Buddy Hernandez v. State ( 2019 )

NUMBER 13-17-00304-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
BUDDY HERNANDEZ, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 117th District Court
of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Contreras and Justices Longoria and Perkes
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria
Appellant Buddy Hernandez was indicted on two counts of aggravated sexual
assault of a child, a first-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021 (West,
Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.). He pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement, and
the trial court placed him on deferred-adjudication community supervision for a period of
six years. Thereafter, the trial court revoked Hernandez’s community supervision and
sentenced him to sixty years’ imprisonment. By four issues, Hernandez argues: (1) the
evidence is insufficient to show he violated a condition of his community supervision; (2)
the judgment of conviction is void because the trial court did not declare Hernandez guilty;
(3) “a defendant must be provided an opportunity to be heard on the issue of
punishment”; 1 and (4) his sentence is excessive and disproportionate. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Hernandez was indicted on September 13, 2012 for one count of continuous
sexual abuse of a child. See id. § 21.02 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.). The
child complainant was six-year-old D.G., 2 the son of Hernandez’s then common-law wife.
Four months later, he was reindicted for two counts of aggravated sexual assault of a
child. See id. § 21.021. On February 12, 2013, Hernandez pleaded guilty to two counts
of aggravated sexual assault of a child, and the trial court placed him on deferred
adjudication community supervision for six years pursuant to a plea agreement.
As a condition of his community supervision, Hernandez was prohibited from
having any contact with children under the age of seventeen, including his own.
Hernandez had a daughter, K.M., in 2004. K.M. lived with her mother during Hernandez’s
community supervision along with K.M.’s half-sister, H.H. Due to the court’s restrictions,
Hernandez moved in with his mother Rose, and his other daughter M.H. went to live with
Hernandez’s grandmother, Lydia. Hernandez filed motions for relief from the conditions
of his community supervision so that he could have contact with his children, specifically
1 Hernandez does not specifically argue the trial court failed to provide him this opportunity.
2 We refer to minors by their initials to protect their identity. See TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b).
2
M.H., but the trial court denied his motions. 3
The State filed a motion to revoke Hernandez’s community supervision on
February 20, 2017, alleging Hernandez committed the offense of continuous sexual
abuse of a child on or about June 13, 2013 through May 17, 2015, while Hernandez was
on community supervision. The trial court heard the State’s motion on April 13 and 14,
2017.
At the motion to revoke hearing, H.H. testified that she was around nine years old
when Hernandez started sexually molesting her. At his apartment, Hernandez waited
until K.M. and D.M., Hernandez’s common-law wife’s son, fell asleep. According to H.H.,
Hernandez took H.H. to his bedroom and shut the door. He placed H.H. on his lap and
asked her to kiss him. She kissed him on his neck, and he insisted that she keep kissing
him. When she did not, he asked her to kiss him on his mouth. H.H. refused, and
Hernandez kissed her on the mouth. She testified about a similar incident occurring at
Lydia’s home when H.H. was ten or eleven years old. While H.H. was on her way to the
restroom, Hernandez grabbed her butt cheeks, kissed her on her neck and mouth, and
whispered to H.H. not to tell anyone. Once Hernandez heard the front door open, he
stopped.
H.H. testified about Hernandez’s most recent sexual interaction with her, which
happened in the summer of 2014, one or two months before she left for Tennessee. It
was like all the other times: Hernandez touched her breasts, vagina, and her butt,
3 On May 5, 2015, Hernandez was convicted of three counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child
in trial court cause no. 14-CR-3997-B. The victim in that case was R.H. On May 8, 2015, he was convicted
of two counts of aggravated sexual assault of a child in trial court cause no. 15-CR-0181-B. The victim in
that case was J.H. Hernandez also pleaded guilty to one count of indecency with a child, and the victim in
that case was M.H.H. Although it is unclear from the record, it appears that these children were related to
Hernandez, and Hernandez was placed on community supervision for these offenses. These cases are
unrelated to this appeal.
3
motioning his hands around her body while kissing her. According to H.H., she moved to
Tennessee in August 2014 to live with her biological father because she “didn’t want to
deal with it anymore” and she “had enough” of Hernandez.
Hernandez’s daughter, K.M., testified she was eight years old when Hernandez
started touching her “private parts” both over and under her clothes, making her feel
uncomfortable. She remembers he would take her to a beach in a red van and take off
her clothes while he took off his. After laying the seats down, Hernandez would touch his
“pee part” with her “pee part.” When she asked him to stop, he would hit her face with
his hand telling her to “be quiet.” In a mean voice, he would tell her, “don’t tell nobody.”
