Scott Lohman v. State ( 2013 )

IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-12-00412-CR
SCOTT LOHMAN,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
From the 40th District Court
Ellis County, Texas
Trial Court No. 36,752CR
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Scott David Lohman was convicted of theft of $20,000 or more but less than
$100,000, a third degree felony. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 31.03 (West Supp. 2012).
Lohman pled true to two prior non-theft felony convictions and was sentenced to 75
years in prison. Because the evidence is sufficient to prove the market value of the
property stolen was $20,000 or more but less than $100,000, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
Jamey Stephens, a local farmer, noticed one day that a gate to his acreage was
open. He did not notice anything missing at that time. A few days later, after a friend
asked whether Stephens moved his hay baler, Stephens noticed that it was gone.
Lohman admitted to taking the baler and selling it for scrap. In one issue, Lohman
argues that the evidence is insufficient to prove the value of the hay baler was $20,000
or more.
The Court of Criminal Appeals has expressed our standard of review of a
sufficiency issue as follows:
In determining whether the evidence is legally sufficient to support
a conviction, a reviewing court must consider all of the evidence in the
light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether, based on that
evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational fact finder could
have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19 (1979); Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9,
13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). This "familiar standard gives full play to the
responsibility of the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony,
to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts
to ultimate facts." Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319. "Each fact need not point
directly and independently to the guilt of the appellant, as long as the
cumulative force of all the incriminating circumstances is sufficient to
support the conviction." Hooper, 214 S.W.3d at 13.
Lucio v. State, 351 S.W.3d 878, 894 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011).
The Court of Criminal Appeals has also explained that our review of "all of the
evidence" includes evidence that was properly and improperly admitted. Conner v.
State, 67 S.W.3d 192, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). And if the record supports conflicting
inferences, we must presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the
Lohman v. State Page 2
prosecution and therefore defer to that determination. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,
326, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979). Further, direct and circumstantial evidence
are treated equally: "Circumstantial evidence is as probative as direct evidence in
establishing the guilt of an actor, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to
establish guilt." Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Finally, it is
well established that the factfinder is entitled to judge the credibility of witnesses and
can choose to believe all, some, or none of the testimony presented by the parties.
Chambers v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991).
A person commits a third degree felony theft if he unlawfully appropriates
property with intent to deprive the owner of property and the value of the stolen
property is $20,000 or more but less than $100,000. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 31.03(a),
(e)(5) (West Supp. 2012). The "value" of such property under the statute means fair
market value, which is the amount the property would sell for in cash, given a
reasonable time for selling it. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 31.08(a) (West 2011); Keeton
v. State, 803 S.W.2d 304, 305 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991); Valdez v. State, 116 S.W.3d 94, 98
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref'd).
When the owner of the property testifies as to the value of the property, he may
testify as to his opinion or estimate of the value of the property in general and in
commonly understood terms. Sullivan v. State, 701 S.W.2d 905, 909 (Tex. Crim. App.
1986). Testimony of this nature is an offer of the witness' best knowledge of the value of
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his property. Id. Such testimony will constitute sufficient evidence for the trier of fact
to make a determination as to value based on the witness' credibility. Id. This is true
even in the absence of a specific statement as to "market value" or "replacement value."
Id. Further, when an owner testifies, the presumption must be that the owner is
testifying to an estimation of the fair market value. Id.; Trammell v. State, 511 S.W.2d
951, 954 (Tex. Crim. App. 1974). The owner may reasonably be understood to be
testifying as to the fair market value of the property either in terms of the purchase
price or the cost to him of replacing the stolen property. Sullivan, 701 S.W.2d at 909.
Stephens testified that he purchased the hay baler for “somewhere around
$24,000.” When shown the amortization schedule from his 2011 tax return for 2011,
Stephens noted that it reflected the amount he paid and financed for the baler was
$17,877. However, Stephens traded in another baler for $6,500, making the purchase
price for the stolen baler over $24,000. Stephens also testified that, after paying a $500
deductible, his insurance company paid him approximately $20,500 for the baler. On
cross-examination, Stephens testified that his 2011 tax return showed the sales price of
the baler as $22,516 and that the depreciation cost was $10,125.
As the owner of the baler, Stephens was permitted to testify as to the fair market
value of the baler in terms of the purchase price. See Sullivan, 701 S.W.2d at 909.
Further, testimony from the property owner of what was paid by insurance has been
held to be sufficient evidence of fair market value. See Jimenez v. State, 67 S.W.3d 493,
Lohman v. State Page 4
506 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, pet. ref’d). Although there was conflicting
testimony about the value of the baler, the factfinder was entitled to choose between
conflicting values in determining the fair market value of the baler. See Keeton v. State,
803 S.W.2d 304, 306 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991); Valdez v. State, 116 S.W.3d 94, 99 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. ref'd) ("[w]here contradictory evidence is
presented to the jury as to value, it is the duty of the jury to resolve any conflicts in the
evidence.").
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence was
sufficient for the jury to determine that the value of the property stolen was over
$20,000. Lohman’s sole issue is overruled.
The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
TOM GRAY
Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Davis, and
Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed October 10, 2013
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