State of Tennessee v. Robert Edward Boling ( 2013 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
March 27, 2012 Session
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ROBERT EDWARD BOLING
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Sullivan County
No. S52,723 Robert H. Montgomery, Judge
No. E2011-00429-CCA-R3-CD - Filed March 5, 2013
This is the second appeal as of right by Defendant, Robert Edward Boling, from his
conviction in the Sullivan County Criminal Court for aggravated robbery. In his first appeal
as of right, this Court addressed only the issue of the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain
the conviction, affirmed the conviction on that issue, and refused to address all other issues
because they were waived by Defendant’s attorney’s failure to timely file a motion for new
trial. See State v. Robert Edward Boling, No. E2008-00351-CCA-R3-CD, 2009 WL 482763(Tenn. Crim. App. Feb. 26, 2009) no perm. app. filed. Subsequently, Defendant timely filed
a petition for post-conviction relief. The post-conviction court granted Defendant a delayed
appeal pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-113(a)(1)(“When the trial judge
conducting a hearing pursuant to [the Post-conviction Procedure Act] finds that the petitioner
was denied the right to an appeal from the original conviction in violation of the Constitution
of the United States or the Constitution of Tennessee . . . the judge can . . . grant a delayed
appeal;”). In accordance with our supreme court’s opinion in Wallace v. State, 121 S.W.3d
652 (Tenn. 2003), the untimely motion for new trial being a nullity, Defendant was granted
the ability to file a timely motion for new trial. He did, and it was overruled. Defendant now
appeals his conviction for the second time and appropriately raises two issues for our review
in this appeal: (1) the trial court erred by denying his motion for new counsel; and (2) the trial
court erred by denying his objection to certain photographs and testimony, which Defendant
asserts were “fruit of the poisonous tree” of his coerced confession. Defendant’s third issue,
the post-conviction claim of ineffective assistance of counsel at the trial, is premature. After
a review of Defendant’s two properly presented issues, we again affirm the judgment of
conviction.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
T HOMAS T. W OODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J OSEPH M. T IPTON,
P.J., and C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, J., joined.
Dan R. Smith, Johnson City, Tennessee, for the appellant, Robert Edward Boling.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Lacy Wilber, Assistant Attorney
General; H. Greeley Welles, Jr., District Attorney General; and William B. Harper, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, the State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Background
The facts of this case were summarized by this court in its previous opinion on direct
appeal:
At trial, the victim testified that, on October 5, 2006, she and her
husband had been shopping at the Kroger grocery store on Stone Drive in
Kingsport, Tennessee. Her husband parked their vehicle near the back of the
parking lot, “quite a ways from Kroger.” She testified that she “looked around
and saw a man” and that she first thought he was an employee collecting
shopping carts from the parking lot. She said, “Well all of a sudden I had a
jerk and he jerked my purse off and I said ‘He got my pocketbook,’ that’s all
I seen.” Her husband ran after the assailant. She testified that her
“pocketbook” contained her credit cards, checkbook, and $70 in cash, and she
confirmed she did not give the defendant or anyone else permission to take it
from her.
The victim testified that she fell as a result of the robbery and that she
was subsequently taken to Indian Path Hospital. She said, “I don’t remember
falling but I fell and when I did come to myself the rescue squad men w[ere]
taking me in . . . I was really in pain.” She testified that she suffered a
contusion to her head and a broken left arm. She testified that she could not
use her left arm for any purpose “for a long time” and that the arm “still
g[ave][her] trouble.”
Doctor James H. Burleson, who worked at Indian Path Hospital, treated
the victim in the emergency room after the robbery, and he testified at trial as
an expert in emergency medicine. He stated that the victim “was complaining
with left shoulder pain and left knee pain and [he] did x-rays.” He reported
that “the x-ray . . . show[ed] that she [had] a fracture of her proximal humorous
of her left arm,” and he explained that “[t]he long bone of the left arm at the
shoulder joint was where it was broken.” He testified that the victim continued
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to suffer from an “overall decreased range of motion in her left shoulder” and
“associated pain.” Doctor Burleson stated, “I would believe that she would
have continued arthritic type pain with that shoulder.” He further stated that
the victim’s injuries were consistent with another person grabbing her purse
and knocking her to the ground and her landing on her left shoulder.
