State of Tennessee v. John Bradford Robinson ( 2014 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs April 9, 2014
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JOHN BRADFORD ROBINSON
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Giles County
Nos. 15070, 15407, 15458 Robert L. Holloway, Judge
No. M2013-00726-CCA-R3-CD Filed 06/04/2014
The Defendant, John Bradford Robinson, pled guilty to manufacturing marijuana, sale of
marijuana, theft of property valued between $1000 and $10,000, initiation of process to
manufacture methamphetamine, and possession of drug paraphernalia. For these convictions,
the trial court ordered the Defendant to serve an effective eight-year sentence on probation.
After multiple arrests in 2012, the trial court issued a probation violation warrant, and, after
a hearing, the trial court revoked the Defendant’s probation. On appeal, the Defendant
contends that there was insufficient evidence to warrant a revocation of his probation. After
a thorough review of the record and applicable law, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Circuit Court Affirmed
R OBERT W. W EDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J OSEPH M. T IPTON,
P.J., AND JOHN E VERETT W ILLIAMS, J., joined.
Chelsea Nicholson, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Appellant, John B. Robinson.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Rachel Harmon, Senior Counsel; Mike
Bottoms, District Attorney General; and Beverly White, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts
This case arises from the Defendant’s multiple violations of his probation sentences.
The Defendant was on probation for committing offenses in three separate cases. On
October 12, 2010, in a plea agreement encompassing all three cases, he pled guilty to
manufacturing marijuana, sale of marijuana, theft of property valued between $1000 and
$10,000, initiation of process to manufacture methamphetamine, and possession of drug
paraphernalia. Pursuant to the plea agreement, the trial court ordered the Defendant, as a
Standard, Range I offender, to serve an effective eight-year sentence on probation.
On November 20, 2012, the trial court issued a probation violation warrant based upon
the Defendant’s new arrests. The warrant was amended on January 28, 2013, alleging
another arrest. A hearing was held on March 8, 2013, and the parties presented the following
evidence: Lindsay Hill, a Tennessee Department of Correction and Parole probation officer,
testified that she supervised the Defendant’s probation sentences for cases 15070, 15447, and
15458. Ms. Hill stated that she filed the initial warrant in this case based upon the
Defendant’s June 4, 2012, arrest for public intoxication, June 5, 2012, arrest for disorderly
conduct, and November 15, 2012, arrest for aggravated burglary, theft of property over
$1000, attempt to manufacture methamphetamine, possession of drug paraphernalia,
possession of methamphetamine for resell, and aggravated child abuse. She stated that,
additionally, the Defendant had failed to pay fines, court costs, and supervision fees as
required by the conditions of his probation sentences. Ms. Hill testified that she filed an
amendment to the probation violation warrant based upon the Defendant’s November 15,
2013, arrest for TennCare fraud.
On cross-examination, Ms. Hill testified that the Defendant reported to her two times
monthly but “not always as instructed on the scheduling dates.” Ms. Hill agreed that the
judgment in this case did not indicate a set amount for the Defendant to pay monthly toward
court costs and fines.
Michael Thompson, a Giles County Sheriff’s Office deputy, testified that he went to
the Defendant’s residence in Giles County on November 15, 2012, to execute active warrants
against the Defendant. Deputy Thompson said that initially Monica Smith opened the door
to the residence, but she shut the door upon seeing the officers. Next, the Defendant came
to the door. Deputy Thompson advised the Defendant of the arrest warrants and asked him
to open the door. The Defendant refused. Deputy Thompson said that he “jerked the door
open and placed [the Defendant] in custody.”
Deputy Thompson testified that, after securing the Defendant in his patrol car, he
returned to the residence and informed Ms. Smith that he was going to conduct a search of
the residence. Deputy Thompson explained that both the Defendant and Ms. Smith were
serving probation sentences and a condition of probation allowed for a search of a residence
or vehicle at any time. Deputy Thompson entered the residence and found the Defendant’s
children, a seven-year-old and a two-year-old, in the bathroom within close proximity of
methamphetamine and the ingredients and processing items necessary to manufacture
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methamphetamine.
