Leonard Edward Smith v. State of Tennessee ( 2020 )

04/06/2020
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs January 29, 2020
LEONARD EDWARD SMITH v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamblen County
No. 2017-CR-383 Thomas J. Wright, Judge
No. E2019-00596-CCA-R3-ECN
In 1985, a Hamblen County jury convicted the Petitioner, Leonard Edward Smith, of the
first degree felony murder of victim Pierce and the first degree premeditated murder of
victim Webb. Multiple appeals and remands ensued, following which the Petitioner was
ultimately sentenced to two consecutive life terms. In 2017, the Petitioner filed a motion
to reopen post-conviction proceedings and a petition for a writ of error coram nobis. The
trial court held a hearing and denied relief. On appeal, the Petitioner contends that his
motion to reopen should have been granted based on newly discovered evidence, which
deprived him of a fair trial, and that he is entitled to coram nobis relief based upon the
newly discovered evidence. After review, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT H.
MONTGOMERY, JR., and TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JJ., joined.
Jefferson B. Fairchild, Rogersville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Leonard Edward Smith.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Katherine C. Redding, Assistant
Attorney General; and Barry P. Staubus, District Attorney General, for the appellee, State
of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts and Background
This case arises from the Petitioner’s involvement in the shooting deaths of the
victims, John Pierce and Novella Webb. In an opinion addressing his petition for post-
conviction relief, our supreme court summarized the facts as follows:
In 1984 the [Petitioner], Leonard Edward Smith, his friend, David
Hartsock, and his girlfriend, Angela O’Quinn, robbed two small grocery
stores in rural Sullivan County. Armed with a .32 caliber pistol, [co-
defendant] Hartsock entered Malone’s Grocery alone, while [the Petitioner]
and O’Quinn waited for him outside the store in [the Petitioner’s] car.
During the course of the robbery, [co-defendant] Hartsock shot and killed
John Pierce. The trio left Malone’s Grocery and proceeded to [Novella]
Webb’s store near the Carter–Sullivan County line. Both [the Petitioner]
and [co-defendant] Hartsock entered Webb’s store. [The Petitioner] was
carrying the gun, and during the robbery, he shot and killed Novella Webb.
The victim and her husband owned and operated the store.
Smith v. State, 357 S.W.3d 322, 328 (Tenn. 2011) (“Smith V”). For these crimes, after
multiple appeals and rulings by this court and our supreme court, and after the State
declined to seek the death penalty on the fourth remand for sentencing, the Petitioner was
ultimately sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment. See Smith V, 357
S.W.3d at 328; State v. Smith, 993 S.W.2d 6 (Tenn. 1999) (“Smith IV”); State v. Smith,
857 S.W.2d 1 (Tenn. 1993) (“Smith II”); see also State v. Smith, 755 S.W.2d 757 (Tenn.
1988) (“Smith I”); Smith v. Westbrooks, No. 2:13-CV-132-JRG-MCLC, 2016 WL
5724321, at *2 (E.D. Tenn. Sept. 30, 2016); State v. Smith, 906 S.W.2d 6 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1995) (“Smith III”).
In 2016, the Petitioner filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus in federal
court in the Eastern District of Tennessee, challenging his convictions and sentences for
both murders. Smith, 2016 WL 5724321, at *2. The district court denied relief. Id. at
*15. Citing to Smith I, the district court summarized trial testimony relevant to this
appeal:
Chester Blythe, a special agent with the F.B.I. and a microscopic
analyst, testified that hair taken from the campsite on Holston Mountain in
Sullivan County matched Hartsock’s hair sample but did not match the
[Petitioner’s] sample.
Id. at *8.
In 2017, the Petitioner filed a motion to reopen his post-conviction petition, or
alternatively a petition for a writ of error coram nobis, alleging the discovery of new
evidence, which he claimed established his “actual innocence.” He offered a letter and
corresponding report from the U.S. Department of Justice concluding that FBI Special
Agent Blythe’s expert testimony about hair analysis made “scientifically unfounded
assertions” that misled the jury.
2
The trial court held a hearing on the petition for a writ of error coram nobis, during
which the following evidence was presented: H. Greeley Wells, Jr., a former assistant
district attorney general who prosecuted the Petitioner, testified about the procedural
history of the Petitioner’s case. Mr. Wells recalled the trial testimony of FBI Special
Agent Blythe; the special agent testified at the Petitioner’s trial that he compared the
campsite hair samples to samples from the Petitioner and his co-defendant, David
Hartsock. The campsite hairs had been found on Holston Mountain, in the area of the
crimes, within a few days of the murders. Mr. Wells testified that Special Agent Blythe
testified at trial that none of the hairs found at the campsite matched the Petitioner’s
DNA. Special Agent Blythe did testify that there was a possible match of the hairs, but
not a positive match, with co-defendant Hartsock.
