Kristofer Thomas Kastner (Appellant/Cross Appellee) v. Martin, Drought & Torres, Inc. (Appellee/Cross Appellant) ( 2011 )

MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-09-00565-CV
Kristofer Thomas KASTNER,
Appellant and Cross-Appellee
v.
MARTIN & DROUGHT, P.C. f/k/a Martin & Drought, Inc. and f/k/a Martin, Drought &
Torres, Inc., Gerald T. Drought, and Dain A. Dreyer,
Appellees and Cross-Appellants
From the 407th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2009-CI-06774
Honorable Antonia Arteaga, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Sitting: Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice
Rebecca Simmons, Justice
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Delivered and Filed: July 20, 2011
AFFIRMED
Kristofer Thomas Kastner appeals the trial court’s order declaring him a vexatious
litigant and the judgment dismissing his fraud and breach of contract actions with prejudice. We
affirm.
In 1999, the Texas Board of Law Examiners made a preliminary determination that
Kastner, a law school graduate, lacked the good moral character required for admission to
practice law in Texas. The determination was based on Kastner’s criminal history, his failure to
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disclose the criminal history on his law school applications, and his history of chemical
dependence. Kastner hired the law firm of Martin, Drought and Torres, Inc. to represent him at a
hearing to reconsider his application. After a November 1999 hearing, the Board issued an order
on January 3, 2000, confirming its earlier decision.
In August 2006, Kastner sued the law firm and two attorneys — Gerald T. Drought and
Dain A. Dreyer — for legal malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty. He alleged the attorneys
failed to properly prepare for and present his case at the November 1999 hearing and failed to
adequately inform and advise him, all of which resulted in his not receiving a law license and
other damages. The attorneys filed a motion for summary judgment, alleging Kastner’s suit was
barred by the statute of limitations and that Kastner had no evidence of any breach of duty or
causation. The trial court granted the motion and rendered a take nothing final judgment against
Kastner. This court subsequently affirmed the judgment and the Texas Supreme Court denied a
petition for review. Kastner v. Martin & Drought, Inc., No. 04-07-00342-CV, 2009 WL 260601
(Tex. App.—San Antonio Feb. 4, 2009, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
Kastner sued the lawyers again in 2008, adding another law firm as a defendant. The
2008 petition alleged the same general wrongdoing by the attorneys, the same causes of action,
and the same injuries. The trial court severed the claims against the new defendant and granted a
take-nothing summary judgment in favor of the attorneys and Martin, Drought on grounds of res
judicata. This court affirmed the trial court’s finding that an appeal of the judgment would be
frivolous and later dismissed the appeal for want of prosecution. Kastner v. Martin & Drought,
P.C., No. 04-08-00779-CV, 2009 WL 618698 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Mar. 11, 2009, order,
pet. denied) (per curiam), disp. on merits, 2009 WL 962528 (Tex. App.—San Antonio April 8,
2009) (per curiam) (mem. op.), cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 2353 (2010).
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Kastner filed this action against Martin & Drought, P.C., Drought, and Dreyer in April
2008. The petition again complains of the attorneys’ alleged acts and failures to act in
connection with their representation of him in the 1999 hearing before the Board of Law
Examiners. Kastner recasts the claims as breach of contract, fraudulent misrepresentation, and
failure to disclose. The defendants filed an answer, asserting res judicata and the statute of
limitations as defenses, and filed a motion to declare Kastner a vexatious litigant pursuant to
chapter 11 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE
ANN. §11.01 et seq. (West 2002). After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court signed an order
declaring Kastner a vexatious litigant, requiring Kastner to post security in the amount of
$17,500 before the case would proceed, and prohibiting Kastner from filing any further litigation
against the defendants in any Texas court without first obtaining permission of the local
administrative judge. When Kastner failed to file the ordered security, the trial court dismissed
the case with prejudice. At Kastner’s request, the trial court issued findings of fact and
conclusions of law.
Kastner appealed the judgment. The defendants filed a cross-appeal, complaining of the
trial court’s ruling that the appeal was not frivolous and Kastner was entitled to a free record.
