rules “set forth a
minimum standard of service to which post-conviction counsel is held.” Id. at 681.
Appointed counsel who fails to comply with Rule 28, § 6(C) may be denied
compensation. Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 6(C)(5). The Rule, however, does not provide for
dismissal for counsel’s failure to include the certification.
We note that in the present case, the petition for post-conviction relief was
comprehensive and included specific allegations of fact to support each claim. The
petition, however, was not signed by the petitioner or counsel and was not verified by the
petitioner under oath. The trial court clerk was required by statute to file the petition
upon receipt regardless of any deficiencies, including counsel’s failure to sign the petition
or have the petitioner verify the petition before filing it. See T.C.A. § 40-30-104(b). The
petition was filed shortly before the one-year statute of limitations expired. See id. § 40-
30-102(a). Moreover, because this court has rejected claims that counsel’s failure to fully
comply with Rule 28 justifies a new hearing, a dismissal based upon counsel’s failure to
comply with Rule 28 and follow the prescribed form of a petition would forever bar the
petitioner from seeking post-conviction relief. See, e.g., Thaddeus Johnson v. State, No.
W2014-00053-CCA-R3-PC, 2014 WL 7401989, at *9 (Tenn. Crim. App. Dec. 29, 2014),
perm. app. denied (Tenn. May 18, 2015) (rejecting the petitioner’s claim that he was
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entitled to a new evidentiary hearing due to counsel’s failure to comply with Rule 28).
Finally, the deficiencies could have been easily corrected had the petitioner verified the
petition under oath, as he attempted to do after the post-conviction court’s judgment had
become final. Based upon the unique circumstances of this case, we conclude that the
post-conviction court should have provided the petitioner with a reasonable opportunity
to correct the petition before summarily dismissing the petition.
CONCLUSION
Based upon our review of the record and the applicable law, we reverse the
judgment of the post-conviction court and remand the case to the post-conviction court
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
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JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
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