Deputy Thompson testified that he collected the following items from the residence:
a spoon with white residue that field-tested positive for methamphetamine, syringes, a glass
pipe, a mason jar with white powder residue that field-tested positive for methamphetamine,
copper filters with white powder residue that field-tested positive for methamphetamine, a
“pot shake and bake two-liter bottle” commonly used in the manufacturing process of
methamphetamine, a “gas generator,” tubing, funnels with white powder residue, marijuana
“joints,” aluminum foil pieces, muriatic acid, an empty pseudoephedrine box with a
prescription for the Defendant, a gallon of Coleman fuel, drain cleaner, ice packs, additional
empty pseudoephedrine blister packs, and coffee filters. As a result of the search, Deputy
Thompson quarantined the residence and “the Hazmat team” cleared the residence, disposing
of all hazardous waste.
Timothy Scott, a Giles County Sheriff’s Office investigator, testified that he was
assigned to investigate an alleged residential burglary on Lewisburg Highway that occurred
on October 14, 2012. During the course of the investigation, Deputy Scott obtained
surveillance footage from a “local store.” He said that “two black dogs” were visible on the
footage and that one of the dogs was “accounted for, and the other was not.” Based upon
his investigation, Deputy Scott presented the evidence against the Defendant to the grand
jury, seeking an indictment for aggravated burglary and theft.
Kimberly Morton testified that, on October 15, 2012, she returned to her home on
Lewisburg Highway with her children after church to find “things were in disarray.” She
said there were muddy footprints in the home and the back door was open. Ms. Morton had
her children leave the house immediately because she was unsure of whether an intruder
might still be in the home and called the police. She later found that jewelry, a gun, sinus
infection medication, a hair dryer, duffle bags, purses, and jewelry boxes had been stolen.
Ms. Morton said that she later identified some of these items at the Sheriff’s Department.
Steve Morton testified that he was at work when he learned that someone had broken
into his home. He arrived home shortly after the police officers arrived. Mr. Morton recalled
going to his shed to see if some copper coils that he had used during renovation of his house
had been taken. Upon opening the shed door, a Boston Terrier jumped up on Mr. Morton.
Mr. Morton told police that he had never seen the dog before. Mr. Morton said that a watch,
valued at $399, and cash in the amount of $270 were missing from inside the house.
Chad Brandon, a Giles County Sheriff’s Department deputy, testified that he was
dispatched to the Morton’s residence on Lewisburg Highway to investigate a possible
burglary. He said that he helped process the scene and spoke with the victims. Deputy
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Brandon recalled that there was a dog in the shed that was unknown to the victims.
Deputy Brandon testified that he also assisted Deputy Thompson in serving the capias
for the Defendant’s arrest. Deputy Brandon said that he did not assist in the search of the
house but transported the Defendant to jail.
James J. Middlestep, Jr., testified that, on October 15, 2012, Monica Smith asked him
to drive her to the grocery store to get food for her children. Mr. Middlestep agreed, and he
drove her in his silver Dodge Durango to a local grocery store at around 3:00 p.m. While
waiting for Ms. Smith, the Defendant texted Mr. Middlestep, “Hey, will you come pick me
up?” Mr. Middlestep drove Ms. Smith home and then drove to meet the Defendant “off of
[sic] 31.” When he arrived, he found only the Defendant’s sister, Leann Toone, and a black
and white “little terrier” dog. He recalled that Ms. Toone was standing in front of a house
talking with a woman. Ms. Toone got inside the truck with two duffle bags and indicated in
which direction the Defendant had gone.
Mr. Middlestep testified that he drove down Lewisburg Highway looking for the
Defendant, whom he found in front of a house “talking to some older guy.” Mr. Middlestep
pulled into the driveway, and the Defendant got into the truck. As they drove away, the
Defendant pointed to a house along Lewisburg Highway and said, “[t]hat’s the house we just
got.” Mr. Middlestep said he was uncomfortable because Ms. Toone was pulling items,
including an iPhone and an iPad, out of the duffle bags.