Tracy Lawson testified that she worked for MR Cleaners and delivered
laundry among the company’s different locations in the area. She stated that
on October 5, 2006, she made a delivery to the MR Cleaners located in the
same shopping center as Kroger. Ms. Lawson “saw somebody walk around
the corner of the building.” She recalled that she payed particular attention to
this individual because “nobody ever c[a]me around that corner except for the
employees that worked there because that’s where [employees] parked.” She
testified that, as she unloaded the delivery van, she heard somebody yell,
“‘Stop motherf [---]er.’” She then “saw the same guy that had walked by [her]
running back, he r[a]n right back in front of [her] carrying a woman’s
pocketbook and then [she] saw another man chasing him and then an elderly
man chasing him.” She testified that the man with the victim’s purse “had on
an orange t-shirt, baseball cap, [and] blue jeans” and that he “had a little bit of
a goatee.”
Ms. Lawson stated that, after seeing the men pass, she “told one of the
girls . . . that worked there . . . ‘Call 911, he’s just stole somebody’s
pocketbook.’” She later described what she observed to law enforcement
officers. Later that day, the police brought an individual to MR Cleaners for
the purpose of having Ms. Lawson make an identification. She testified that,
although “[h]e had changed clothes and took his hat off,” there was “no doubt”
in her mind that the man in police custody was the perpetrator. She identified
the man as the defendant in court.
Larry Beckner testified that, on October 5, 2006, he was riding in the
back of his mother’s minivan in the Kroger parking lot when he “heard . . . a
man . . . hollering out about stopping [and] somebody grabbed his wife’s
pocketbook.” Mr. Beckner testified that he “dove out of the van and chased
the fellow around the building of the store.” He clarified that he did not
witness the actual robbery and that he only saw a man running with a
pocketbook.
Mr. Beckner testified that he chased the man and tried to “football
tackle” him, but “the only thing [he] did was grabbed [sic] a hold of his
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britches leg which he eventually got loose.” He testified that he had a brief
conversation with the man and asked him to throw the pocketbook back to
him. He said the man “finally threw down the pocketbook and the old man
was standing beside of me and I handed him the pocketbook and he checked
it to make sure that everything was in it.” The man then ran up a hill and into
a wooded area.
Mr. Beckner said that the man “had like a ball cap on, sun glasses, sort
of stubby facial hair, like reddish blond, a reddish color.” He explained, “He
had on a pair of blue jeans, an orange shirt and I think like . . . work boots or
something like that.” Mr. Beckner stated that he spoke with the police later
that day. Mr. Beckner was unable to identify the defendant as the man he had
chased. On cross-examination he explained that he could not see the man well
because “the sun was sort of in [his] eyes.”
Officer David Johnson of the Kingsport City Police Department
testified that he responded to a call that a robbery had taken place at Kroger.
He arrived at the scene and “[s]et up a perimeter.” The first description he
obtained of the man “was a white male, goatee, bald, wearing blue jeans, an
orange shirt and a ball cap . . . black with a large B on it.” He stated that “[a]
short time into the search” he received information that the man “may have
switched into a gray t-shirt.”
Officer Johnson located a man that he suspected to be the perpetrator
at a picnic bench. The man “had his head down on the table but . . . [was]
wearing a gray t-shirt and a shaved head.” He testified, “[The man] had a long
mustache matching the description and then after I had handcuffed him for my
safety I noticed behind him a black ball cap matching the description.” Officer
Johnson stated that the baseball cap was “a couple of feet” behind the suspect.