Another panel of this court decided the cross-appeal and reversed the trial court’s order. Kastner
v. Martin & Drought, P.C., No. 04-09-00565-CV, 2010 WL 2843946 (Tex. App.—San Antonio
July 21, 2010, order) (per curiam) (mem. op.). The court held the appeal is frivolous and
required Kastner to pay the costs for preparation of the record. The clerk’s record has been filed;
however, Kastner did not pay the fee for preparation of the record of the hearing on the motion to
declare him a vexatious litigant, and that record has not been filed.
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VEXATIOUS LITIGANT FINDING
Section 11.051 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code authorizes a defendant to
file a motion for an order determining plaintiff to be a vexatious litigant and requiring the
plaintiff to furnish security. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. §11.051 (West 2002). When a
timely motion under section 11.051 is filed, the litigation is stayed and the trial court must hold a
hearing on the motion after giving notice. Id. §§ 11.052, 11.053. The trial court may find a
plaintiff to be a vexatious litigant if the defendant shows “that there is not a reasonable
probability that the plaintiff will prevail in the litigation against the defendant” and one of the
other factors enumerated in section 11.054. Id. § 11.054. Here, the defendants alleged the
factors in section 11.054(2), that:
(2) after a litigation has been finally determined against the plaintiff, the plaintiff
repeatedly relitigates or attempts to relitigate, in propria persona, either:
(A) the validity of the determination against the same
defendant as to whom the litigation was finally determined; or
(B) the cause of action, claim, controversy, or any of the
issues of fact or law determined or concluded by the final
determination against the same defendant as to whom the litigation
was finally determined;
Id.
In several issues, Kastner challenges the trial court’s findings under section 11.054.
Kastner first argues the defendants did not meet their burden because their motion was
conclusory and defendants did not attach all their evidence to the motion. The motion cited
Chapter 11 and sought an order finding Kastner to be a vexatious litigant, requiring security, and
prohibiting future filings; it alleged that Kastner, proceeding pro se, had twice before filed the
same suit against them and both times suffered a take-nothing judgment. The defendants
attached to the motion the appellate court opinions in the earlier cases. The motion was
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sufficient to give Kastner notice of the grounds for the motion. At the statutorily required
hearing, the trial court may consider “any evidence material to the ground of the motion,”
including “written or oral evidence” and “evidence presented by witnesses or by affidavit.” Id.
§11.053. Nothing in the statute requires the defendants to attach or refer to all their evidence in
their motion.
Kastner next argues the defendants failed to prove he had no reasonable probability of
prevailing in the litigation and one of the other factors listed in section 11.054, and that the trial
court’s findings and conclusions to that effect are not supported by the record. However,
Kastner did not procure a record of the hearing on the motion to declare him a vexatious litigant.
When the ruling complained of resulted from an evidentiary hearing in open court, the
complaining party must present a record of that hearing to establish harmful error. Michiana
Easy Livin’ Country, Inc. v. Holten, 168 S.W.3d 777, 783 (Tex. 2005). The parties agree an
evidentiary hearing occurred and Kastner refers in his brief to some of the evidence admitted at
the hearing. However, in the absence of the reporter’s record of the hearing, we presume the
evidence presented supports the trial court’s order. See In re Bill Heard Chevrolet, Ltd., 209
S.W.3d 311, 316 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, original proc.); Wright v. Wright, 699
S.W.2d 620, 622 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1985, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Accordingly, Kastner cannot
show the trial court abused its discretion in finding him to be a vexatious litigant or that the
record does not support the trial court’s findings and conclusions. See Nell Nations Forist v.
Vanguard Underwriters Ins. Co., 141 S.W.3d 668, 670 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004, no pet.)
(trial court’s determination plaintiff is a vexatious litigant reviewed under an abuse of discretion
standard).
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Nevertheless, we note that the relevant pleadings and judgments from the prior lawsuits
are contained elsewhere in the record and they conclusively establish the criteria for finding
Kastner a vexatious litigant. Both previous suits were finally determined against Kastner with
take-nothing judgments. The first judgment was affirmed on appeal, and the appeal of the
second judgment was dismissed. See Kastner v. Martin, Drought & Torres, Inc., No. 04-07-
00342-CV, 2009 WL 260601 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Feb. 4, 2009, pet. denied) (mem. op.);
Kastner v. Martin & Drought, P.C., No. 04-08-00779-CV, 2009 WL 962528 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio April 8, 2009) (per curiam) (mem. op.), cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 2353 (2010). In both the
second suit and this suit, Kastner, pro se, attempts to relitigate against the same defendants the
controversy and issues of fact concluded by the earlier final determinations. See TEX. CIV. PRAC.
