State v. Billy Joe Phillips,a.k.a. Billy Joe West, a.k.a Joseph L. Phillips ( 2000 )

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
July 25, 2000 Session
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. BILLY JOE PHILLIPS,
a.k.a. BILLY JOE WEST, a.k.a. JOSEPH L. PHILLIPS,
a.k.a. JOHN DOE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Morgan County
No. 8377 E. Eugene Eblen, Judge
No. E1999-00542-CCA-R3-CD
May 11, 2001
The defendant was convicted by a jury of one count of driving while his driver’s license was
revoked, one count of criminal impersonation, and was found guilty of violating the implied consent
law. The defendant claims there was insufficient evidence introduced to support his convictions.
After a careful review, we affirm the defendant’s conviction of criminal impersonation and reverse
and dismiss the defendant’s conviction for driving on a revoked driver’s license.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court
Affirmed in Part; Reversed and Dismissed in Part
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON and
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , JJ., joined.
Joe H. Walker, District Public Defender; Walter B. Johnson II, Assistant District Public Defender
(on appeal); Roland Cowden, Assistant District Public Defender (at trial), for the appellant, Billy Joe
Phillips.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Patricia C. Kussman, Assistant Attorney General;
J. Scott McCluen, District Attorney General; and D. Roger Delp, Assistant District Attorney General,
for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
The defendant, Billy Joe Phillips, was indicted on one count of driving under the influence,
one count of driving while his driver’s license was revoked, one count of criminal impersonation,
and was charged with one count of violating the implied consent law under Tennessee Code
Annotated section 55-10-406. A Morgan County jury subsequently acquitted the defendant of the
charge of driving under the influence, but convicted the defendant on one count of driving while his
driver’s license was revoked, one count of criminal impersonation, and found the defendant guilty
of violating the implied consent law. On appeal, the defendant raises the following issues: 1)
whether the evidence presented at trial was sufficient to support his conviction for driving with a
revoked driver’s license; and 2) whether evidence presented at trial was sufficient to support his
conviction for criminal impersonation. A careful review of the record shows that the evidence does
not support the conviction for driving with a revoked driver’s license, but does support the
conviction for criminal impersonation.
FACTS
On October 14, 1996, the Morgan County Sheriff was working on a joint project with an
officer from the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency. As the two were driving down the road, the
Sheriff saw the defendant driving in a yellow convertible sports car. The Sheriff believed that there
was an outstanding warrant in existence from another county for the defendant’s arrest. At the
Sheriff’s request, the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency officer turned his vehicle around and
began to pursue the defendant. The officers were successful in stopping the defendant.
When the officers approached the defendant’s car, they noticed empty beer cans in the front
floor of the car, several unopened cans of beer in the front seat, and one open beer can in the front
seat of the car. The defendant smelt of alcohol.
A patrol car arrived shortly thereafter and transported the defendant to the Morgan County
jail. While at the Morgan County jail, the defendant was offered a test to determine his level of
intoxication. After being informed of the consequences of refusing to take the test, the defendant
refused.
While the defendant was being processed, he gave the processing officer a driver’s license
bearing the name Billy Joe West and told the officer that his name was Billy Joe West. A
conversation between the processing officer and the Sheriff ensued immediately thereafter. In the
conversation between the two, the Sheriff told the processing officer that the name the defendant
gave was not his correct name. The defendant was thereafter charged with the offense of criminal
impersonation.
A Morgan County jury acquitted the defendant of driving under the influence, but convicted
him on one count of driving while his driver’s license was revoked, one count of criminal
impersonation, and found him guilty of violating the implied consent law. The defendant received
two consecutive six-month sentences for driving with a revoked driver’s license and criminal
impersonation, and his driving privileges were suspended for a period of twelve months. This appeal
is properly before us as a matter of right.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
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The defendant contends that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support his
convictions for driving with a revoked driver’s license and criminal impersonation.
Standard of Review
When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, this court must review the
record to determine if the evidence adduced during the trial was sufficient “to support the findings
by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e). This rule is
applicable to findings of guilt predicated upon direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, or a
combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Brewer, 932 S.W.2d 1,18 (Tenn. Crim.
App.1996).
In determining the sufficiency of the evidence, this court does not reweigh or reevaluate the
evidence. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn.1978). Nor may this court substitute its
inferences for those drawn by the trier of fact from circumstantial evidence. Lianas v. State, 199
Tenn. 298, 305, 286 S.W.2d 856, 859 (1956). To the contrary, this court is required to afford the
State the strongest legitimate view of the evidence contained in the record as well as all reasonable
and legitimate inferences which may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Tuttle, 914 S.W.2d 926,
932 (Tenn. Crim. App.1995).
The trier of fact, not this court, resolves questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses,
the weight and value to be given the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence.
Id. In State v. Grace, the Tennessee Supreme Court stated, “[a] guilty verdict by the jury, approved
by the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all conflicts in
favor of the theory of the State.” 493 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Tenn. 1973).
Because a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and replaces it with a
presumption of guilt, the accused has the burden in this court of illustrating why the evidence is
insufficient to support the verdict returned by the trier of fact. State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913, 914
(Tenn. 1982); Grace, 493 S.W.2d at 476.