Mr. Middlestep drove the Defendant home, where he witnessed the Defendant engage
in a physical altercation with Ms. Smith. Mr. Middlestep said that he took the Defendant’s
and Ms. Smith’s “two little boys” outside of the house, so they would not witness the fight
between their parents. Mr. Middlestep said he then interceded between the Defendant and
Ms. Smith, telling Ms. Smith “to go out to the car.” After Ms. Smith left, he spoke with the
Defendant about Ms. Smith needing to “get [ ] out of this environment.” The Defendant gave
Mr. Middlestep a $100 bill to pay for a hotel room for Ms. Smith.
Mr. Middlestep testified that he never “cook[ed]” methamphetamine at the
Defendant’s residence but that he witnessed the Defendant doing so one time while he was
“hanging out” at the Defendant’s home. He could not recall the exact date, but he estimated
that it was in September or October of 2012. Mr. Middlestep testified that, when cleaning
out the backseat of his truck, he found a plastic bag with a sheet of Elvis stamps. He
acknowledged that he had gone on a three-week methamphetamine binge but said he had
since stopped using the drug.
Don Ward, a Giles County Sheriff’s Department investigator, testified that he was
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involved in the aggravated burglary investigation involving the Defendant. During the
course of his investigation, he spoke with Ms. Smith at the Star Motel. Ms. Smith had a
Boston Terrier at the motel with her. Investigator Ward stated that he was present when the
Defendant was arrested. From the Defendant’s house, Investigator Ward collected a pair of
khaki, lace-up boots. He stated that the tread on the boots appeared “identical” to the tracks
found at the burglary scene.
Claudia Worsham testified that, at around 4:00 or 5:00 p.m. on October 15, 2012, she
was at home when she heard her dog barking. She stepped outside and saw a Boston Terrier
dog “shuffling” with her dog. She “hollered at the little dog and told it to go on” before
noticing a female, later identified as Ms. Toone, walking toward her. Ms. Worsham
described Ms. Toone as wet and muddy and said she appeared to be upset. Ms. Toone told
Ms. Worsham that she had been “ginseng hunting” in the woods and became lost. She said
her cellular telephone battery was dead and asked if she could charge her telephone in order
to contact “the people that [were] picking [her] up.” Ms. Worsham noticed that Ms. Toone
had two cellular telephones. Ms. Worsham allowed her to plug her cellular telephone into
an outlet in the car shed. Ms. Toone told Ms. Worsham that her brother was the Defendant.
At some point, a tan SUV appeared, and Ms. Toone took her dog and got inside the vehicle.
The following day, sheriff’s deputies came to Ms. Worsham’s house and asked her to look
at a photographic line-up. Ms. Worsham identified Ms. Toone as the woman who had been
at her house the previous day.
Jackie Worsham testified that he noticed a Boston Terrier in his yard. He had never
seen the dog before and tried to chase the dog away, but the dog did not want to leave. Mr.
Worsham went inside his home for a few minutes and when he returned he found his wife,
Ms. Worsham, speaking with Ms. Toone. His wife told him that Ms. Toone was charging
her cellular telephone, and she asked Mr. Worsham to get Ms. Toone a bottle of water.
When he returned with the water, he noticed a “brownish color” Durango. Ms. Toone
flagged down the Durango and left in it with her Boston Terrier.
Lisa Packard testified that she lived on Lewisburg Highway near 31A. On October
14, 2012, at around 1:00 p.m., she was preparing for her daughter’s birthday party when a
black and white dog ran into her home through the open door. She said that, “a girl came in
like right after it to get the dog” and then went back outside and was standing by the mailbox.
A man Ms. Packard identified in court as the Defendant then joined the woman, and they
walked “toward the highway.” Later that day at around 4:00 p.m., the Defendant came back
and asked if he could use a cellular telephone. Ms. Packard agreed, and the Defendant
“pulled out a wad of money” and offered to pay for use of the telephone. The Defendant
explained to Ms. Packard that he needed to “call for his ride.” Later, Ms. Packard saw an
SUV arrive.
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After hearing the evidence, the trial court made the following findings:
I find the State has proven by an appropriate standard, that the conduct
related to the charges of aggravated burglary and theft, the manufacture of
methamphetamine, and all of the drug paraphernalia, possession of
methamphetamine for resell, and the negligent child abuse, I find it’s sufficient
to find a violation of rule one.
I also find concerning the drugs that were found is sufficient to find a
violation of rule eight related to the possession of controlled substances or
illegal substances. I, therefore, find that ground for revocation.
