Donald Evette Hardge v. State ( 1996 )

Hardge-DE v. State

IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-95-155-CR

&

No. 10-95-156-CR

     DONALD EVETTE HARDGE,

                                                                                              Appellant

     v.

     THE STATE OF TEXAS,

                                                                                              Appellee

From the 292nd District Court

Dallas County, Texas

Trial Court # F91-45377-V & F92-39151-V

                                                                                                    

O P I N I O N

                                                                                                    

      In Cause No. 10-95-155-CR Appellant Hardge appeals from his conviction for aggravated delivery of cocaine (over 28 grams—less than 200 grams) for which he was sentenced to 35 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and assessed a $5,000 fine.

      In Cause No. 10-95-156-CR Hardge appeals from his conviction for unlawful possession with intent to deliver cocaine (less than 28 grams) for which he was sentenced to 35 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and assessed a $5,000 fine.

      The two cases were tried together, there is one statement of facts, and the briefs in both cases are almost identical.

      Appellant was a drug dealer who operated three "crack houses" and employed others from time to time to transfer and sell cocaine.

      In Cause No. 10-95-155-CR, on December 9, 1991, undercover officer Benjamin purchased five "fifties" of cocaine from Appellant at an apartment on Overton Road in Dallas. Benjamin paid Appellant $1,200 for 29.05 grams after which Appellant told Officer Benjamin what to do if he wanted more.

      In Cause No. 10-95-156-CR, on December 18, 1991, Appellant was stopped by police in a traffic stop. An inventory of Appellant's car revealed 77 baggies of "dime socks," which are $10 rocks of cocaine that weigh between one and two grams each.

      Appellant was indicted, pled guilty, waived a jury, executed a judicial confession, and was given admonitions of all statutory and constitutional rights, in each case, by the trial judge. The pleas were open pleas. Evidence was heard on May 8, 1992, and the court found the evidence sufficient beyond a reasonable doubt to sustain Appellant's guilt in each case. Part of the punishment evidence was heard and the trial court recessed for the balance of the punishment evidence until June 1, 1992. On June 1, after hearing the balance of the punishment evidence, the trial court found Appellant guilty in both cases, and then sentenced him to 35 years and a $5,000 fine in each case.       Subsequently, Appellant pled guilty to murder in another case and was sentenced to ten years in prison.

      Counsel in all three cases failed to appeal the convictions. Appellant applied for out-of-time appeals by habeas corpus in the three cases, and the Court of Criminal Appeals granted the out-of-time appeals in the two drug cases here involved but denied the out-of-time appeal in the murder case.

      Appellant appeals Cause No. 10-95-155-CR and Cause No. 10-95-156-CR on three identical points of error.

      Point one: "Appellant was denied the right to effective assistance of counsel."

      In the June 1, 1992, punishment-phase hearing, Appellant testified "he was not criminally responsible for the offenses" with which he was charged. Appellant asserts he was denied effective assistance of counsel because his attorney failed at this time to move that his guilty pleas be withdrawn.

      The standard of review where ineffective assistance of counsel is alleged is set out in Strickland v. Washington, 446 U.S. 688, and Hernandez v. State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986).

      These cases require a showing that Counsel's performance was deficient by norms of the community, plus a showing that the deficiency so undermined the proper function of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result. This is judged by the totality of counsel's representation and not by isolated acts and omissions. Solis v. State, 792 S.W.2d 95, 100 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980). The burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel is on the appellant and must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence. Moore v. State, 694 S.W.2d 528, 531 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel should not be sustained unless it is firmly founded in the record. Mercado v. State, 615 S.W.2d 225, 228 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981).

      In Cause No. 10-95-155-CR, the delivery case, Appellant testified in the punishment phase that he did not sell the cocaine, but that he only weighed the cocaine for the sale.

      Appellant did not have an absolute right to withdraw his plea of guilty after the court heard the evidence in the May 8, 1992, hearing. It would have been a matter in the discretion of the court on June 1, 1992, at the punishment hearing. Jackson v. State, 590 S.W.2d 514.

      Counsel's decision not to move to withdraw the guilty plea could have been sound trial strategy. Appellant's testimony, if believed, still left him guilty as a party to the offense. Appellant was seeking probation and deferred adjudication. Moreover, counsel, in view of the overwhelming evidence of Appellant's guilt, could have chosen not to withdraw Appellant's guilty plea because he knew the chance of winning at trial was almost non-existent.

      In Cause No. 10-95-156-CR, the possession with intent to deliver case, Appellant testified in the June 1, 1992, hearing that the cocaine belonged to a female passenger in his car. Appellant asserts he was denied effective assistance of counsel at this time because his attorney failed to move to withdraw his guilty plea. It would have been discretionary with the court to permit withdrawal of the guilty plea. Appellant was seeking probation and deferred adjudication, and counsel could have chosen not to move to withdraw the guilty plea as a matter of trial strategy. Point one is overruled in both cases.

      Point two: "The plea of guilty was not intelligently and voluntarily entered by the appellant."