He explained that the man’s mustache “c[a]me all the way down to his chin
area from all the way across.” The mustache “stayed close to his face and just
ran down his face down to his chin.” He identified the man at the picnic table
as the defendant.
Shirley Aston testified that she worked as the cashier at a J’s Food Mart
convenience store on October 5, 2006. She testified that she had known the
defendant for “a long time” because his mother had been her “boss.” She
stated that the defendant came to the convenience store on October 5 to buy
lottery tickets.
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Ms. Aston testified that the convenience store was equipped with a
security camera system and that she had used photographs from the camera
system on previous occasions. She identified herself and the defendant in a
picture taken by the camera system on October 5, 2006. The trial court
admitted the photograph from the convenience store security camera into
evidence. The photograph showed that the defendant wore a black baseball
cap, orange tee shirt, and blue jeans.
State v. Robert Edward Bowling [sic], E2008-00351-CCA-R3-CD, 2009 WL 482763 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Feb. 26, 2009)
Pretrial Hearing - Motion New Counsel
At the hearing, the trial court noted that Defendant had filed some complaints against
trial counsel with the Board of Professional Responsibility. Defendant indicated that he
wanted answers to “just some basic questions about his case and [he had] made several
attempts to contact [trial counsel] on several attempts and never got a response of any kind.”
Trial counsel then informed the court as follows:
The first thing in the bar complaint asks for, it says, the first sentence
of the bar complaint is, “All I want if you all - - - - is you to get me a new
attorney.” And that’s how it begins. Now, it does indicate, his complaint does
indicate that he believes that I am working with the prosecution. That is
alleged in it. He feels - - - - I don’t think he says, “You’re working for the
prosecution,” but at one point in time in the complaint he indicates that he is
in fact - - - - has the feeling that I am not working for him but I am instead
working for the prosecution.
Defendant stated that he felt like the “sacrificial lamb.” He also told the trial court that
during his bond reduction hearing, trial counsel asked him the same questions as the
prosecutor. He claimed that the “prosecutor just kind of smiled when he stepped up because
the questions he was going to ask had already been answered.”
The trial court noted that it was not unusual in a bond reduction hearing for both sides
to ask the same questions. The court pointed out that both sides know the statutory items
looked at by the court when setting a bond such as: “the length of time in the community,
your family ties, where you’ve been working, how long you’ve been working here and what’s
your address, what your prior criminal record is, what kind a financial assets do you have.”
Defendant then asserted that his bond should not have been raised and testified that the court
raised his bond because he did not have anyone to testify on his behalf. However, he claimed
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that he told trial counsel that he had a list of witnesses who were ready to testify as to his
character and employment. The trial court noted that Defendant’s prior criminal record was
his biggest problem; however, Defendant said that the trial court indicated that it would not
take his record into consideration because the charges were more than twenty years old. The
trial court pointed out that aggravated robbery was not a probatable offense, and due to his
number of prior convictions, Defendant was a career offender.
Concerning Defendant’s request for new counsel, the trial court asked trial counsel
if he felt that he could continue to represent Defendant “under [trial counsel’s] oath.” The
following exchange took place:
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: Under my oath, yes.
THE COURT: As an attorney.
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: It would be difficult. The reason is he has
obviously filed two bar complaints against me
indicating that I have - - - - that I am - - -
THE COURT: You don’t have any evidence that he’s conspiring
with the State other than the fact that his questions
at a bond hearing were similar to the State’s
questions. Is that what you’re saying?
[DEFENDANT]: Yes, sir.