Analysis: Driving with a Revoked License
Two warrants for prior DUI’s were introduced at trial in support of the allegation that the
defendant’s driver’s license was revoked at the time of the instant offenses. The name on the first
warrant introduced as Exhibit 2 named the defendant therein as Joseph L. Phillips. The second
warrant introduced as Exhibit 3 named the defendant therein as John Doe. No one testified that this
defendant was the same defendant as the defendant named in the above warrants. The warrants
specified conviction dates of October 1992 and November 1992. The warrants further contained a
description of the final outcomes of these cases in a section contained therein entitled “Judgment.”
The judgment set forth in the October 1992 warrant indicates that this defendant’s driving privilege
was suspended for a period of one year, and the judgment set forth in the November 1992 warrant
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indicates that this defendant’s driving privilege was revoked for a period of one year.
At trial, testimony was also given by the officer who processed the defendant after his arrest.
The officer testified that the defendant’s birth date and social security number were used to
determine whether the defendant’s driver’s license was suspended. However, the officer never
testified whom he called to make this determination, nor whether he was able to determine if the
defendant’s license was suspended or revoked at the time the defendant was arrested. The officer
further testified that he alleged in an affidavit that the defendant’s driver’s license was revoked. An
allegation in an affidavit however is not substantive proof of revocation. This testimony and the two
warrants set forth above were all the evidence that was presented at trial to prove that the defendant’s
driving privileges were suspended at the time of the offenses in this case.
We are at a loss to understand why the State failed to offer documentation from the
Tennessee Department of Safety, particularly, a certified copy of the defendant’s “OFFICIAL
DRIVER RECORD.” Such evidence would have been sufficient to prove the defendant’s
revocation status. See State v. Donnie Ray Sisk, Franklin County, C.C.A. No. 01C01-9803-CC-
00143 (Tenn. Crim. App., filed May 12, 1999, at Nashville).
While the two warrants are sufficient to prove that the defendant’s driver’s license may have
been suspended and/or revoked at some previous point in time, they do not support the State’s
contention that the defendant was driving with a revoked driver’s license at the time of the offenses
in this case. Nearly four years had passed between the time of the aforementioned warrants and the
time of the instant offenses - more than ample time for the suspension and revocation contained
within the judgments of those warrants to expire. Further, the testimony given at trial by the officer
who processed the defendant after the defendant’s arrest does not support the contention that the
defendant was driving while his driver’s license was revoked. Clearly, more was necessary for the
officer’s testimony to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was driving while his
driving privileges were suspended or revoked. “Neither [the warrants], nor the testimony of the
arresting officer, constitute proof that the [defendant’s] Tennessee driver’s license was ever revoked,
suspended or cancelled ‘by formal action’ of the Department of Safety as required by Tenn. Code
Ann § 55-50-102(5), (42), and (47).” State v. Matt, Davidson County, No.01C01-9108-CC-00249
(Tenn. Crim. App., filed March 31, 1992, at Nashville), perm. to appeal denied August 24, 1992.
Additionally, there is nothing in the record “to show that the Department of Safety notified the
[defendant] of their proposed action or actually proceeded to deprive him of the privilege of driving
on a Tennessee driver’s license.” Id. The two warrants and testimony given in this case were
insufficient to convict the defendant of driving with a revoked license.
Analysis: Criminal Impersonation
Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-16-301(a) sets forth that “a person commits criminal
impersonation who, with intent to injure or defraud another person:
(1) Assumes a false identity;
(2) Pretends to be a representative of some person or organization;
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(3) Pretends to be an officer or employee of the government; or
(4) Pretends to have a handicap or disability.
The indictment against the defendant states that the defendant, with the intent to defraud another,
assumed a false identity.
At trial, one officer testified that when he was processing the defendant, the defendant gave
him a driver’s license bearing the name Billy Joe West and told the officer that his name was Billy
Joe West. The officer also testified that after the defendant gave the officer this name (Billy Joe
West) during processing, the Sheriff told the officer that the name the defendant gave the officer was
not his correct name.
The Sheriff of Morgan County testified as follows:
Question: Mr. Jones, did you know – how long have you known this defendant?
Answer: I’ve known Mr. Phillips for a few years. His mother use to take care of my mom
and dad when they were in their latter years, for three or four or five years or
something.
Question: So did you know him quite a few years back, then?
Answer: I knew him, not so to say personally, but I knew him when I seen him, knew his
family.
Question: You knew his mother?
Answer: Yes, sir; knew his father.
Question: And at the time the years that you’re talking about, when you knew his mother
and father, and knew him essentially through them, I suppose.
Answer: Yes, sir.
Question: What was his name?
Answer: Joe Phillips.
Question: Now when you saw this defendant on October the 14th of 1998, did you know
who he was when you saw him?
Answer: Yes, sir.
The testimony given by both the officer and Sheriff do support a jury finding of guilt beyond
a reasonable doubt that the defendant engaged in criminal impersonation. There was sufficient
evidence before this jury for them to properly conclude the defendant was not who he claimed to be
to the officer.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support the conviction
of the defendant for driving with a revoked license but sufficient to support the conviction for
criminal impersonation. Accordingly, the defendant’s conviction for driving with a revoked license
is reversed and dismissed and the conviction for criminal impersonation is affirmed.
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JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, JUDGE
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