Mr. Wells recalled that the hair samples were relevant at trial because the
Petitioner and his co-defendants had admitted to camping on Holston Mountain following
the murders and admitted to cutting their hair to disguise their identities. Mr. Wells
testified that the letter from the FBI and its corresponding report did not contain new
evidence with regards to the Petitioner and the hair analysis testimony. Mr. Wells stated
that the Petitioner’s convictions were based on the Petitioner’s statements and
corroborating evidence and that the hair analysis testimony had no bearing on the
outcome of his trial.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court issued an order, stating:
[I]t appears to the undersigned that [Special Agent Blythe’s] hair
analysis testimony was completely inconsequential. First, none of the hairs
recovered were identified as belonging to [the Petitioner.] Second, [the
Petitioner] admits that he and his co-defendant [Hartsock] cut their hair
after the murders. [Co-defendant Hartsock] also told police that they had
cut their hair after the murders. The fact that they both cut their hair after
the murders was corroborated by their appearance when they were arrested
two days later as well as by the location of hair taken from the campsite.
More importantly, there really was no question about [the Petitioner]
and [co-defendant] Hartsock being together before, during, and after the
crimes. [The Petitioner] was “tied to” [co-defendant] Hartsock at a remote
cabin when they were arrested. The fact that some of the hair recovered
from their campsite was identified as being consistent with the hair of [co-
defendant] Hartsock did not make it more or less likely that [the Petitioner]
was involved in the Pierce murder as a conspirator and accomplice,
encouraging, planning, and participating in an armed robbery in which a
3
store keeper was killed. [The Petitioner] owned and drove the getaway car
from the crime scene and attempted to cover up the crime by disposing of
the gun, burning the getaway car, and cutting his hair. [Special Agent
Blythe’s] hair analysis might have exceeded the scope of science, but it had
nothing to do with [the Petitioner’s] guilt in this case and the Court finds
that this newly discovered scientific evidence does not establish that [the
Petitioner] is actually innocent of the Pierce murder. Accordingly, the
motion to re-open [the Petitioner’s] post-conviction petition will be denied.
....
While there is no question that the newly obtained scientific
evidence was not previously available to the [Petitioner], through no fault
of his own, a successful petition for a writ of error coram nobis also
requires the reviewing court to determine that such evidence may have
resulted in a different judgment, had it been presented at trial. Here, the
newly discovered evidence is that the FBI examiner alleged to have
testified with more certainty than the science would support as to the
identification of the hair belonging to [the Petitioner’s] co-defendant. As
noted above, the hair analysis testimony was essentially inconsequential
and had no effect on [the Petitioner’s] conviction for the Pierce murder.
Whether the FBI hair examiner[’s] testimony was toned down at trial by the
introduction of the newly discovered evidence that it exceeded the science,
or was completely excluded from the trial, the result would be the same:
[the Petitioner] would be convicted of felony murder for his role in the
offense during which Mr. Pierce was killed.
Accordingly, this Court finds that the new evidence would not have
resulted in a different judgment if presented at trial and therefore the
petition for a writ of error coram nobis will be denied.
It is from this judgment that the Petitioner appeals.
III. Analysis
On appeal, the Petitioner argues that the trial court erred when it denied his motion
to re-open post-conviction proceedings based on the letter from the FBI because, in light
of the “extremely limited proof” offered by the State to tie the Petitioner to the murder of
victim Pierce, “any deficiency in that proof is material.” The Petitioner further alleges
that the trial court erred when it dismissed his petition for a writ of error coram nobis
because, had the hair analysis expert testimony been excluded, reasonable doubt would
4
exist, and the jury would have acquitted the Petitioner of the felony murder charge. The
State responds that this court lacks jurisdiction to consider the Petitioner’s motion to
reopen post-conviction proceedings because the Petitioner failed to comply with the
procedures for seeking review of a motion to re-open a petition for post-conviction relief.
The State further responds that the Petitioner did not present newly discovered evidence
that was likely to change the outcome of his trial and thus, the trial court properly
dismissed his petition for a writ of error coram nobis.
A. Motion to Reopen Post-Conviction Proceeding
The grounds for reopening a petition for post-conviction relief are narrow:
(a) A petitioner may file a motion in the trial court to reopen the first post-
conviction petition only if, as relevant here, the following applies:
(2) The claim in the motion is based upon new scientific
evidence establishing that the petitioner is actually innocent
of the offense or offenses for which the petitioner was
convicted; [and]
(4) It appears that the facts underlying the claim, if true,
would establish by clear and convincing evidence that the
petitioner is entitled to have the conviction set aside or the
sentence reduced.
(b) The motion must set out the factual basis underlying its claims and must
be supported by affidavit. The factual information set out in the affidavit
shall be limited to information which, if offered at an evidentiary hearing,
would be admissible through the testimony of the affiant under the rules of
evidence. The motion shall be denied unless the factual allegations, if true,
meet the requirements of subsection (a). If the court grants the motion, the
procedure, relief and appellate provisions of this part shall apply.
T.C.A. § 40-30-117(a)-(b) (2019).
