Bobby Roberson v. Martha Brasfield, Comm. ( 1998 )

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
WESTERN SECTION AT JACKSON
BOBBY ROBERSON, )
)
Plaintiff/Appellant, ) Lauderdale Circuit No. 4874
)
VS. ) Appeal No. 02A01-9704-CV-00085
MARTHA BRASFIELD, Commr.,
)
) FILED
et al, )
) February 20, 1998
Defendant/Appellee. )
Cecil Crowson, Jr.
Appellate C ourt Clerk
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF LAUDERDALE COUNTY
AT RIPLEY, TENNESSEE
THE HONORABLE JOSEPH H. WALKER, JUDGE
BOBBY ROBERSON, pro se
Henning, Tennessee
JOHN KNOX WALKUP
Attorney General & Reporter
STEVEN A. HART
Special Counsel
Nashville, Tennessee
Attorney for Appellee
AFFIRMED
ALAN E. HIGHERS, J.
CONCUR:
DAVID R. FARMER, J.
HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.
Plaintiff, Bobby Roberson (“Roberson”), appeals the order of the trial court granting
the motion of Defendants, Martha Brasfield, Commissioner of the Tennessee Claims
Commission (“Commissioner”); Jimmy Harrison, Warden of Cold Creek Correctional
Facility (“C.C.C.F.”); and Roy Kelly, correctional officer at C.C.C.F., to dismiss the action
under Tennessee Rule of Civil Procedure 12.02 for failure to state a claim upon which relief
can be granted and for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Roberson appeals the trial
court’s judgment. For reasons stated hereinafter, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
On October 10, 1995, Roberson was placed in segregation pending disciplinary
proceedings for creating a disturbance within C.C.C.F. Roberson avers that he was not
allowed to return to his housing unit to gather his belongings before being escorted to
segregation. Roberson’s belongings were packed by officer Kelly and Roberson’s cell
mate. This property was sealed and delivered to the building where Roberson was located
and turned over to officers in charge of handling the property of the prisoners at C.C.C.F.
These officers placed Roberson’s belongings in a conference room in order to allow him
to inspect his belongings. After inspecting his belongings, Roberson discovered that his
jewelry was not present. He inquired of the officers as to the whereabouts of his jewelry,
but the officers replied that no one brought them jewelry. The officers informed Roberson
of the procedure for filing a claim for lost property.
On December 13, 1995, Roberson filed such a claim with the Tennessee Claims
Commission for the loss of his jewelry alleging negligence on the part of officer Kelly and
Warden Harrison. The Tennessee Claims Commission denied Roberson’s claim on
January 30, 1996.
On December 6, 1996, Roberson filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of Lauderdale
County pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-20-305, alleging loss of property. Roberson’s
complaint contends that Defendants acted negligently, resulting in the loss of his property
and entitling him to reimbursement in the amount of $2,029. Specifically, he claims that
Defendants were negligent in failing to follow Tennessee Department of Correction Policy
when transferring his property within the prison and in failing to investigate his claim
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properly thereby resulting in the alleged loss of his jewelry.
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02 on the
grounds that the Circuit Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction and that the complaint
failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. On March 3, 1997, Roberson
requested leave to file an amended complaint. The trial allowed him to file an amended
complaint, and the complaint was filed on March 4, 1997. Mr. Roberson’s amended
complaint voiced an additional cause of action. Specifically, he contended that
Defendants’ negligent handling of his property had resulted in a taking of his property
without due process.
On March 15, 1997, the Circuit Court issued an order whereby it adopted the
Defendants’ analysis set forth in their memorandum in support of the motion to dismiss and
granted the Defendants’ motion to dismiss pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02. This appeal
ensued.
The sole issue before this court is whether the trial court erred in dismissing the
complaint pursuant to Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.02 for failure to state a claim upon which relief
can be granted and for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.
LAW AND DISCUSSION
The issues presented in this matter are questions of law raised by the motion to
dismiss based upon a failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and upon
a lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Consequently, the scope of our review is de novo with
no presumption of correctness. See T.R.A.P. 13(d); Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston,
854 S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993).
A Rule 12.02 motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be
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granted tests only the sufficiency of the complaint, not the strength of a plaintiff’s proof as
does, for example, a motion for a directed verdict. Merriman v. Smith, 599 S.W.2d 548,
560 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1979). The failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted
is determined by an examination of the complaint alone. Wolcotts Fin. Serv. Inc. v.
McReynolds, 807 S.W.2d 708, 710 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990). The basis for the motion is that
the allegations contained in the complaint, considered alone and taken as true, are
insufficient to state a claim as a matter of law. Cornpropst v. Sloan, 528 S.W.2d 188, 190
(Tenn. 1975); Shelby County v. King, 620 S.W.2d 493, 494 (Tenn. 1981); Shipley v.
Knoxville Journal Corp., 670 S.W.2d 222, 223 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1984). The motion admits
the truth of all relevant and material averments contained in the complaint but asserts that
such facts do not constitute a cause of action. League Cent. Credit Union v. Mottern, 660
S.W.2d 787, 789 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1983).
