State of Tennessee v. Travis Davison ( 2012 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs May 1, 2012
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. TRAVIS DAVISON
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
No. 07-06894 John T. Fowlkes, Jr., Judge
No. W2011-02167-CCA-R3-CO - Filed November 20, 2012
The Appellant filed a motion to correct a judgment pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal
Procedure 36 in the Shelby County Criminal Court. The trial court subsequently entered an
order denying the Appellant’s motion. In this appeal, the Appellant contends that the trial
court erred in denying his motion. Because there is no appeal as of right from the denial of
a Rule 36 motion to correct a judgment, the appeal is dismissed.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Appeal Dismissed
D. K ELLY T HOMAS, J R., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which R OBERT W.
W EDEMEYER and C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, JJ., joined.
Travis Davison, Memphis, Tennessee, pro se.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Senior Counsel;
Amy P. Weirich, District Attorney General; and Theresa Smith McCusker, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
In 2007, the Appellant was indicted for one count of possession of marijuana with
intent to sell and one count of possession of marijuana with intent to deliver, both Class E
felonies. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-417. On January 4, 2008, the Appellant entered into
a plea agreement in which he agreed to plead guilty to one count of possession of marijuana
with intent to sell, a Class E felony, as a Range I, standard offender. The plea agreement
reflected that the Appellant would be sentenced to “85 days (time-served).” The special
conditions section of the judgment form also stated as follows, “This is a time-served
settlement.”
On August 22, 2011, the Appellant filed a “motion for correction of clerical error, or
clarification of judgment pursuant to Rule 36 Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure.” In
the motion, the Appellant argued that because he received a sentence of less than one year,
“the offense was reduced to a misdemeanor offense” from a Class E felony and that the
judgment should be altered to reflect that he was convicted of a misdemeanor. The trial court
denied the motion stating that the Appellant “freely and voluntarily entered into an agreement
with the [S]tate for disposition of his case” and that he pled guilty to a Class E felony. The
trial court concluded that the fact that the Appellant’s “sentence was less than one year does
not change what occurred; that he freely and voluntarily entered a plea of guilty to a felony.
No clerical [error] occurred.”
On appeal, the Appellant contends that the trial court erred in denying his Rule 36
motion to correct a judgment. The Appellant argues that because his sentence was less than
one year, one of the following factual scenarios must have occurred: (1) that the judgment
incorrectly reflects that he was sentenced as a Range I, standard offender when he was
actually sentenced as a mitigated offender; (2) that the judgment incorrectly reflects that he
was convicted of a felony when he was actually convicted of a misdemeanor; or (3) that he
was actually convicted of a Class E felony and sentenced as a Range I, standard offender, but
his sentence is illegal and void because it was for less than one year. The State responds that
the appeal should be dismissed because there is no appeal as of right from a denial of a Rule
36 motion to correct a judgment.1 The State additionally responds that with respect to the
Appellant’s argument that his sentence is illegal and void, the Appellant is not entitled to a
writ of habeas corpus.
Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36 provides that “the court may at any time
correct clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or other parts of the record, and errors in the
1
Effective July 1, 2012, Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36 and Tennessee Rule of Appellate
Procedure 3 were amended to allow for an appeal as of right to this court for a trial court’s denial of a motion
to correct a judgment. However, the Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed prior to July 1, 2012. “There are
two basic principles of appellate jurisdiction. First, the filing of the notice of appeal transfers jurisdiction
to the [Court of Criminal Appeals], and second, jurisdiction must exist at the time it attaches and cannot be
acquired on the basis of later events.” Steele v. Wolfe Sales Co., 663 S.W.2d 799, 802 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1983), rev’d on other grounds, Spann v. Abraham, 36 S.W.3d 452, 461 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999); see also
United States v. Rumell, 642 F.2d 213, 215 (7th Cir. 1981) (stating that under the federal rules, appellate
“jurisdiction must exist at the time [the] notice [of appeal was filed] and cannot be acquired on the basis of
later events”) (quotation marks omitted); State v. Jacob Aaron Faulkner, No. M2011-00801-CCA-R3-CD,
2012 WL 1965374, at *5 n.2 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 1, 2012); State v. Deangelo M. Radley, No. M2011-
00165-CCA-R3-CD, 2011 WL 4695652, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Oct. 7, 2011), perm. app. filed, (Dec. 6,
2011) (both cases noting that appeals regarding certified questions of law are governed by the rule in effect
at the time the question was certified). As such, in this opinion we will follow the rules in effect at the time
the Appellant filed his notice of appeal.
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record arising from oversight or omission.” Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 3(b)
provides as follows:
In criminal actions an appeal as of right by a defendant lies from any judgment
of conviction entered by a trial court from which an appeal lies to the Supreme
Court or Court of Criminal Appeals: (1) on a plea of not guilty; and (2) on a
plea of guilty or nolo contendere, if the defendant entered into a plea
agreement but explicitly reserved the right to appeal a certified question of law
dispositive of the case . . . or if the defendant seeks review of the sentence and
there was no plea agreement concerning the sentence, or if the issues presented
for review were not waived as a matter of law by the plea of guilty or nolo
contendere and if such issues are apparent from the record of the proceedings
already had. The defendant may also appeal as of right from an order denying
or revoking probation, and from a final judgment in a criminal contempt,
habeas corpus, extradition, or post-conviction proceeding.
The denial of a Rule 36 motion to correct a judgment is not covered under Tennessee Rule
of Appellate Procedure 3(b); therefore, the Appellant does not have an appeal as of right
from the trial court’s denial, and this court lacks jurisdiction to entertain such an appeal. See
Jonathan Malcolm Malone, No. M2004-02826-CCA-R3-CO, 2005 WL 1330792, at *2
(Tenn. Crim. App. June 6, 2005); State v. Timmy Herndon, No. W2001-02981-CCA-R3-CD,
2003 WL 21339297, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 2, 2003), perm. app. denied, (Tenn. Oct.
6, 2003).
In his reply brief, the Appellant contends that this court should grant review of the
trial court’s denial under the common law writ of certiorari and cites to this court’s opinion
in State v. Bruce C. Reliford, No. W1999-00826-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 1473846 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Oct. 2, 2000), to support his argument. The writ of certiorari may be granted “in
all cases where an inferior tribunal . . . has exceeded the jurisdiction conferred, or is acting
illegally, when, in the judgment of the court, there is no other plain, speedy, or adequate
remedy.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-8-101. In Reliford, this court granted review of the trial
court’s denial of a motion for “correction/reduction of sentence” under the common law writ
of certiorari where the trial court incorrectly determined that it was without jurisdiction to
entertain the motion. 2000 WL 1473846, at *2. There is no evidence that the trial court in
the present matter exceeded its jurisdiction or acted illegally in denying the Appellant’s
motion. The trial court reviewed the Appellant’s motion on the merits and simply concluded
that no clerical error existed in the judgment. Accordingly, we concluded that there is no
basis for treating this appeal as a petition for review by way of the writ of certiorari.
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With respect to the Appellant’s argument that the sentence on his judgment was illegal
and void, the State correctly notes that the Appellant is not entitled to a writ of habeas corpus
in this matter because the Appellant is neither imprisoned nor restrained of liberty for the
conviction. See Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 16, 22-24 (Tenn. 2004). Therefore, we
decline to treat this case as an appeal of a denial of habeas corpus relief.
Upon consideration of the foregoing and the record as a whole, we conclude that there
is no basis for this court to entertain an appeal of the trial court’s order denying the
Appellant’s motion to correct a judgment. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed.
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D. KELLY THOMAS, JR., JUDGE
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