A post-conviction court’s denial of a motion to reopen a post-conviction petition
does not afford a petitioner an appeal as of right, see Tennessee Rule of Appellate
Procedure 3(b), rather, such denial may be challenged on appeal only by the filing of an
application for permission to appeal no later than 30 days after the denial by the post-
conviction court. T.C.A. § 40-30-117(c); Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 10(B). There are four
requirements for an appeal from a motion to reopen to be considered: (1) the timeliness
5
of filing, (2) the place of filing, (3) the application to be filed, and (4) the attachments to
the application. Graham v. State, 90 S.W.3d 687, 689 (Tenn. 2002). “In general, the
contents of an application for permission to appeal must include the date and judgment
from which the petitioner seeks review, the issue which the petitioner seeks to raise, and
the reasons why the appellate court should grant review.” Id. at 691. Whether a notice of
appeal satisfies the requirements of an application for permission to appeal is a matter of
substance over form. Id. The four statutory requirements are mandatory. Timothy
Roberson v. State, No. W2007-00230-CCA-R3-PC, 2007 WL 3286681, at *9-10 (Tenn.
Crim. App., Jackson, Nov. 7, 2007), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Apr. 14, 2008).
In the present case, the Petitioner has failed to comply with the statutory
requirements for seeking appellate review. Specifically, the Petitioner failed to include in
his notice of appeal the specific issues he was seeking to raise on appeal. Moreover, the
Petitioner has not, at any point in this post-conviction proceeding, presented new
scientific evidence establishing that he is actually innocent of the aggravated robbery
which led to victim Pierce’s death. As established at the post-conviction hearing, and as
we address in further detail below, the special agent’s testimony at trial and the “new
scientific evidence” contained in the FBI’s letter were inconsequential as to the
Petitioner’s guilt, based on his admitted role in the crime. The trial court did not err
when it denied the Petitioner’s motion to reopen the petition because the Petitioner failed
to introduce evidence that established his actual innocence. The Petitioner is not entitled
to relief.
B. Petition for Writ of Error Coram Nobis
It is well-established that the writ of error coram nobis “is an extraordinary
procedural remedy . . . [that] fills only a slight gap into which few cases fall.” State v.
Mixon, 983 S.W.2d 661, 672 (Tenn. 1999). The decision to grant or to deny a petition for
the writ of error coram nobis on its merits rests within the sound discretion of the trial
court. Ricky Harris v. State, 301 S.W.3d 141, 144 (Tenn. 2010) (citing State v. Vasques,
221 S.W.3d 514, 527-28 (Tenn. 2007)). We, therefore, review for abuse of discretion.
See State v. Workman, 111 S.W.3d 10, 18 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2002). Tennessee Code
Annotated section 40-26-105(b) provides, in pertinent part:
Upon a showing by the defendant that the defendant was without fault in
failing to present certain evidence at the proper time, a writ of error coram
nobis will lie for subsequently or newly discovered evidence relating to
matters which are litigated at the trial if the judge determines that such
evidence may have resulted in a different judgment, had it been presented at
trial.
6
A petition for a writ of error coram nobis “‘may be dismissed without a hearing,
and without the appointment of counsel for a hearing’” if the petition does not allege
facts showing that the petitioner is entitled to relief. Bernardo Lane v. State, No. W2008-
02504-CCA-R3-CO, 2009 WL 4789887, at *5 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Dec. 11,
2009), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 17, 2010) (citations omitted). “As a general rule,
subsequently or newly discovered evidence which is simply cumulative to other evidence
in the record . . . will not justify the granting of a petition for the writ of error coram
nobis when the evidence, if introduced,” might not have resulted in a different outcome.
State v. Hart, 911 S.W.2d 371, 375 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995) (citations omitted); see also
Vasques, 221 S.W.3d at 525-28 (noting that proper standard of review is whether the
proffered evidence “might have” resulted in a different outcome rather than whether it
“would have” resulted in a different one).
In the present case, the Petitioner contends that the FBI letter was newly
discovered evidence that would have changed the outcome of the trial. He contends that
had Special Agent Blythe’s hair analysis testimony been excluded, he would have been
acquitted of the felony murder charge. The letter from the FBI addressed the science
surrounding hair analysis generally and did not address the Petitioner’s case specifically.
Moreover, the hair analysis testimony did not establish an affirmative match with the
Petitioner’s DNA; the agent merely stated that there was a potential match between the
hair sample and the Petitioner’s co-defendant. This, as the trial court stated, amounted to
inconsequential evidence in light of the proof presented by the State of the Petitioner’s
involvement in victim Pierce’s murder. The letters from the FBI addressed the general
possibility that the agent’s testimony might have overstated the science surrounding hair
analysis; excluding that testimony would not have changed the outcome of the
Petitioner’s trial on this charge. After review, we conclude that the trial court did not
abuse its discretion when it held that the Petitioner was not entitled to coram nobis relief.
IV. Conclusion
Based upon the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
____________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
7