We need not tarry long with Roberson’s claim for monetary relief. First, it is
imperative to note that he brought this action pursuant to the Tennessee Governmental
Tort Liability Act (TGTLA) codified at Tenn. Code Ann. § 29-20-101 et seq. Defendants
argue that the TGTLA has no application to the state government or its agencies and
departments, and only applies to municipal, county, or other local governments. We are
of the opinion that this contention is well taken, and that the trial court was correct in
dismissing this matter partly on this basis. As our Supreme Court stated in Tennessee
Dept. Of Mental Health and Mental Retardation v. Hughes, 531 S.W.2d 299, 300 (Tenn.
1975):
While there is broad language defining “governmental entity”
in T.C.A. § 23-3302(1) (now codified as T.C.A. § 29-20-102),
the entire statute has to be read in context, and it is clear from
reading the entire Act that the references therein are to local
governmental entities, their agencies and employees. While
we think that the Act is sufficiently clear in this regard as not to
require the use of extrinsic aids in interpretation, nevertheless
if there should be sufficient doubt on the point to justify a
finding that the statute is ambiguous, the legislative debates in
connection with the passage of the Act make it clear that the
intention of the General Assembly was to deal with the
question of governmental immunity only at the county,
municipal, or other local level, and not at the state level.
See Lucius v. City of Memphis, 925 S.W.2d 522, 525 (Tenn. 1996); Youngblood v.
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Clepper, 856 S.W.2d 405, 406 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1993). Defendants Roy Kelly and Jimmy
Harrison are employed by the Tennessee Department of Correction and Defendant Martha
Brasfield is employed by the Tennessee Claims Commission. As such, all Defendants are
state employees and are thereby immune from this action taken under the provisions of
TGTLA.
Secondly, because of the sovereign immunity conferred on the State, Roberson can
seek monetary relief only in the manner permitted by statute. Exclusive jurisdiction of
claims for the negligent care, custody, or control of personal property is vested in the
Tennessee Claims Commission. Tenn. Code Ann. § 9-8-307(a)(i)(F). Tenn. Code Ann. §
9-8-307 (a)(3)(h) provides:
State officers and employees are absolutely immune from
liability for acts or omissions within the scope of the officer’s or
employee’s office or employment, except for willful, malicious,
or criminal acts or omissions or for acts or omissions done for
personal gain. For purposes of this chapter, “state officer” or
“state employee” has the meaning set forth in Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 8-42-101(3).
Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-42-101(3) defines “state officer” or “state employee” in part as:
“State employee” means any person who is a state official,
including members of the general assembly and legislative
officials elected by the general assembly, or any person who
is employed in the service of and whose compensation is
payable by the state, . . .
In the case before us, although the state is not a named party to this action, it is apparent
from the complaint that Roberson is seeking recovery against the Defendants in their
official capacity as state employees. Roberson has not cited and our research has failed
to uncover a statute permitting persons confined to penal institutions to file suit against
state employees for monetary damages in the courts of this state in order to overcome this
grant of sovereign immunity. Furthermore, we failed to discover any facts alleged by
Roberson wherein he attempts to vitiate Defendants’ immunity under Tenn. Code Ann. §
9-8-307 (a)(3)(h) by alleging that Defendants’ actions in this matter were willful, malicious,
criminal, or done for their own personal gain. In fact, Roberson states that negligence is
the basis for his complaint. Accordingly, we find that the trial court correctly determined
that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over Roberson’s claim for monetary relief, and that
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his claim failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.1
Lastly, we consider whether the trial court was correct in dismissing Roberson’s due
process claim. After a careful examination of the record, we find that his claim alleges that
the negligent actions of Defendants deprived him of his fourth, eighth and fourteenth
amendment due process rights. Particularly, he states on page 3 of his amended
complaint: “Wherefore, premises considered, plaintiff seeks . . . [a]n order from the Court
that the defendants’ negligence is the proximate cause of this complaint.” This argument
must fail.
In Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986), the United States Supreme Court
held that mere negligence on the part of state officials does not implicate due process, and
therefore, does not state a cause of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Daniels v. Williams,
474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986); Shell v. State, 893 S.W.2d 416, 419 (Tenn. 1995). We agree
with the trial court that the allegations in the plaintiff’s complaint, taken as true, amount to
negligence, and, as such, we conclude that due process is simply not triggered by
negligent acts of state officials causing unintended loss or injury to life, liberty, or property.
We affirm the trial court’s dismissal of Roberson’s due process claim on the grounds that
he has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
The judgment of the trial court dismissing the complaint for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction and for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted is affirmed.
Costs of this appeal are taxed to Roberson.
HIGHERS, J.
1
W e fur ther n ote th at De fend ant B rasf ield is p rotec ted fo r her a cts o r om issio ns as Claim s
Comm issioner under the doctrine of judicial immunity. If an act or omission of a public employee
represents an exercise of discretion conferred by law or valid regulation, then the manner of exercise of
that discretion, absent willfulness, maliciousness, or corruption, is exempt from liability under the common
law rule of judicial immunity/quasi-judicial immunity first recognized by this state in Webb v. Fisher, 109
Tenn . 701, 72 S .W . 110 (19 02). See McCloud v. Bradley, 724 S.W .2d 362, 3 67 (Te nn. Ct. Ap p. 1986) .
Undoubtedly, in denying Roberson’s claim, Defendant Brasfield was operating under the power conferred
upon h er by the sta te of Te nness ee, and a s such , is judicially imm une from this action.
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CONCUR:
FARMER, J.
LILLARD, J.
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