David Lee Allen v. State ( 2013 )

NUMBER 13-12-00445-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
DAVID LEE ALLEN, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 2nd 25th District Court
of Gonzales County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Garza, Benavides, and Perkes
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Perkes
Appellant, David Lee Allen, was convicted by a jury of aggravated sexual assault,
a first-degree felony, and was sentenced to life imprisonment. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 22.021 (West 2011). By his sole issue, appellant argues that his counsel provided
ineffective assistance by not objecting to an expert witness’s testimony that as a sexual
assault nurse examiner she had “in fact” examined over 1,100 “subjects of sexual
assault”. We affirm.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Appellant was charged with attacking a 67-year-old female in her home on the
night of January 9, 2011. The complainant testified that she awoke to find appellant in
her bedroom. It was a stormy night and her home had a tin roof; she did not hear
appellant break down her door and enter her house. She further testified that appellant
proceeded to rape her and beat her with his fists until she lost consciousness. When she
awoke, appellant was gone. She called 911 and her son.
The complainant was rushed to the hospital. Her nose, jaw, cheek bones, and
some of her teeth were broken and her head had been hit with such force that titanium
plates had to be inserted in her skull. At the hospital, she was examined by a sexual
assault nurse examiner (SANE nurse). The SANE nurse found bruising and tearing of
the complainant’s genitals that was consistent with a sexual assault. She also took
vaginal swabs which were sent to the Department of Public Safety Crime Lab for DNA
analysis. While she was at the hospital, the complainant was presented with a photo
line-up, which included a photo of appellant. She identified appellant as her attacker.
At the complainant’s home, an officer collecting evidence noticed appellant, who
was the complainant’s neighbor, standing outside and muttering that the police did not
have anything on him. The officer approached appellant and asked if he had anything to
say in reference to the case. Appellant replied he did not. After he was arrested, he
consented to an oral swabbing for DNA testing. Appellant’s DNA matched sperm found
on the vaginal swabs that were taken from the complainant’s genitals by the SANE nurse
after the attack. The likelihood of appellant’s DNA matching the sperm found in the
complainant was estimated to be 2.71 billion to one.
2
During appellant’s trial, the State called the SANE nurse as an expert witness.
During direct examination, the SANE nurse testified, in relevant part, as follows:
Q. And have you, in fact, ever examined individuals who have been
subjects of sexual assault?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. On few or many occasions?
A. I’ve done a little over 1,100 cases.
II. DISCUSSION
By his sole issue, appellant argues the record shows that his trial counsel provided
ineffective assistance because he failed to object to the SANE nurse’s testimony that she
had “in fact” examined over 1,100 “subjects of sexual assault”. Appellant argues that the
nurse’s testimony was misleading to the jury because it gave the jury the impression that
she factually determined the complainant was sexually assaulted. Appellant contends
that the nurse’s testimony invaded the province of the jury, whose job it was to determine
the ultimate fact issue of whether or not the complainant was sexually assaulted.
Both the United States and Texas Constitutions guarantee an accused the right to
assistance of counsel. U.S. CONST. amend. VI; TEX. CONST. art. I, § 10; see also TEX.
CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 1.051 (West 2010). This right necessarily includes the right
to reasonably effective assistance of counsel. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
686 (1984). In order to prove an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a defendant
must show (1) by a preponderance of the evidence, that counsel’s performance was so
deficient that he was not functioning as acceptable counsel under the Sixth Amendment,
and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error or omission, the result
of the proceedings would have been different. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687–96;
3
Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 812 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). The defendant must
overcome the strong presumption that the challenged action might have been sound trial
strategy. Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813. We will not speculate to find trial counsel
ineffective when the record is silent as to counsel’s reasoning or strategy. Godoy v.
State, 122 S.W.3d 315, 322 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. ref’d).
When there is no evidentiary record developed at a hearing on a motion for new
trial, it is extremely difficult to show that trial counsel’s performance was deficient. See
Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 833 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); see also Aldaba v. State, 382
S.W.3d 424, 431 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. ref'd). If there is no
hearing, or if counsel fails to appear at a hearing, an affidavit from trial counsel becomes
almost vital to the success of an ineffective-assistance claim. Stults v. State, 23 S.W.3d
198, 208–09 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref’d). The Texas Court of
Criminal Appeals has stated that it should be a rare case in which an appellate court finds
ineffective assistance on a record that is silent as to counsel’s trial strategy. See
Andrews v. State, 159 S.W.3d 98, 103 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). On a silent record, this
Court can find ineffective assistance of counsel only if the challenged conduct was so
outrageous that no competent attorney would have engaged in it. Goodspeed v. State,
187 S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
Appellant’s ineffective-assistance claim fails because he did not meet his burden
under either prong of the Strickland test. With respect to the first Strickland prong, to
argue successfully that trial counsel’s failure to object amounted to ineffective assistance
of counsel, appellant must demonstrate, at a minimum, that the trial court would have
committed error in overruling the objection if trial counsel had timely objected. See Ex
4
parte Martinez, 330 S.W.3d 891, 901 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011); Jagaroo v. State, 180
S.W.3d 793, 800 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. ref’d) (“Before this court
may conclude counsel was ineffective for failure to make an objection, appellant must
show the trial court would have erred in overruling the objection.”); see also Brambila v.
State, No. 14-08-00371-CR, 2009 WL 2356674, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
July 28, 2009, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (same). Appellant
failed to make this showing.
Appellant offers no authority to show that the trial court would have committed
reversible error if it had overruled an objection to the nurse’s testimony had an objection
been made. The SANE nurse was an expert witness for the State. Under Texas Rule
of Evidence 702, a “witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience,
training, or education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise.” TEX. R.
EVID. 702. The portion of the nurse’s testimony that appellant finds objectionable was
given within the context of the State laying the foundation that the SANE nurse had the
requisite education, knowledge, skill, and experience to testify as an expert witness. The
nurse’s testimony that she had “in fact” examined over 1,100 “subjects of sexual assault”
was given immediately after she testified about her education and the number of years
she had been licensed as a sexual assault nurse and went to show that she had
extensive experience as a sexual assault nurse. The SANE nurse did not state that the
complainant was one of the 1,100 “subjects of sexual assault” that she had “in fact”
examined. Furthermore, even if the nurse’s testimony addressed an ultimate issue of
fact to be determined by the jury, it is not objectionable solely for that reason. See TEX.
R. EVID. 704 (“Testimony in the form of an opinion or inference otherwise admissible is not
5
objectionable because it embraces an ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact.”).
Appellant has failed to satisfy his burden under the first prong of the Strickland test.
With respect to the second Strickland prong, appellant fails to point to any
evidence in the record that shows a reasonable probability that the jury would have found
him not guilty of aggravated sexual assault if counsel had objected to the nurse’s
testimony. Even if the portion of the nurse’s testimony which appellant finds prejudicial
had been objected to and the objection had been sustained, there still remains
overwhelming evidence against appellant. The complainant sustained serious injuries
to her head and face as a result of appellant beating her with his fists. There was
bruising and tearing on the complainant’s genital area and sexual organs which indicated
forcible penetration. Appellant’s sperm was found inside the complainant’s vagina, and
the complainant identified appellant as her attacker. On this record, we cannot conclude
that appellant met his burden to demonstrate a reasonable probability that but for
counsel’s alleged error, the outcome of his trial would have been different. See
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687-96.
We overrule appellant’s sole issue.
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
GREGORY T. PERKES
Justice
Do not publish.
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
Delivered and filed the
13th day of June, 2013.
6