John Watson v. Mike Young ( 2000 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
JOHN WATSON v. MIKE YOUNG, ET AL
An Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lake County
No. 98-7791; The Honorable R. Lee Moore, Jr., Judge
No. W1999-00683-COA-R3-CV - Decided July 10, 2000
This appeal arises from a lawsuit filed by an inmate at the Northwest Correctional Complex.
The complaint sought damages for personal injuries sustained as a result of an electrical shock
allegedly caused by the Defendant’s inactions. The Lake County Circuit Court dismissed the
complaint finding that the plaintiff’s claim sounded in negligence and the defendants, as state
employees, enjoyed absolute immunity from negligence claims.
Tenn.R.App.P. 3; Appeal as of right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
HIGHERS , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which FARMER , J., and LILLARD , J., joined.
John Watson, pro se, Tiptonville, Tennessee
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General; Pamela S.
Lorch, Assistant Attorney General, Nashville, Tennessee, for Appellees
OPINION
John Watson appeals from the decision of the Lake County Circuit Court, which dismissed his pro
se complaint. For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the trial court’s decision.
I. Facts and Procedural History
John Watson (“Appellant”) is a Tennessee Department of Correction inmate housed at the
Northwest Correctional Complex (“NWCC”) in Tiptonville, Tennessee. Mike Young and Sonny
Wilkerson, the Defendants, were, at all times relevant, supervisors in the food service department
at NWCC.
On May 8, 1998, the Appellant suffered burn injuries after allegedly coming into contact with
exposed electrical wiring while working in the kitchen. He filed suit against Young and Wilkerson,
claiming that they were aware of the risk of harm but failed to take any action to correct the
dangerous condition. After no answer was filed on behalf of the defendants, the Appellant filed a
request for entry of default. On October 22, 1998, the trial court entered an order giving the
Defendants thirty days in which to respond to the complaint.1 Thereafter, the Attorney General’s
Office, on behalf of the defendants, filed a motion for an extension of time in which to respond to
the complaint. The trial court granted the motion, and the defendants subsequently filed a motion
to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 12.02(1) and (6).
On August 12, 1999, the trial court entered an order dismissing the case, finding that the
complaint asserted claims for negligence and the defendants, as state employees, had absolute
immunity from negligence claims pursuant to T.C.A. §9-8-307(h). The present appeal arises from
the order dismissing the complaint.
II. Law and Analysis
This appeal comes before the court on a motion to dismiss pursuant to rules 12.02(1) and (6)
of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. In considering the appeal of a Rule 12.02(6) motion to
dismiss, this court is required to take the allegations of the complaint as true and to construe the
allegations liberally in favor of the plaintiff. Pemberton v. American Distilled Spirits Co., 664
S.W.2d 690, 691 (Tenn. 1984). Such a motion admits the truth of all relevant and material
averments contained in the complaint but asserts that such facts do not constitute a cause of action.
Humphries v. West End Terrace, Inc., 795 S.W.2d 128, 130 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990). Our review of
the complaint leads us to conclude that the motion to dismiss was properly granted.
The defendants, as state employees, enjoy immunity pursuant to T.C.A. § 9-8-307(h), which
provides:
State officers and employees are absolutely immune from liability for
acts or omissions within the scope of the officer's or employee's office
or employment, except for willful, malicious, or criminal acts or
omissions or for acts or omissions done for personal gain. For
purposes of this chapter, "state officer" or "employee" has the
meaning set forth in § 8-42-101(3).
The immunity provided by the quoted language serves as an absolute defense to all actions not
within the express exceptions. Therefore, the dispositive issue in this case centers on the nature of
the Appellant’s cause of action.
In his complaint, entitled “Tort Complaint,” the Appellant seeks redress for the “negligent
and proximate injury he received while being confined to his assigned work duty.” He further claims
that his injuries would not have occurred “had the defendants took reasonable care” and that their
1
Subsequent to this order, both Defendants filed “memorandums” with the trial court in
which they addressed the complaint filed by the Appellant.
2
“negligence was the proximate result of injuries plaintiff suffered.”2 Even his brief, filed for the
purposes of this appeal, speaks in terms of a negligence action. While it is sometimes difficult to
decipher a legal document written by a layperson, we are of the opinion that the Appellant’s
complaint clearly states a cause of action for negligence.
Even if we were to assume, arguendo, that the Defendants were aware of some defect in the
electrical wiring, their failure to repair such a defect does not qualify as a willful, malicious, or
criminal act. At most, the Defendants were negligent in failing to remedy a known risk. The
Appellant’s complaint speaks in negligence terms, and the mere insertion of words such as “wanton”
or “deliberate indifference” does not change the character of the cause of action. Therefore, no
exception to the statutory immunity exists, and the trial court properly dismissed the complaint.3
The Appellant also claims that the Defendants violated his rights under the Eight Amendment
to the United States Constitution. We need not ponder long to conclude that the complaint fails to
state a claim under the Eighth Amendment. Prison conditions are violative of the Eighth
Amendment only when they result in “serious deprivations of basic human needs.” Rhodes v.
Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347, 101 S.Ct. 2392, 2399, 115 L.Ed.2d 271 (1981). The question under
the Eighth Amendment is whether prison officials, acting with deliberate indifference, exposed a
prisoner to a sufficiently substantial "risk of serious damage to his future health." Helling v.
McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 35, 113 S.Ct. 2475, 2481, 125 L.Ed.2d 22 (1993). As stated previously,
the allegations in the complaint, at most, make out a claim for negligence. Mere negligence does
not constitute deliberate indifference for the purposes of an Eighth amendment violation. Estelle v.
Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976). Moreover, we do not believe that the
alleged injuries suffered by the Appellant are the type of “serious damage” contemplated by the
applicable cases. As such, we believe the trial court was correct in dismissing that part of the
Appellant’s complaint alleging a violation of his Eighth Amendment rights.
2
We believe the Appellant intended the word “cause” instead of “result.”
3
In his appeal brief, the Appellant attempts to invoke T.C.A. § 9-8-307 (C), which confers
jurisdiction for “Negligently created or maintained dangerous conditions on state controlled real
property.” This issue has not been raised previously, therefore we shall not consider it in this appeal.
See Lovell v. Metropolitan Government, 696 S.W.2d 2 (Tenn. 1985); Lawrence v. Stanford, 655
S.W.2d 927 (Tenn. 1983); Moran v. City of Knoxville, 600 S.W.2d 725 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1979).
3
Conclusion
For the aforementioned reasons, the decision of the trial court is affirmed.4 Costs of the
appeal are taxed against the Appellant, John Watson, for which execution may issue if necessary.
4
The Appellant also claims that the trial court erred in failing to address his motion for
default judgment. The question of whether the default judgment should have been granted lies
within the discretion of the trial court, and we find no reason to question the court’s decision.
4