Sometimes, Hernandez would put a sock in her mouth because she would start crying,
asking him to stop. K.M. testified she was around ten or eleven years old when
Hernandez touched her “poop part” on the outside and inside with his private part
underneath her clothes. These incidents occurred at the beach, Hernandez’s house, and
Lydia’s house. She testified the last time this happened was when she was around twelve
years old at Lydia’s house. Lydia confirmed there were times that H.H. and K.M. would
come over to Lydia’s while Hernandez was living with her while he was on community
supervision.
The trial court found Hernandez violated a condition of his community supervision,
revoked his community supervision, and sentenced him to sixty years’ confinement.
Hernandez filed a motion to reconsider, which the trial court later denied at the sentencing
hearing. This appeal followed.
II. SUFFICIENCY
By his first issue, Hernandez argues the evidence is insufficient to establish by a
4
preponderance that a violation occurred during his community supervision. Specifically,
he alleges the State failed to prove he committed an act of sexual abuse on more than
one occasion during his community supervision because “the only incident that was
shown to occur between June 13, 2013, and May 17, 2015, is the single instance of
[Hernandez] allegedly touching H.H. on her breasts, vagina, and anus, sometime in the
summer of 2014.” The State argues this evidence is sufficient to prove by a
preponderance that Hernandez violated his community supervision by committing an
offense against the laws of this State through the lesser-included offense of indecency
with a child. We agree with the State.
A. Standard of Review
We review a trial court’s revocation of community supervision under an abuse of
discretion standard. See Belt v. State, 127 S.W.3d 277, 280 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2004, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion if it revokes community supervision on
grounds that are not alleged in the State’s motion to revoke. Caddell v. State, 605 S.W.2d
275, 277 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1980). An order revoking community supervision
must be supported by a preponderance of the evidence. See id. In other words, the
burden of proof is on the State to establish that the greater weight of the credible evidence
creates a reasonable belief that the defendant has violated a condition of his community
supervision. See Maxey v. State, 49 S.W.3d 582, 584 (Tex. App.—Waco 2001, pet. ref’d).
We view the evidence presented at the revocation hearing in the light most favorable to
the trial court’s decision. See Liggett v. State, 998 S.W.2d 733, 736 (Tex. App.—
Beaumont 1999, no pet.).
When a trial court fails to make specific findings of fact and conclusions of law, it
5
is presumed that the court made the necessary findings to support its decision. Ice v.
State, 914 S.W.2d 694, 695 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, no pet.). We do not engage
in our own fact finding, but rather we review the entire record to determine whether there
are any facts that lend support for any theory upon which the trial court’s decision can be
sustained. Id. at 696. If the implied or actual finding is supported by the record, it must
be sustained. Id.
B. Applicable Law
Proof of a violation of one condition of community supervision is sufficient to
support the trial court’s decision to revoke. Garcia v. State, 387 S.W.3d 20, 26 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2012). Additionally, a trial court may revoke a defendant’s community
supervision if the State proves a lesser included offense than what has been alleged.
See Greer v. State, 783 S.W.2d 222, 224 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1989, no pet.) (“Since an
accused may be tried and convicted of a lesser included offense other than that alleged
in an indictment, we conclude that a probationer is likewise accountable for lesser
offenses included within the offense alleged in the motion to revoke.”).
Indecency with a child is lesser included offense of continuous sexual abuse.
Price v. State, 434 S.W.3d 601, 606 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014) (finding that a predicate
offense listed under Texas Penal Code § 21.02(c) will always be a lesser offense of
continuous sexual abuse, because the latter is, by its very definition, the commission
under certain circumstances of two or more of the offenses listed in that subsection).
Accordingly, if the evidence is sufficient to support a finding of indecency with a child,
then the trial court did not err by revoking Hernandez’s community supervision. See
Greer, 783 S.W.3d at 224.
6
C. Discussion
The State’s motion to revoke alleged that Hernandez committed the offense of
continuous sexual abuse of a child from June 13, 2013 through May 17, 2015. At the
revocation hearing, H.H. testified that Hernandez touched her inappropriately about ten
times. The last time he did so was when she was twelve or thirteen years old right before
she moved to Tennessee around August of 2014. H.H. claims Hernandez touched her
breasts, vagina, butt, and he kissed her. He told her not to tell anyone what happened.
According to H.H., this is the reason why she moved to Tennessee: she wanted to get
away from Hernandez. Moreover, K.M. testified that Hernandez began touching her
vagina when she was eight years old (2011) and the last time Hernandez touched her
inappropriately was at Lydia’s home when she was twelve years old (2015). Hernandez
was on community supervision when he committed this offense.
The trial court found that K.M. and H.H. were both “extremely credible” and that
Hernandez violated the terms of his community supervision based on H.H.’s testimony
with regard to the last time she was sexually molested. Although Hernandez argues this
is insufficient to prove continuous sexual abuse of a child, we do not need to address
whether the evidence established that he committed the crime of continuous sexual
abuse of a child during his community supervision period. We only need to consider
whether a preponderance of the evidence showed that Hernandez committed a lesser
included offense of continuous sexual abuse of a child during his community supervision.