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: And obviously under my oath - - -
THE COURT: To represent a client - - -
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: What I told him today was once - - - - that it is my
intention, we’re a month away. I have obviously -
- - - I have discovered the case. I have indicated
to him that I would be filing a motion to suppress
his two statements as of the moment I’m told
whether I’m still on this case or not. And that’s
the motion that he had indicated to the bar that - -
- - he had motions that he wanted me to file and
that is by and large the, if I’m not mistaken, that
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is the motion that you want filed above all, to
suppress the statement and - - -
THE COURT: Well, that’s a logical thing - - -
[TRIAL COUNSEL]: And that’s the logical thing to do and I have not
done so up until this time. Obviously Your Honor
knows that I’ve had 9 trials in this court this year
and I now have, you know, between now and the
trial date I have nothing - - - - well, I have two
trials set but they are not as - - - - I’ve discovered
them in - - - - in August and I can do those cases
but I have the opportunity to get this case ready
for trial and there is no - - - - and the prosecution
has made it clear that this case is going to trial
because they are not willing to make an offer than
- - - -I mean he can plead blind and as a result I
don’t have any choice considering that they have
alleged that he is a career criminal to do anything
but go to trial because - - - - you know, if he
pleads blind and they put on that he’s a career
criminal you have no - - - - you can’t do anything
but give him 30 years if they prove it. So I’ve
indicated to him from the get go that this would
be a trial. There’s just nothing we - - - - I can’t
force the prosecution into a lower - - - - you
know, anything lower. But obviously, Your
Honor, if you say that I am still on the case I will
zealously represent him. It will be difficult,
however, based on his lack of trust.
THE COURT: Well, [Defendant], [trial counsel] is a good
attorney. I mean you may not see him as often as
you think you ought to see him but he’s a good
attorney and he’s tried an awful lot of cases in my
court. In fact we just had a case here two weeks
ago that he represented a gentleman that was
charged with an A felony. Right? Isn’t that the
case, [trial counsel]?
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[TRIAL COUNSEL]: That is true.
THE COURT: He was found guilty of an A misdemeanor. I
mean it was a well tried case. The jury heard an
awful lot of proof and an [awful] lot of evidence
and I’m not saying that that’s going to happen in
your case but I want you to know [trial counsel] is
a good attorney and he does well. Now, his
schedule may not be your schedule. I mean he
may - - -
[DEFENDANT]: Mine is pretty much open all the time.
THE COURT: Well, I understand that but you understand what
I’m saying.
[DEFENDANT]: Yeah.
THE COURT: I mean his schedule is not your schedule and he
has to - - - - I mean and you’re not his only case.
I mean I wish that the lawyers that are
representing people that are charged with crimes,
particularly crimes as serious as yours, I mean can
take your case and only have your case and be
responsible for your case from beginning to end
and not have to worry about anybody else. But
that’s just not the nature of the way this works. I
mean but I have found that all the lawyers in the
public defender’s office, when they try a case
they’re well prepared. Their clients are prepared.
They’ve thought through what the best defense is
in the case and they do well and [trial counsel] is
no exception to that. I mean I understand what
you’re saying. I mean if I were sitting here
thinking about the possibility that I might be - - - -
I mean, you know, you’re not a young man
certainly, but serving a 30 year - - - - but you’re
not an old man either. But serving a 30 year
sentence and with a prior record you don’t know,
there may not be 60%. If I were looking at having
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to do that much of my life [i]n prison certainly I
would be really concerned and I understand your
concern but at this point in time I’m not seeing
anything here today that would cause me to be
willing to relieve [trial counsel] as your lawyer.
Now, I mean I want to try this case September
10th because I think you deserve that; not any
rush to judgment, that’s not what’s going on here.
I mean this is a serious charge that’s hanging over
your head and I will go ahead and set a motion
day so if [trial counsel] has motions that he needs
to have heard in this matter we’ll hear them. I’m
not going to put that off because you need to
know and it the motions might make a difference
and there are other things that come up - - -
Motion for New Trial
At the hearing on defendant’s motion for new trial, defense counsel made the
following argument:
[W]e suggest that the court erred during the course of the trial when it refused
to permit a change of attorney occasioned by [Defendant’s] request for a new
attorney. [Defendant] alleged at that time that he had filed several complaints
with the Board of Professional Responsibility and that there had been no, as
paragraph two indicates, absolutely no communication between he and his
attorney except for the two or three or four court appearances that he had. We
believe that given that particular information before the Court at the time that
the Court should have permitted a change of attorneys at that time and we
believe that that does in fact rate, or should be considered for purposes of new
trial.