& REM. CODE ANN. § 11.054(2)(B). The pleadings also establish Kastner had no reasonable
probability of prevailing in this case because the suit is barred by res judicata. See Barr v.
Resolution Trust Corp., 837 S.W.2d 627, 631 (Tex. 1992) (holding that res judicata bars a
subsequent suit between same parties that arises out of same subject matter and which through
the exercise of diligence could have been litigated in prior suit); Pinebrook Props., Ltd. v.
Brookhaven Lake Prop. Owners Ass’n, 77 S.W.3d 487, 496-97 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2002,
pet. denied) (holding that where there is legal relationship between parties, all claims, causes of
action, and legal theories arising from that relationship arise from the same subject matter and
are subject to res judicata); Robinson v. Garcia, 5 S.W.3d 348, 352 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
1999, pet. denied) (holding that all claims arising from attorney’s representation of plaintiff
should have been prosecuted in same action, and subsequent suit was barred by res judicata);
Fernandez v. Mem’l Healthcare Sys., Inc., 896 S.W.2d 227, 231 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
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1995, writ denied) (summary judgment is judgment on the merits and is accorded res judicata
effect).
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
Kastner next complains the court’s findings and conclusions are conclusory and
insufficient to support the order, and that the trial court should have issued additional findings
and conclusions. We disagree. The trial court’s findings and conclusions encompassed all of the
ultimate or controlling issues. Additional findings are not required “if the original findings and
conclusions ‘properly and succinctly relate the ultimate findings of fact and law necessary to
apprise [the party] of adequate information for the preparation of [the party’s] appeal.’” Main
Place Custom Homes, Inc. v. Honaker, 192 S.W.3d 604, 612 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2006, pet.
denied) (quoting Balderama v. W. Cas. Life Ins. Co., 794 S.W.2d 84, 89 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 1990), rev’d on other grounds, 825 S.W.2d 432 (Tex.1991)). Additional findings were
not necessary for Kastner to adequately present his arguments on appeal.
DUE PROCESS, DUE COURSE OF LAW, AND ACCESS TO COURTS
In his remaining issues, Kastner contends his rights to due process and due course of law,
to petition, and to access to the courts have been violated in various ways. Kastner complains
the trial court denied his right to due process in its conduct of the vexatious litigant hearing.
However, in the absence of a record of that hearing, no error is shown. Kastner next contends
his constitutional rights were violated when the trial court denied a motion to recuse and the local
administrative judge denied Kastner a “hearing on the recusal judge and refused to toll the time
period for hearing the motion to vacate.” Neither order to which Kastner refers is in the record.
Moreover, Kastner asserts the local administrative judge’s order was signed February 24, 2010,
which was long after the trial court’s plenary power over the judgment expired. Finally, Kastner
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offers no legal argument or authority for his contention that the trial court or the administrative
judge erred or that Kastner’s constitutional rights were violated.
Kastner next argues he is constitutionally entitled to a free reporter’s record of the
hearing on the motion to declare him a vexatious litigant. However, he does not address this
court’s previous order and opinion holding the appeal frivolous. Nor has he provided any
argument or authority to support the contention that he has a constitutional right to a free record
to pursue a frivolous civil appeal.
Finally, Kastner complains the trial court’s order entered pursuant to the vexatious
litigant statute, requiring him to seek approval before filing future litigation and setting security
to be filed before the case could proceed violates his rights. Again, Kastner offers no clear and
concise argument supported by authorities. Kastner’s constitutional issues are inadequately
briefed, present nothing for review, and are therefore overruled. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i);
Gardner v. Gardner, 229 S.W.3d 747, 756 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2007, no pet.); Brown v.
Texas Bd. of Nurse Examiners, 194 S.W.3d 721, 723 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.)
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
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