      Appellant, in both cases, was fully admonished prior to the court accepting his pleas of guilty. Thus Appellant has the burden to establish that his pleas were involuntary. Ex parte Gibauitch, 688 S.W.2d 868, 871 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). And he has a heavy burden because he has himself attested in the trial court that his plea was voluntary. Harling v. State, 899 S.W.2d 9, 13 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1995).

      In determining the voluntariness of Appellant's pleas, we examine the entire record, including the written stipulations and waivers. Williams v. State, 522 S.W.2d 483, 485 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975); Harling, supra at 13.

      Appellant admitted to the court that his pleas were made freely and voluntarily, and further told the court that no one hassled him or threatened him in any way to get him to come in and plead guilty.

      Appellant's testimony in the June 1, 1992, hearing, in both cases, did not raise a genuine issue as to his guilt, and his testimony came only after the trial judge had finished receiving evidence on guilt-innocence and had found the evidence sufficient beyond a reasonable doubt to sustain Appellant's guilt. Point two is overruled in both cases.

      Point three: "The trial court erred in admitting into evidence testimony regarding harmful extraneous matters that suggested that Appellant was involved in burglaries and crimes of violence."

      During the punishment phase, Officer Shields testified he executed a search warrant at 3410 Overton Court and that a red Mustang, several large-screen televisions, several VCRs, stereo systems, an AK-47 rifle, 3 handguns, and a shotgun were recovered.

      Appellant objected to this testimony as evidence of extraneous offense. The trial court overruled the objection.

      To constitute an extraneous offense, the evidence must show a crime or bad act, and that the defendant was connected to it. Lockhart v. State, 847 S.W.2d 568, 573 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992); Moreno v. State, 858 S.W.2d 453, 463 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).

      The testimony about which Appellant complains does not show a crime or bad act, or that Appellant was connected to any crime or bad act. The testimony merely describes the items of property seized from 3410 Overton Court when a search warrant was executed at the residence. Nowhere in the testimony complained of is there an intimation that Appellant was involved in or connected with crimes or bad acts.

      Because the testimony does not show Appellant committed crimes or bad acts, other than those for which he was on trial, it does not reveal extraneous offense evidence. There was subsequent evidence that 3410 Overton Court was a "crack house" where Appellant sold drugs.

      The trial judge did not err in overruling Appellant's objection. In any event, the admission of the evidence was harmless under Tex. R. App. P. 81(b)(2). Point three is overruled in both cases.

      Judgments in both cases are affirmed.

 

                                                                               FRANK G. McDONALD

                                                                               Chief Justice (Retired)

Before Justice Cummings,

      Justice Vance, and

      Chief Justice McDonald (Retired)

Affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed August 21, 1996

Do not publish

tyle='font-family:"CG Times"'>Scope of Consent

  Montanez finally contends that Bridges’s decision to require him to drive to the task force’s headquarters to inspect the gas tank and the search of the gas tank at that location exceeded the scope of the consent given.

          Absent an officer’s request or a suspect’s consent limiting a search to a particular area of a vehicle, such as the trunk or passenger compartment, a request to search “the car” reasonably includes all areas of the vehicle and excludes none.  When an officer specifically asks a suspect if he can search a vehicle for illegal contraband, and the suspect answers affirmatively, a reasonable person would construe the consent to extend to any area of the vehicle in which such objects could be concealed.

 

State v. Garrett, 177 S.W.3d 652, 657-58 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, pet. ref’d) (citations omitted); accord Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248, 251, 111 S. Ct. 1801, 1804, 114 L. Ed. 2d 297 (1991); Vargas v. State, 18 S.W.3d 247, 253-54 (Tex. App.—Waco 2000, pet. ref’d); Cardenas v. State, 857 S.W.2d 707, 711 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, pet. ref’d).

          Montanez placed no express limits on the scope of his consent, and Bridges apparently did not expressly tell Montanez that he wanted to search for narcotics.  Nevertheless, it is objectively reasonable that an unlimited consent to search a vehicle will extend to every part of the vehicle within which contraband may be hidden.  See id.

          Thus, we cannot say that the court abused its discretion by concluding that Bridges’s decision to require Montanez to drive to the task force’s headquarters so the gas tank could be more closely inspected and the search of the gas tank at that location did not exceed the scope of the consent given.

Accordingly, we overrule Montanez’s sole issue and affirm the judgment.

 

FELIPE REYNA

Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,

Justice Vance, and

Justice Reyna

(Justice Vance dissenting)

Affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed November 8, 2006

Publish

[CR25]

 

 

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[1]           Conversely, the “obstructed license plate” allegation does not appear to have been a traffic violation under the law in effect in 2000 when Montanez was arrested.  See Act of May 30, 1999, 76th Leg., R.S., ch. 1189, § 17, 1999 Tex. Gen. Laws 4153, 4161 (amended 2003) (current version at Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 502.409 (Vernon Supp. 2006)); United States v. Granado, 302 F.3d 421, 423-24 (5th Cir. 2002).