The trial court then revoked the Defendant’s probation and placed his sentences into effect.
The trial court subsequently issued two written orders. One order placed the Defendant’s
sentences into effect and the other order identified violations of probation Rule #1 and Rule
#8 as the basis for the revocation. It is from these judgments that the Defendant now appeals.
II. Analysis
The Defendant contends that the trial court’s revocation of his probation sentences
was an abuse of discretion. Specifically, he attacks the evidence as insufficient to support
a revocation of his probation sentences. The State responds that the trial court properly
revoked the Defendant’s probation. We agree with the State.
A trial court’s authority to revoke a suspended sentence is derived from Tennessee
Code Annotated section 40-35-310 (2010), which provides that the trial court possesses the
power “at any time within the maximum time which was directed and ordered by the court
for such suspension, . . . to revoke . . . such suspension” and cause the original judgment to
be put into effect. A trial court may revoke probation upon its finding by a preponderance
of the evidence that a violation of the conditions of probation has occurred. T.C.A. § 40-35-
311(e) (2010). “In probation revocation hearings, the credibility of witnesses is to be
determined by the trial judge.” State v. Mitchell, 810 S.W.2d 733, 735 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1991). If a trial court revokes a defendant’s probation, options include ordering confinement,
ordering the sentence into execution as originally entered, returning the defendant to
probation on modified conditions as appropriate, or extending the defendant’s period of
probation by up to two years. T.C.A. §§ 40-35-308(a), (c), -310 (2010); see State v. Hunter,
1 S.W.3d 643, 648 (Tenn. 1999).
The judgment of the trial court in a revocation proceeding will not be disturbed on
appeal unless there has been an abuse of discretion. See State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554
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(Tenn. 2001); State v. Smith, 909 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995). In order for this
Court to find an abuse of discretion, “there must be no substantial evidence to support the
conclusion of the trial court that a violation of the conditions of probation has occurred.”
State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553, 554 (Tenn. 2001). Further, a finding of abuse of discretion
“‘reflects that the trial court’s logic and reasoning was improper when viewed in light of the
factual circumstances and relevant legal principles involved in a particular case.’” Shaffer,
45 S.W.3d at 555 (quoting State v. Moore, 6 S.W.3d 235, 242 (Tenn. 1999)).
In the present case, the trial court found that the Defendant had violated the condition
of probation that states, “I will obey the laws of the United States as well as any municipal
ordinances.” The trial court also found that the Defendant had violated the condition that
states, “I will not use intoxicants (beer, whiskey, wine, etc) of any kind to excess or have in
my possession narcotic drugs or marijuana. I will not enter an establishment whose prime
purpose is to sell alcoholic beverages (bars, taverns, clubs, etc.). I will submit to random
drug screens as directed.”
We conclude that the record supports the trial court’s finding that the Defendant had
violated the conditions of his probation sentences. The Defendant’s probation officer, Ms.
Hill, testified about the Defendant’s subsequent arrests in violation of his conditions of
probation. Deputy Thompson testified that he served arrest warrants for the Defendant’s
involvement in the burglary of the Morton’s home. After taking the Defendant into custody,
Deputy Thompson searched his residence, finding drugs, drug paraphernalia, and numerous
items used to manufacture methamphetamine. The Defendant’s two-year-old and seven-
year-old children were present in the house at the time. The record contains the testimony
of witnesses concerning the Defendant’s violations of probation. The trial court heard the
proof and accredited the State’s witnesses.
The Defendant specifically asserts that “the trial court did not make findings of fact
sufficiently orally or through a written order.” We respectfully disagree. The trial court
made the necessary findings of fact, expressly stating the probation rules that were violated
and the offenses that were committed by the Defendant. It did so orally at the end of the
hearing and issued two subsequent written orders.
We conclude that there is substantial evidence supporting the trial court’s conclusion
that violations of the terms of the probation sentences occurred and that the Defendant’s
probation should be revoked based upon those violations. See State v. Delp, 614 S.W.2d 395,
298 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980). Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when
it revoked the Defendant’s probation. The Defendant is not entitled to relief as to this issue.
III. Conclusion
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Based on the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the judgments of the
trial court.
_________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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