Concerning the issue of whether the trial court erred by denying Defendant’s objection
to certain photographs and testimony, which Defendant asserts were “fruit of the poisonous
tree” of his coerced confession, defense counsel further argued:
There initially was a Motion to Suppress before the Court that alleged duress
or intoxication of the defendant at the time a statement was given. As I
understand the testimony from our post-conviction hearing and during the
course of this trial initially there was an agreement between the defendant and
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the State that the statement would not be used. Because that agreement was
made in front of the Court there was a determination that no hearing would be
necessary on it and that the statement would not be admitted. During the
course of the trial evidence gleaned from that statement was admitted over the
objection of the defendant and at the time of the trial when this arose there was
no hearing by the Court to determine whether or not that fruit of the poisonous
tree would have been applicable in this particular situation and we believe that
the Court erred in not having a hearing at that time with the jury out to
determine whether or not this evidence was in fact derivative from the
statement that had been agreed to be suppressed.
The record reflects that prior to trial, Defendant filed a motion to suppress his
statements to police because they were allegedly coerced. In a pretrial hearing, the State
informed the trial court that it did not intend to use Defendant’s statements during its case-in-
chief. Therefore, the trial court did not rule on the motion. During the trial, Defendant
objected to two photographs and testimony by Shirley Aston on the basis that the State would
not have known about them except through Defendant’s alleged coerced statements. He
argued that two photographs of Defendant wearing an orange shirt and testimony by Ms.
Aston that Defendant was at the convenience store where she was employed approximately
one hour before the robbery was inadmissable because the evidence was “fruit of the
poisonous tree.” However, the trial court overruled the objection.
II. Analysis
Denial of Request for New Counsel
“Both the United States and Tennessee Constitutions guarantee an indigent criminal
defendant the right to assistance of appointed counsel at trial.” State v. Carruthers, 35
S.W.3d 516, 546 (Tenn. 2000). “The right of an accused to assistance of counsel, however,
does not include the right to appointment of counsel of choice, or to special rapport,
confidence, or even a meaningful relationship with appointed counsel.” Id . “The essential
aim of the Sixth Amendment is to guarantee an effective advocate, not counsel preferred by
the defendant.” Id. “[A] trial judge may, upon good cause shown, permit the withdrawal
of an attorney appointed to represent an indigent defendant in a criminal case.” State v.
Branham, 855 S.W.2d 563, 566 (Tenn. 1993); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-14-205. A
trial court has wide discretion in matters regarding the withdrawal of counsel, and its
decision will not be set aside unless “a plain abuse of that discretion is shown.” Id.
In State v. Gilmore, 823 S.W.2d 566, 568-69 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991), this court held:
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When an accused seeks to substitute counsel, the accused has
the burden of establishing to the satisfaction of the trial judge
that (a) the representation being furnished by counsel is
ineffective, inadequate, and falls below the range of competency
expected of defense counsel in criminal prosecutions, (b) the
accused and appointed counsel have become embroiled in an
irreconcilable conflict, or (c) there has been a complete
breakdown in communications between them.
Id. (footnotes omitted).
Additionally, a defendant must demonstrate that he or she was prejudiced by the trial court’s
denial of a motion to withdraw as counsel. Branham, 855 S.W.2d at 566.
In this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Defendant’s request
for new counsel. In a pre-trial hearing, the trial court noted that Defendant had filed “some
complaints” against trial counsel with the Board of Professional Responsibility. Defendant
told the trial court that he filed the complaints because he wanted “just some answers to just
some basic questions about [his] case and [he] made several attempts to contact [trial
counsel] on several attempts [sic] and never got a response of any kind.” Trial counsel
pointed out that in one of the complaints, Defendant indicated he believed trial counsel was
working for the prosecution and not for him. Defendant then told the trial court that he based
his belief on the fact that trial counsel asked the same questions as the prosecution at his
bond reduction hearing. The statements made during this hearing are detailed above.