See Greer, 783 S.W.2d at 224.
Based on a review of the record, we conclude the evidence supports the trial
court’s finding, by a preponderance of the evidence, that Hernandez committed the
7
offense of indecency with a child—a lesser included offense of continuous sexual abuse
of a child as alleged in the State’s motion to revoke. Because Hernandez’s community
supervision was conditioned on his not committing additional crimes, there was evidence
in the revocation proceeding that he violated that condition, and that crime was a lesser-
included offense of continuous sexual abuse of a child as alleged in the motion to revoke,
the evidence presented at Hernandez’s revocation hearing is legally sufficient to support
the trial court’s decision to revoke. See Garcia, 381 S.W.3d at 26; Greer, 783 S.W.2d at
224. We overrule Hernandez’s first issue.
III. PRONOUNCEMENT OF GUILT
By his second issue, Hernandez argues “the trial court failed to adjudicate [his]
guilt before pronouncing [his] sentence, rendering the sentence void.” 4
The trial court’s failure to verbalize the adjudication of guilt does not render the
judgment void. Villela v. State, 564 S.W.2d 750, 751 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978).
Beyond the pronouncement of sentence, “no further ritual or special incantation from the
bench is necessary to accomplish an adjudication of guilt.” Jones v. State, 795 S.W.2d
199, 201 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990) (en banc). Rather, the trial court’s action in assessing
punishment after a hearing is an implied rendition of guilt. See Villela, 564 S.W.2d at 751.
Further, a written judgment is valid even in the absence of an express oral pronouncement
of guilt by the trial court. Sanchez v. State, 222 S.W.3d 85, 88 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2006,
no pet.); Parks v. State, 960 S.W.2d 234, 238 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet.
ref’d) (citing Villela, 564 S.W.2d at 751).
Here, the trial court implicitly found Hernandez guilty of the underlying offense for
4 We note that Hernandez filed a motion “asking for the [trial] Court to reconsider its guilty verdict.”
8
which community supervision was ordered when it found that he violated the conditions
of his community supervision and scheduled a punishment hearing to be conducted at a
later time. No “further ritual or special incantation” was required. See Jones, 795 S.W.2d
at 201. Further, the trial court’s written judgment “adjudicating guilt” reflects that the trial
court adjudicated Hernandez guilty. See Sanchez, 222 S.W.3d at 88. Because the trial
court implicitly found Hernandez guilty before beginning a punishment hearing, it did not
err when it assessed punishment. Accordingly, we overrule his second issue.
IV. PUNISHMENT EVIDENCE
In his third issue, as we understand it, Hernandez generally asserts that he was
entitled to a punishment hearing after the adjudication of guilt, and the trial judge should
have allowed him the opportunity to present evidence on punishment issues. However,
the record establishes the trial court held a separate punishment hearing in which
Hernandez presented mitigating evidence in the form of testifying witnesses along with
mitigating factors relevant to sentencing. The trial court sentenced Hernandez only after
it considered all the evidence adduced at the punishment hearing. Therefore, Hernandez
was given the opportunity to be heard on the issue of punishment, and we see no merit
in this argument. We overrule his third issue.
V. SENTENCING
Finally, Hernandez argues that his sentence is excessive and disproportionate
because the Eight Amendment forbids cruel and unusual punishment. See U.S. CONST.
amend. VIII. The State asserts Hernandez failed to preserve error on this issue.
To preserve a complaint for appellate review that a sentence is grossly
disproportionate, constituting cruel and unusual punishment, a defendant must present
9
to the trial court a timely request, objection, or motion stating the specific grounds for the
ruling desired. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a); Wynn v. State, 219 S.W.3d 54, 61 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet ref’d) (holding that a defendant’s failure to object to
his life sentence of imprisonment as cruel and unusual punishment waived error); Solis
v. State, 945 S.W.2d 300, 301 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. ref’d) (holding
that a defendant could not assert cruel and unusual punishment for the first time on
appeal).
After the trial court announced its sentence at the punishment hearing, Hernandez
failed to object based on a violation of his Eighth Amendment right. Accordingly, we hold
that he has failed to preserve his Eighth Amendment complaint for review. Even if
Hernandez had preserved error for our review, he was convicted of two counts of
aggravated sexual assault of a child, a first-degree felony, which is punishable by
imprisonment for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than five years.
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 12.32 (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.). Therefore,
his sentence of sixty years is within the punishment range. Trevino v. State, 174 S.W.3d
925, 927 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2005, pet. ref’d) (holding punishment within the
statutory range is not cruel and unusual). We overrule his last point of error.
VI. CONCLUSION
Having overruled Hernandez’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
NORA L. LONGORIA
Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the
9th day of May, 2019.
10