Defendant argues that there was an actual conflict of interest because he had filed
complaints against trial counsel with the Board of Professional Responsibility. “In order to
demonstrate a violation of the defendant’s right to conflict-free counsel, the defendant must
show that there was an actual conflict of interest that adversely affected the lawyer’s
performance.” State v. Street, 768 S.W.2d 703, 708 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988). Defendant
relies on Smith v. Lockhart, 923 F.2d 1314 (8th Cir. 1991), and Douglas v. United States, 488
A.2d 121 (D.C. 1985) in support of his claim. However, Defendant’s argument is misplaced.
In Smith, the Eighth Circuit concluded that the defendant was denied the right to counsel at
a critical stage of the criminal proceedings, an “omnibus hearing,” after the trial court refused
to appoint new counsel after the defendant filed a federal lawsuit against trial counsel
alleging a conspiracy of county officials to violate the rights of defendants. The Smith Court
held: “A federal lawsuit pitting the defendant against his attorney certainly suggests divided
loyalties and gives the attorney ‘a personal interest in the way he conducted [Smith’s]
defense - an interest dependent of, and in some respects in conflict with, [Smith’s] interest
in obtaining a judgment of acquittal.’” Smith, 923 F.2d at 1321 (quoting Douglas v. United
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States, 488 A.2d 121, 136 (D.C. App. 1985)). In Douglas, the trial court sua sponte declared
a mistrial after defendant filed a complaint with the Bar Counsel, who was opening an
inquiry into trial counsel’s conduct. Both the defendant and trial counsel had unambiguously
expressed a desire for the trial to continue with trial counsel’s representation. Douglas, 488
A.2d at 126. The court in Douglas determined that the trial court declared a mistrial in the
defendant’s case without “evincing any concern for the double jeopardy consequences of its
actions or for the appellant’s constitutional right to counsel of choice, and without giving
adequate consideration to the less drastic alternative-waiver of conflict-free counsel - that
appears from the record to have been available.” Douglas, 488 A.2d at 145.
Concerning this issue, Tennessee courts have held:
[T]rial counsel is not required to withdraw representation merely because a
client has filed a complaint against him with the Board. See Quentin Lewis v.
State, No. W1998-00793-CCA-R3-PC, [ ], 2001 WL 55635 (Tenn. Crim. App.
Jan. 23, 2001) (holding trial counsel’s performance was not rendered
constitutionally deficient by virtue of her failing to request to withdraw after
appellant filed a complaint against her with the Board); Cf. State v. Richard
Higgs, No. W2000-02588-CCA-MR3-CD, [ ], 2002 WL 1841697 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Aug. 5, 2002) (although three complaints had allegedly been filed
with the Board concerning trial counsel by the defendant at the time of trial,
the defendant had “not provided this Court with sufficient information to
determine that there existed a conflict of interest requiring defense counsel’s
withdrawal”). Any rule that would essentially permit a defendant to
automatically discharge his appointed counsel simply by raising written
complaints would inevitably become the subject of delaying tactics and abuse.
Cf. State v. Willis, 301 S.W.3d 644, 652 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2009) (wherein
“[t]he defendant used the tactic of . . . filing complaints against [his lawyers]
with the Board of Professional Responsibility as a means of coercing the court
into discharging counsel and . . . the pattern was for the tactic to be employed
as trial dates approached”).
Shaun Alexander Hodge v. State, No. E2009-02508-CCA-R3-PC, 2011 WL 3793503 at *5
(Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 26, 2011) perm. app. denied (Tenn. Feb. 15, 2012).
Defendant in this case has not established that the representation furnished by trial
counsel was ineffective, inadequate, and fell below the range of competency expected of
defense counsel in criminal prosecutions; that he and trial counsel had become embroiled in
an irreconcilable conflict; there had been a complete breakdown in communications between
them; or that there was an actual conflict of interest. Based on the record before us, we
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cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in denying Defendant’s request for
new counsel.
Admission of Photographs of Defendant and Testimony by a Convenience Store Clerk
Next, Defendant contends the trial court erred in allowing the State to introduce
testimony of Shirley Aston, a convenience store clerk, who testified that she knew Defendant
and that he was in the store, located approximately one mile from the robbery, one hour prior
to the robbery wearing an orange t-shirt. The State also introduced two photographs taken
from the surveillance video at the store where Ms. Aston worked showing Defendant wearing
an orange t-shirt; however, he was arrested shortly after the robbery wearing only a grey t-
shirt.
Prior to trial, Defendant filed a motion to suppress his two statements given to police
after the robbery. In the motion, he asserted:
The Defendant would show that certain statements were taken from the
Defendant by Detective Cole of the Kingsport Police Department and other
officers unknown, on October 5, 2006. The Defendant contends that said
statements and the fruits thereof are inadmissible, illegal and taken in violation
of the Defendant’s rights in violation of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth
Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and Article I, Sections,
Seven, Eight, and Nine of the Constitution as well as certain statutes, rules and
laws of the State of Tennessee. Defendant alleges that he was under duress
and was not able to knowingly and voluntarily waive his rights.
However, prior to trial, the State announced that it would not use Defendant’s statements
during its case-in-chief. The trial court stated: “All right, so that kind of takes care of that
[m]otion, then.” There was no mention of Ms. Aston or the two photographs, and Defendant
did not file a motion to suppress the evidence.
Near the close of its proof, the State sought to admit testimony by Ms. Aston and the
photographs. Trial counsel objected to the evidence because the State “agreed that the
statement[s] would be suppressed,”and the State learned of Ms. Aston and the photographs
from one of Defendant’s alleged coerced statements. Therefore, he argued, the evidence was
“fruit of the poisonous tree.” The trial court overruled the objection noting that it did not rule
on the motion to suppress “because the State basically dealt with the issue . . .” Trial counsel
admitted that he was aware of the photographs from discovery but did not file a separate
motion to suppress them.
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Rule 12(b)(2)(C) of the Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that motions
to suppress evidence must be filed prior to the trial. See State v. McCray, 614 S.W.2d 90,
94 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1981). “The rule is applicable when a claim of a constitutional right
is involved whose violation would lead to suppression of evidence.” State v. Goss, 995
S.W.2d 617, 628 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998). Failure to timely present a motion to suppress
to the trial court constitutes a waiver of the issue for appellate review, “in the absence of
‘cause shown’ for the failure.” McCray, 614 S.W.2d at 94. In this case, the trial court made
no findings that Defendant’s statements were involuntary or the result of duress or coercion,
and Defendant did not file a motion to suppress the photographs or testimony by Ms. Aston.
For these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not err by allowing the evidence to be
admitted at trial.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Finally, Defendant contends that trial counsel was ineffective for: (1) failing to
communicate with Defendant; (2) failing to investigate or challenge the “show-up
identification;” (3) failing to move to suppress the evidence derived from the alleged coerced
statement made by Defendant. However, this Court entered an order dated August 30, 2011,
containing the following language:
The trial court erred in proceeding with the post-conviction claims and the
delayed appeal. The best remedy to facilitate the trial court’s responsibilities
upon resolution of the delayed appeal is to remand the case to the trial court.
Therefore, it is hereby ORDERED that the judgment of the trial court denying
relief on the Petitioner’s post-conviction claims is reversed and the case is
remanded to the trial court to be held in abeyance until the delayed appeal is
resolved.
Therefore, these issues are not properly before this Court.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
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THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE
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